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ENGINEERING GUIDE - Steam Specialty

ENGINEERING GUIDE CONTENTS TABLES Propertie s of Saturate d Steam Pressure to Vacuum Properties of Water Condensation Start-Up Loads Condensation Loads Co nv ersion chart Pipe Data SIZING Steam Lines Condensate Return Lines Steam Traps DESIGN GUIDELINES Steam Tracing Clean Steam Piping & Tr apping TYPICAL PIPING SCHEMATICS Oven Heating Coils Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger Vessel With Steam Coil - Top Outlet Unit Heater Flat Work Ir oner St eam Press Jacketed Pressure Vessel Pr es sure Vessel With Dimple Jacket Flash Tank With Condensate Booster Pump Multi-Coil Air Handler Hi gh Pressure Ai r Coil Dry Can/Calender Roll Jacketed Kettle Tilting Jacked Kettle Domestic Hot Water 16 Cosentino Drive. Scarborough, Ontario M1P 3A2 Tel: (416) 291-1111 Fax: (416) 754-3481 E-mail: PROPERTIES OF saturated STEAMh = Total heat of Steam , Btu per pound v = Specific volume, cubic feet per poundPres- Temper-Satur-Satur-TOTAL TEMPERATURE, Fsureatureatedatedpsi F Liquid Vapor22024026028030032034036038040042044 0460(gage) (sat.)

ENGINEERING GUIDE CONTENTS TABLES ¾Pr operties of Saturated Steam ¾Pr essure to Vacuum ¾P roperties of Water ¾Conden sation Start-Up Loads ¾Conden sation Loads ¾Co nversion Chart ¾Pipe Data SIZING ¾Steam Lines ¾Conden sate Return Lines ¾Steam T raps

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  Chart, Guide, Engineering, Steam, Engineering guide, Saturated, Of saturated steam

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Transcription of ENGINEERING GUIDE - Steam Specialty

1 ENGINEERING GUIDE CONTENTS TABLES Propertie s of Saturate d Steam Pressure to Vacuum Properties of Water Condensation Start-Up Loads Condensation Loads Co nv ersion chart Pipe Data SIZING Steam Lines Condensate Return Lines Steam Traps DESIGN GUIDELINES Steam Tracing Clean Steam Piping & Tr apping TYPICAL PIPING SCHEMATICS Oven Heating Coils Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger Vessel With Steam Coil - Top Outlet Unit Heater Flat Work Ir oner St eam Press Jacketed Pressure Vessel Pr es sure Vessel With Dimple Jacket Flash Tank With Condensate Booster Pump Multi-Coil Air Handler Hi gh Pressure Ai r Coil Dry Can/Calender Roll Jacketed Kettle Tilting Jacked Kettle Domestic Hot Water 16 Cosentino Drive. Scarborough, Ontario M1P 3A2 Tel: (416) 291-1111 Fax: (416) 754-3481 E-mail: PROPERTIES OF saturated STEAMh = Total heat of Steam , Btu per pound v = Specific volume, cubic feet per poundPres- Temper-Satur-Satur-TOTAL TEMPERATURE, Fsureatureatedatedpsi F Liquid Vapor22024026028030032034036038040042044 0460(gage) (sat.)

2 *Adapted with permission from Thermodynamic Properties of Steam , Keenan and Keyes, published by John Wiley & Sons, OFSATURATEDSTEAMCONT = Total heat of Steam , Btu per pound v = Specific volume, cubic feet per poundTOTAL TEMPERATURE, FTemp- Pres-erature sure480500520540560580600620640660680700 720740750 Fpsi(sat.) (gage) , TO VACUUMPROPERTIES OF WATERW ater FPSIAlbs/Gallon :Weight of water per gallon is based on gallonsper cubic gravity of water @ 60 F = Indicated Absolute PressurePSIGI nches of HgPSIAI nches of Hg + + + + loads are in pounds per hour per 100 feet of insulated Steam main with ambient temperature of 70 F and aninsulation efficiency of 80%. chart loads represent losses due to radiation and convection for saturated WARM-UP LOADSCONDENSATION LOADSS teamHEADER SIZE0 F*PressureCorrectPSIG2"21/2"3"4"5"6"8 10"12"14"16"18"20"24" 2283384645577168961096 2543765176207989981221 2774115666788721091 1335 2994446117329421179 1441 SIZE0 F*PressureCorrectPSIG2"21/2"3"4"5"6"8 10"12"14"16"18"20"24" loads are in pounds per hour per 100 feet of insulated Steam main with ambient temperature of 70 F and aninsulation efficiency of 80%.

