ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS - uowa.edu.iq

1 ON THE CD (Software and Simulations) QUICKFIELD STUDENTS VERSION (v. ) QuickField is a Finite Element Analysis package for elec-tromagnetic, thermal, and stress design simulation with coupled multi-fi eld analysis. Also includes Tera Analysis CALCULATION OF HIGH-PRESSURE CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM: CASE OF AMMONIA SYNTHESIS By Housam Binous, fi leexchange/17829 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF WATERBy Fran ois Brissette, EDITIONSI Units VersionR. K. Rajput Intended as an introductory textbook for applied or ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS , or for use as an up-to-date reference for practicing engineers, this book provides extensive in-text, solved examples to cover the basic properties of THERMODYNAMICS . Pure substances, the fi rst and second laws, gases, psychrometrics, the vapor, gas, and refrigeration cycles, heat transfer, compressible fl ow, chemical reactions, fuels, and more are presented in detail and enhanced with practical applications.

2 This version presents the material using SI Units and has ample material on SI conversion, steam tables, and a Mollier diagram. The accompanying CD includes a fully func-tional student version of QuickField software (widely used in industry) with simulations, tutorials, FEATURES Uses extensive, in-text, solved examples (with computer simulations on the CD) to cover the basic properties of ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS and heat transfer Presents the material using SI Units and has ample material on SI conversion, steam tables, and a Mollier diagram Includes a CD-ROM with QuickField soft-ware, MATLAB simulations, and fi guresABOUT THE AUTHORR. K. Rajput has over 35 years of experience teaching mechanical and electrical ENGINEERING and has authored several books and journal articles in these areas.

3 He has won many distinguished awards for both teaching and THERMODYNAMICSTHIRD EDITIONENGINEERINGTHERMODYNAMICSTHIRD EDITIONSI Units VersionENGINEERING SERIESRAJPUTR. K. RajputAll trademarks and service marks are the property of their respective and Bartlett Publishers40 Tall Pine DriveSudbury, MA 12/5/09 12:56:11 PM2/5/09 12:56:11 PMENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICSDHARMM-therm\ iAlso available :STEAM TABLESandMOLLIER DIAGRAM( UNITS)Edited RAJPUTP atialaLAXMI PUBLICATIONS (P) LTDBANGALORElCHENNAIlCOCHINlGUWAHATIlHYD ERABADJALANDHARlKOLKATAlLUCKNOWlMUMBAIlR ANCHINEW DELHIlBOSTON, USAENGINEERINGTHERMODYNAMICS[For ENGINEERING Students of All Indian Universitiesand Competitive Examinations] (Heat Power Engg.) Hons. Gold Medallist ; Grad.

4 (Mech. Engg. & Elect. Engg.) ; (India) ; ; ; (India)Principal (Formerly)Punjab College of Information TechnologyPATIALA, PunjabPublished by :LAXMI PUBLICATIONS (P) LTD113, Golden House, Daryaganj,New Delhi-110002 Phone : 011-43 53 25 00 Fax : 011-43 53 25 All rights reserved with the part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, ortransmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-0-7637-8272-63678 Price : Rs. Edition : 1996 Second Edition : 2003 Third Edition : 2007 Offices :IndiaUSA Bangalore (Phone : 080-26 61 15 61) Boston Chennai (Phone : 044-24 34 47 26)11, Leavitt Street, Hingham, Cochin (Phone : 0484-239 70 04)MA 02043, USA Guwahati (Phones : 0361-254 36 69, 251 38 81)Phone : 781-740-4487 Hyderabad (Phone : 040-24 75 02 47) Jalandhar (Phone : 0181-222 12 72) Kolkata (Phones : 033-22 27 37 73, 22 27 52 47) Lucknow (Phone : 0522-220 95 78) mumbai (Phones : 022-24 91 54 15, 24 92 78 69) Ranchi (Phone : 0651-230 77 64)EET-0556-350-ENGG THERMODYNAMICSC 12751/06/07 Typeset at : Goswami Printers, DelhiPrinted at.

