Engineering Fluid Mechanics - Staffordshire University

1 T. Al-Shemmeri Engineering Fluid Mechanics Download free ebooks at 2. Engineering Fluid Mechanics 2012 T. Al-Shemmeri & Ventus Publishing ApS. ISBN 978-87-403-0114-4. Download free ebooks at 3. Engineering Fluid Mechanics Contents Contents Notation 7. 1 Fluid Statics 14. Fluid Properties 14. Pascal's Law 21. Fluid -Static Law 21. Pressure Measurement 24. Centre of pressure & the Metacentre 29. Resultant Force and Centre of Pressure on a Curved Surface in a Static Fluid 34. Buoyancy 37. Stability of floating bodies 40. 360 . Tutorial problems 45.. 2 Internal Fluid Flow 47. Definitions 47. Conservation of Mass Conservation of Energy thinking 50. 52. Flow Measurement 54. Flow Regimes 58. 360 . thinking . 360.

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3 The Mach number 96. Compressibility Factor 99. Energy equation for frictionless adiabatic gas processes 102. Stagnation properties of compressible flow 106. Worked Examples 109. Tutorial Problems - Compressible Flow 114. Increase your impact with MSM Executive Education Please click the advert For almost 60 years Maastricht School of Management has been enhancing the management capacity of professionals and organizations around the world through state-of-the-art management education. Our broad range of Open Enrollment Executive Programs offers you a unique interactive, stimulating and multicultural learning experience. Be prepared for tomorrow's management challenges and apply today. For more information, visit or contact us at +31 43 38 70 808 or via the globally networked management school For more information, visit or contact us at +31 43 38 70 808.

4 Or via Executive 1 Download free ebooks at 18-08-11 15:13. 5. Engineering Fluid Mechanics Contents 5 Hydroelectric Power 116. Introduction 117. Types of hydraulic turbines 117. Performance evaluation of Hydraulic Turbines 121. Pumped storage hydroelectricity 123. Worked Examples 127. Tutorial Problems 130. Sample Examination paper 131. Formulae Sheet 140. See the light! The sooner you realize we are right, the sooner your life will get better! Please click the advert A bit over the top? Yes we know! We are just that sure that we can make your media activities more effective. Get Bookboon's Free Media Advice . Email Download free ebooks at 6. Engineering Fluid Mechanics Notation Notation Symbol definition units A area m2.

5 D diameter m F force N. g gravitational acceleration m/s2. h head or height m L length m m mass kg P pressure Pa or N/m2. P pressure difference Pa or N/m2. Q volume flow rate m3/s r radius m t time s V velocity m/s z height above arbitrary datum m Subscripts a atmospheric c cross-sectional f pipe friction o obstruction p pump r relative s surface t turbine x x-direction y y-direction z elevation Dimensionless numbers Cd discharge coefficient f friction factor (pipes). K obstruction loss factor k friction coefficient (blades). Re Reynolds number Download free ebooks at 7. Engineering Fluid Mechanics Notation Greek symbols , , angle degrees dynamic viscosity kg/ms kinematics viscosity m2/s density kg/m3.

6 Shear stress N/m2. efficiency %. Dimensions and Units Any physical situation, whether it involves a single object or a complete system, can be described in terms of a number of recognisable properties which the object or system possesses. For example, a moving object could be described in terms of its mass, length, area or volume, velocity and acceleration. Its temperature or electrical properties might also be of interest, while other properties - such as density and viscosity of the medium through which it moves - would also be of importance, since they would affect its motion. These measurable properties used to describe the physical state of the body or system are known as its variables, some of which are basic such as length and time, others are derived such as velocity.

7 Each variable has units to describe the magnitude of that quantity. Lengths in SI units are described in units of meters. The Meter is the unit of the dimension of length (L); hence the area will have dimension of L2, and volume L3. Time will have units of seconds (T), hence velocity is a derived quantity with dimensions of (LT-1) and units of meter per second. A list of some variables is given in Table 1 with their units and dimensions. Definitions of Some Basic SI Units Mass: The kilogram is the mass of a platinum-iridium cylinder kept at Sevres in France. Length: The metre is now defined as being equal to 1 650 wavelengths in vacuum of the orange line emitted by the Krypton-86 atom. Time: The second is defined as the fraction 1/31 556 of the tropical year for 1900.

8 The second is also declared to be the interval occupied by 9 192 631 770 cycles of the radiation of the caesium atom corresponding to the transition between two closely spaced ground state energy levels. Temperature: The Kelvin is the degree interval on the thermodynamic scale on which the temperature of the triple point of water is K exactly. (The temperature of the ice point is K). Definitions of Some Derived SI Units Force: The Newton is that force which, when acting on a mass of one kilogram gives it an acceleration of one metre per second per second. Download free ebooks at 8. Engineering Fluid Mechanics Notation Work Energy, and Heat: The joule is the work done by a force of one Newton when its point of application is moved through a distance of one metre in the direction of the force.

9 The same unit is used for the measurement of every kind of energy including quantity of heat. The Newton metre, the joule and the watt second are identical in value. It is recommended that the Newton is kept for the measurement of torque or moment and the joule or watt second is used for quantities of work or energy. Quantity Unit Symbol Length [L] Metre m Mass [m] Kilogram kg Time [ t ] Second s Electric current [ I ] Ampere A. Temperature [ T ] degree Kelvin K. Luminous intensity [ Iv ] Candela cd Table 1: Basic SI Units Quantity Unit Symbol Derivation Force [ F ] Newton N kg-m/s2. Work, energy [ E ] joule J N-m Power [ P ] watt W J/s Pressure [ p ] Pascal Pa N/m2. Table 2: Derived Units with Special Names Quantity Symbol Area m2.

10 Volume m3. Density kg/m3. Angular acceleration rad/s2. Velocity m/s Pressure, stress N/m2. Kinematic viscosity m2/s Dynamic viscosity N-s/m2. Momentum kg-m/s Kinetic energy kg-m2/s2. Specific enthalpy J/kg Specific entropy J/kg K. Table 3: Some Examples of Other Derived SI Units Download free ebooks at 9. Engineering Fluid Mechanics Notation Quantity Unit Symbol Derivation Time minute min 60 s Time hour h ks Temperature degree Celsius o C K - Angle degree o /180 rad Volume litre l 10-3 m3 or dm3. Speed kilometre per hour km/h - Angular speed revolution per minute rev/min - Frequency hertz Hz cycle/s Pressure bar b 102 kN/m2. Kinematic viscosity stoke St 100 mm2/s Dynamic viscosity poise P 100 mN-s/m2.