3 Loads are based on Schedule 40 pipe for pressures up to and including 250 PSIG and on schedule 80 pipe forpressures above 250 WEIGHTS and Inches231 GallonsCu. of of InchesCu. InchesCu. InchesLbs. of FeetCu. Inches1728Cu. FeetCu..FeetLbs. of MetersCu. MetersCu. of of of of WaterCu. of WaterCu. of WaterCu. InchesSq. InchesSq. FeetSq. Inches144Sq. FeetSq. FeetSq. cmSq. cmSq. cmSq. MeterSq. Inches1550Sq. MeterSq..per Sq . per Sq. per Sq. per Sq. of per Sq. of per Sq. of per Sq. of per Sq. per Sq. per Sq. per Sq. per Sq. per Sq. per Sq. per Sq. per Sq. of per Sq. of per Sq. of per Sq. of per Sq. per Sq. per Sq. per Sq. per Sq. per Sq. per Sq. of of of of per Sq. per Sq. of WaterLbs. per Sq. of WaterLbs. per Sq. of WaterFt. of of WaterIns. of of Watermm of of of Waterkg per Sq. of Waterkg per Sq. of WaterLbs. per Sq.

4 Of WaterLbs. per Sq. of of WaterIns. of Water12Ft. of WaterIns. of of Watermm of of of Waterkg per Sq. of Waterkg per Sq. of MercuryLbs. per Sq. of MercuryLbs. per Sq. of of MercuryIns. of of MercuryFt. of of Mercurymm of of of Mercurykg per Sq. of Mercurykg per Sq. of MercuryLbs. per Sq. of MercuryLbs. per Sq. of of MercuryIns. of of MercuryFt. of of MercuryIns. of of of Mercurykg per Sq. of Mercurykg per Sq. per Sq. cmLbs. per Sq. per Sq. cmLbs. per Sq. per Sq. per Sq. cmIns. of per Sq. cmFt. of per Sq. cmIns. of per Sq. cmmm of per Sq. per Sq. cmkg per Sq. M10000 Note: All weights and measures of water are basedon temperature of 60 : Temperature of Water and Mercury is 68 Fand 32 F of PRESSURE AND HEADToMultiplyConvertToByToMultiplyConve rtToByToMultiplyConvertToByTEMPERATURETo convert Fahrenheit to Celsius: F - convert Celsius to Fahrenheit: ( x C) + 32 VELOCITY1 Ft per Sec. = M Per M per Sec.

5 = Ft. per TABLESPipeOutsideCarbonStainlessWallInsi deCircum. CircumFlowWeightWeightGallonsPipeSize DiameterWeightSteelSteelThickness Diameter(Ext.)(Int.)Areaof Pipeof Water of WaterSectionSize(in.)(in.) (in.)(in.)(in.)(in.)(sq. in.)(lbs/Ft.)(lbs/Ft.)per (in.) 160 .. 160 .. 160 .. 160 .. 160 .. 160 .. 160 .. CircumFlowWeightWeightGallonsPipeSize DiameterWeightSteelSteelThickness Diameter(Ext.)(Int.)Areaof Pipeof Water of WaterSectionSize(in.)(in.) (in.)(in.)(in.)(in.)(sq. in.)(lbs/Ft.)(lbs/Ft.)per (in.) 160 .. 120 . 160 .. 120 . 160 .. 120 . 160 .. 20 . 30 . 60 . 100 . 120 . 140 .. 160 . 20 . 30 . 80 . 100 . 120 . 160 TABLESCONT CircumFlowWeightWeightGallonsPipeSize DiameterWeightSteelSteelThickness Diameter(Ext.)(Int.)Areaof Pipeof Water of WaterSectionSize(in.)(in.) (in.)(in.)(in.)(in.)(sq. in.)(lbs/Ft.)(lbs/Ft.)

6 Per (in.) 20 . 30 . 40 . 60 . 80 . 100 . 140 160 10 . 20 .. 40 .. 60 . 80 . 100 . 120 140 160 10 . 20 .. 60 . 80 . 100 120 140 160 10 . 20 .. 30 .. 40 . 60 . 80 . 100 120 140 160 TABLESCONT TABLESCONT CircumFlowWeightWeightGallonsPipeSize DiameterWeightSteelSteelThickness Diameter(Ext.)(Int.)Areaof Pipeof Water of WaterSectionSize(in.)(in.) (in.)(in.)(in.)(in.)(sq. in.)(lbs/Ft.)(lbs/Ft.)per (in.) 10 . 20 .. 60 . 80 100 120 140 160 10 .. 60 . 80 100 120 140 160 .. 30 . 40 . 60 . 80 100 120 140 160 .. 30 . SIZING CRITERIAP roper detailed design of a Steam systemshould be done using detailed calcula-tions for frictional losses in Steam following examples and rules aremeant to provide simple guidelines to seeif Steam pipe sizes are possibly under-sized. They do not imply any designliability by Nicholson. Undersizing ofsteam lines can lead to reduced pressureto process equipment and impairedperformance of valves, heat exchangersand Steam traps.

