English - Pearson ELT

1 EnglishGrammarFOURTH EDITIONB etty S. AzarStacy A. HagenFUNDAMENTALS 1/3/11 8:00 AM Page iCONTENTSvContentsPreface to the Fourth Edition .. xAcknowledgments .. xiiiChapter 1 PRESENT TIME .. 11-1 Simple present and present progressive .. 31-2 Forms of the simple present and the present progressive .. 41-3 Frequency adverbs .. 101-4 Singular/plural .. 131-5 Spelling of final -s/-es .. 141-6 Non-action verbs .. 171-7 Present verbs: short answers to yes/no questions .. 20 Chapter 2 PAST TIME .. 262-1 Expressing past time: the simple past .. 262-2 Spelling of -ingand -edforms .. 292-3 The principal parts of a verb.

2 312-4 Common irregular verbs: a reference list .. 322-5 Regular verbs: pronunciation of -edendings .. 392-6 Simple past and past progressive .. 422-7 Expressing past time: using time clauses .. 482-8 Expressing past habit:used to .. 52 Chapter 3 FUTURE TIME .. 553-1 Expressing future time:be going toand will .. 553-2 Forms with be going to .. 563-3 Forms with will .. 603-4 Certainty about the future .. 623-5Be going .. 653-6 Expressing the future in time clauses and if-clauses .. 683-7 Using the present progressive to express future time .. 723-8 Using the simple present to express future time .. 743-9 Immediate future: using be about to.

3 753-10 Parallel verbs .. 77 Chapter 4 PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST PERFECT .. 814-1 Past participle .. 814-2 Present perfect with sinceand for .. 1/3/11 8:00 AM Page vviCONTENTS4-3 Negative, question, and short-answer forms .. 874-4 Present perfect with unspecified time .. 904-5 Simple past vs. present perfect .. 944-6 Present perfect progressive .. 984-7 Present perfect progressive vs. present perfect .. 1014-8 Past perfect .. 108 Chapter 5 ASKING QUESTIONS .. 1115-1 Yes/no questions and short answers .. 1115-2 Yes/no and information questions .. 1145-3 Where,why,when,what time,how come,what.

4 For .. 1175-4 Questions with who,who(m), and what .. 1195-5 Using what a form of do .. 1215-6 Using whichand what kind of .. 1235-7 Using whose .. 1255-8 Using how .. 1275-9 Using how often .. 1295-10 Using how far .. 1315-11 Length of time:it takeand how long .. 1325-12 Spoken and written contractions with question words .. 1345-13 More questions with how .. 1375-14 Using how aboutand what about .. 1385-15 Tag questions .. 140 Chapter 6 NOUNS AND PRONOUNS .. 1466-1 Plural forms of nouns .. 1476-2 Pronunciation of final -s/-es .. 1496-3 Subjects, verbs, and objects .. 1516-4 Objects of prepositions.

5 1536-5 Prepositions of time .. 1566-6 Word order: place and time .. 1576-7 Subject-verb agreement .. 1586-8 Using adjectives to describe nouns .. 1606-9 Using nouns as adjectives .. 1626-10 Personal pronouns: subjects and objects .. 1646-11 Possessive nouns .. 1666-12 Possessive pronouns and adjectives .. 1686-13 Reflexive pronouns .. 1696-14 Singular forms of other .. 1716-15 Plural forms of other:other(s) other(s) .. 1736-16 Summary of forms of other .. 176 Chapter 7 MODAL AUXILIARIES .. 1787-1 The form of modal auxiliaries .. 1787-2 Expressing ability:canand could .. 1807-3 Expressing possibility:may,might,and maybe;Expressing permission:mayand can.

6 1827-4 Using couldto express possibility .. 1847-5 Polite questions:may I,could I,can I .. 1/3/11 8:00 AM Page viCONTENTSvii7-6 Polite questions:would you,could you,will you,can you .. 1897-7 Expressing advice:shouldand ought to .. 1907-8 Expressing advice:had better .. 1917-9 Expressing necessity:have to,have got to,must .. 1937-10 Expressing lack of necessity:do not have to;Expressing prohibition:must not .. 1957-11 Making logical conclusions:must .. 1977-12 Tag questions with modal auxiliaries .. 1997-13 Giving instructions: imperative sentences .. 2007-14 Making suggestions:let sand why don t.

7 2037-15 Stating preferences:prefer,like .. better,would rather .. 204 Chapter 8 CONNECTING IDEAS .. 2088-1 Connecting ideas with and .. 2088-2 Connecting ideas with butand or .. 2108-3 Connecting ideas with so .. 2128-4 Using auxiliary verbs after but .. 2148-5 Using and too,so,either,neither .. 2168-6 Connecting ideas with because .. 2218-7 Connecting ideas with even though/although .. 223 Chapter 9 COMPARISONS .. 2299-1 Making comparisons with as .. as .. 2299-2 Comparative and superlative .. 2339-3 Comparative and superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs .. 2359-4 Completing a comparative .. 2399-5 Modifying comparatives.

8 2409-6 Comparisons with less .. thanand not as ..as .. 2419-7 Using morewith nouns .. 2429-8 Repeating a comparative .. 2449-9 Using double comparatives .. 2459-10 Using superlatives .. 2469-11 Using the same,similar,different,like,alike .. 252 Chapter 10 THE PASSIVE .. 25810-1 Active sentences and passive sentences .. 25810-2 Form of the passive .. 25910-3 Transitive and intransitive verbs .. 26310-4 Using the by-phrase .. 26510-5 Passive modal auxiliaries .. 26910-6 Using past participles as adjectives (non-progressive passive) .. 27110-7 Participial .. 27610-8 Get adjective;get past participle.

9 27810-9 Using be used/accustomed toandget used/accustomed to .. 28210-10 Used used to .. 28410-11 Using be supposed to .. 12/10/10 8:56 AM Page viiChapter 11 COUNT/NONCOUNT NOUNS AND ARTICLES .. 29011-2 Count and noncount nouns .. 29211-3 Noncount nouns .. 29311-4 More noncount nouns .. 29511-5 Using several,a lot of,many/much,and a few/a little .. 29711-6 Nouns that can be count or noncount .. 30011-7 Using units of measure with noncount nouns .. 30211-8 Guidelines for article usage .. 30611-9 Using theor with names .. 31511-10 Capitalization .. 317 Chapter 12 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES.

10 32112-1 Adjective clauses: introduction .. 32112-2 Using whoand thatin adjective clauses to describe people .. 32212-3 Using object pronouns in adjective clauses to describe people .. 32412-4 Using pronouns in adjective clauses to describe things .. 32712-5 Singular and plural verbs in adjective clauses .. 33112-6 Using prepositions in adjective clauses .. 33212-7 Using whosein adjective clauses .. 336 Chapter 13 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES .. 34213-1 Verb gerund .. 34213-2Go -ing .. 34413-3 Verb infinitive .. 34613-4 Verb gerund or infinitive .. 34713-5 Preposition gerund.