5 Ajit Printers, DelhiDHARMM-therm\ to The Third EditionI am pleased to present the third edition of this book. The warm reception which theprevious editions and reprints of this book have enjoyed all over India and abroad has beena matter of great satisfaction to entire book has been thoroughly revised ; a large number of solved examples (questionshaving been selected from various universities and competitive examinations) and ampleadditional text have been suggestions for the improvement of the book will be thankfully acknowledged andincorporated in the next edition. AuthorPreface to The First EditionSeveral books are available in the market on the subject of ENGINEERING Thermo-dynamics but either they are too bulky or are miserly written and as such do not cover thesyllabii of various Indian Universities effectively.

6 Hence a book is needed which shouldassimilate subject matter that should primarily satisfy the requirements of the students fromsyllabus/examination point of view ; these requirements are completely met by this book entails the following features : The presentation of the subject matter is very systematic and language of the textis quite lucid and simple to understand. A number of figures have been added in each chapter to make the subject matterself speaking to a great extent. A large number of properly graded examples have been added in various chaptersto enable the students to attempt different types of questions in the examinationwithout any difficulty. Highlights, objective type questions, theoretical questions, and unsolved exampleshave been added at the end of each chapter to make the book a complete unit inall author s thanks are due to his wife Ramesh Rajput for rendering all assistanceduring preparation and proof reading of the book.

7 The author is thankful to Mr. Syalfor drawing beautiful and well proportioned figures for the author is grateful to M/s Laxmi Publications for taking lot of pains in bringing outthe book in time and pricing it moderately inspite of heavy cost of the criticism is most welcome from the readers. AuthorContentsChapterPagesIntroduction to Units and Conversion Factors(xvi) (xx)Nomenclature(xxi) (xxii)1. INTRODUCTION OUTLINE OF SOME DESCRIPTIVE Power of a modern steam power Power Combustion of parts of ignition ( ) ignition ( ) of gas and demerits of gas simple gas turbine cycle for a simple-cycle gas BASIC CONCEPTS OF to Kinetic Theory of of , boundary and and Microscopic Points of of \ i iChapterPages( vii )

8 Law of Thermometer and Thermometric of international practical temperature of for of pressure measurement type and Irreversible , Work and and Type PROPERTIES OF PURE of the Pure Change of a Pure (Pressure-temperature) Diagram for a Pure (Pressure-Volume-Temperature) Change Terminology and Diagrams in Common of Terms Relating to Steam Properties of Steam and Steam Work Done During Latent Energy of of of of Wet of Superheated (h-s) Chart or Mollier \ ( viii ) of Dryness Fraction of or bucket and throttling Type FIRST LAW OF of Conservation of Law of of First Law to a A Property of Motion Machine of the First of an Isolated Perfect characteristic equation of s between two specific of specific of First Law of THERMODYNAMICS to Non-flow or of First Law to Steady Flow Relations for Flow Applications of Steady Flow Energy Equation ( ).

9 Or gas water Process and Joule-Thompson Porous Plug and Expansion of Flow Type \ xChapterPages( ix )5. SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS AND of First Law of THERMODYNAMICS and Introduction toSecond of Heat Engines and Reversed Heat of Second Law of of Clausius statement to the Motion Machine of the Second s of Carnot s of the Reversible Heat a property of a of entropy in a reversible and in Entropy of the Entropy of Changes for a Closed case for change of entropy of a a gas at constant Heating a gas at constant process (reversible).. for heat Changes for an Open Third Law of Type AVAILABILITY AND and Unavailable Energy Referred to a in Available Energy When Heat is Transferred Througha Finite Temperature in Non-flow \ ( x ) in Steady-flow and Gibb s Type THERMODYNAMIC of Partial General Thermodynamic Equations (Tds Equations).

10 For Internal Energy and of of expansion and Type IDEAL AND REAL 376 Equation of State for a Perfect Surface of an Ideal Energy and Enthalpy of a Perfect Heat Capacities of an Ideal der Waal s Equation of of Corresponding Type GASES AND VAPOUR \ iChapterPages( xi ) s Law and Gibbs-Dalton Analysis of a Gas Apparent Molecular Weight and Gas Heats of a Gas Mixing of Perfect and Vapour Type 449 of Psychrometry and of air and and and and Type CHEMICAL of Air and Excess Air Fuel (A/F) Ratio from Analysis of to Convert Volumetric Analysis to Weight to Convert Weight Analysis to Volumetric Weight of Carbon in Flue of Flue Gases per kg of Fuel of Exhaust and Flue \ i iChapterPages( xii ) Energy and Enthalpy of of Formation ( Hf).