7 Steam line sizing alongwith condensate return line sizing shouldalways be checked when a system isnot performing up to : The system shown in will be used as our example. TheSupply S at the right is 120 psig steamwhich is branching off to Steam users A,B, C, D & E. The equipment usage is indi-cated in lbs/hr. The segments of pipingwill be addressed going backwards fromthe furthest end user A. The Steam flowgoing through the pipe segment from theintersection X to equipment A is 1000lb/hr (the usage of A). A simple rule ofthumbfor smaller Steam piping (6" andbelow) is to keep Steam velocities below10,000 feet/minute (165 feet/second) forshort lengths of pipe only. The length of the Steam line between Xand A is 1000 feet, so the simple rule ofthumb can not be applied here becausethe pressure drop will be too high. Thepressure drop should be kept to a mini-mum, or supply pressure to the equip-ment will droop. SOLUTION BY chart : The chart is agraphic solution to help select pipe pressure values used for this chartare in psia (absolute).

8 For values given ingage pressure (psig), you must add 15psi ( psi actual). The example we willuse is for saturated Steam flow, but thischart does have corrections for super-heat. There will be an overall systempressure drop, so that the pressure isassumed to be 5 to 10 psig below thesupply pressure of 120 psig (135 psia).Enter the chart at the top at a pointrepresenting 130 psia and proceedvertically downward. Enter the chart atthe right at the value of the Steam flow inLb/minute (1000 lb/hr = lb/min) andmove horizontally across until the hori-zontal line intersects the vertical line. Youwill proceed along the diagonal, down-ward and to the right, parallel with theother diagonal chart can be used two ways: eitherto determine the pressure drop of anexisting pipe or to determine the correctpipe size for a specific pressure drop. TO SIZE LINES: On the bottom of thechart is a pressure drop per 100 feet ofpipe, select a value of psi per 100feet. This indicates psi as the totalloss for 1000 feet.

9 Enter the chart at thebottom at .25 and move upward untilyou intersect the diagonal line. Proceedfrom the intersection horizontally leftuntil you reach the actual pipe insidediameter to determine the pipe size. Inthis example, the pipe size for section Xto A should be 2 1/2" pipe. TO FIGURE PRESSURE DROP: Enterthe chart on the left side at your pipesize and proceed horizontally until youintersect with the diagonal line. Proceedvertically downward to determine thepressure drop per 100 feet of next section of pipe to determinewould be X to B. This would have thesame pressure, but the intersection ofthe vertical line would be at the horizontalsteam flow of 33 lb/min (2000 lb/hr) foruser B. The choice of pipe sizes can beargued, a 4 will yield psi/100 feetpressure drop ( psi per 1000 feet),but the more economical solution of a3 pipe yields a feet pressuredrop. Note: when selecting the smallermore economical pipe size, there isless room for expansion and pressuredrops will increase should additionalprocess capacity common sections of header such asY to X, the Steam flow for both steamusers A and B must be combined.

10 Thevertical line will now intersect with thehorizontal Steam flow line coming acrossat 50 lb/min (3000 lb/hr). Using a 4 linewill bring the pressure drop to a value psi/100 feet, or psi for the 1000foot that pressure drop figuresfrom the bottom of the chart are per 100feet, so segments such as Y to C have alarger total pressure drop because thedistance is longer. Similarly, the totalpressure drop from Z to Y is less becausethe distance is only 500 feet. The valuesfor Steam flow continue to be additivefor each Steam user; Z to Y is 3700 lb/hr( lb/min), W to Z is 6200 lb/hr ( ) and S to W is 7200 lb/hr (120lb/min). Pipe sizes in Figure are givenfor your reference and provide the userwith reasonable pressure drops in thesteam lines. FIGURE SIZE - EXTRA STRONG PIPENOMINAL SIZE - STANDARD WEIGHT PIPEACTUAL INSIDE DIAMETER OF PIPE - FLOW IN POUNDS PER -DEGREES LOSS IN LB. PER SQ INCH PER 100 FEETAVERAGE PRESSURE LB. PER SQ. IN. ABSOLUTESTEAM TEMPERATURE DEG.


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