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Environmental Technical Manual

SGAR 1 (CAEP9 Steering Group 3 approved revision) Based on Doc 9501, volume I, First Edition International Civil Aviation Organization Committee on Aviation Environmental protection Environmental Technical Manual _____ volume I Procedures for the Noise Certification of Aircraft (ii) Environmental Technical Manual (SGAR 1) (iii) FOREWORD This revision of Doc. 9501, volume I, First Edition, includes material which has been approved by the ICAO Committee on Aviation Environmental protection (CAEP) Steering Group during their third meeting of the CAEP/9 cycle in July 2012. This revision is intended to make the most recent information available to certificating authorities, noise certification applicants and other interested parties in a timely manner, aiming at achieving the highest degree of harmonisation possible. The Technical procedures and equivalent procedures described in this Steering Group approved revision of the ETM are consistent with currently accepted techniques and modern instrumentation.

(iii) FOREWORD This revision of Doc. 9501, Volume I, First Edition, includes material which has been approved by the ICAO Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP) Steering Group during their third meeting of the CAEP/9

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Transcription of Environmental Technical Manual

1 SGAR 1 (CAEP9 Steering Group 3 approved revision) Based on Doc 9501, volume I, First Edition International Civil Aviation Organization Committee on Aviation Environmental protection Environmental Technical Manual _____ volume I Procedures for the Noise Certification of Aircraft (ii) Environmental Technical Manual (SGAR 1) (iii) FOREWORD This revision of Doc. 9501, volume I, First Edition, includes material which has been approved by the ICAO Committee on Aviation Environmental protection (CAEP) Steering Group during their third meeting of the CAEP/9 cycle in July 2012. This revision is intended to make the most recent information available to certificating authorities, noise certification applicants and other interested parties in a timely manner, aiming at achieving the highest degree of harmonisation possible. The Technical procedures and equivalent procedures described in this Steering Group approved revision of the ETM are consistent with currently accepted techniques and modern instrumentation.

2 In this respect this Steering Group approved revision of the ETM is compatible with Amendment 10 of Annex 16, volume I and the changes endorsed by the CAEP Steering Group for Amendment 11 of Annex 16, volume I. This revision and subsequent revisions that may be approved by the CAEP Steering Group will be posted on the ICAO website ( ) under publications until the latest approved revision is submitted to CAEP for formal endorsement and subsequent publication by ICAO. _____ (iv) Environmental Technical Manual (SGAR 1) (iv) (v) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWORD .. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS .. v ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .. xvii Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION .. 1-1 PURPOSE .. 1-1 DOCUMENT STRUCTURE .. 1-1 EXPLANATORY INFORMATION .. 1-1 EQUIVALENT PROCEDURES .. 1-2 Technical PROCEDURES .. 1-2 CONVERSION OF UNITS .. 1-2 REFERENCES.

3 1-2 Chapter 2 GENERAL GUIDELINES .. 2-1 APPLICABILITY OF CURRENT AND PREVIOUS AMENDMENTS TO ANNEX 16, volume I .. 2-1 CHANGES TO AIRCRAFT TYPE DESIGNS INVOLVING DERIVED VERSIONS .. 2-2 CHANGES TO AIRCRAFT TYPE DESIGNS INVOLVING NO-ACOUSTICAL CHANGES .. 2-2 Modifications to helicopters for which changes in noise level(s) need not be determined .. 2-5 RECERTIFICATION .. 2-5 NOISE COMPLIANCE DEMONSTRATION PLANS .. 2-5 NOISE CERTIFICATION REPORTS .. 2-6 Chapter 3 Technical PROCEDURES APPLICABLE FOR NOISE CERTIFICATION OF ALL AIRCRAFT TYPES 3-1 NOISE MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES .. 3-1 Test site selection .. 3-1 Terrain .. 3-1 Grass .. 3-1 Snow .. 3-1 Ploughed fields .. 3-1 Obstructions .. 3-2 Anomalous meteorological conditions .. 3-2 Precautions regarding effects of 3-2 General precautions .. 3-2 Effects of moisture on microphones.

4 3-2 Microphone internal heaters .. 3-3 Calibration of acoustical measurement system .. 3-3 General calibration process .. 3-3 Frequency-dependent system response corrections .. 3-3 Single-frequency level calibrations .. 3-4 Field sound pressure level calibration considerations .. 3-5 Application of calibration corrections .. 3-6 (vi) Environmental Technical Manual (Steering Group approved revision) Calibration traceability .. 3-6 Windscreen insertion loss .. 3-6 Wind speed limitations .. 3-6 Measurement of Atmospheric conditions .. 3-7 Meteorological measurement systems .. 3-7 Aircraft position measurement .. 3-7 Measurement system specifications .. 3-7 Validation of measurement system configuration .. 3-7 Changes in measurement system configuration .. 3-7 Noise compliance demonstration plan .. 3-8 FLIGHT PATH MEASUREMENT .. 3-8 Radar or microwave tracking system.

5 3-8 Aircraft equipment .. 3-9 Ground equipment .. 3-9 Kine-theodolite system .. 3-9 Radar/theodolite triangulation .. 3-10 Photographic scaling .. 3-10 DGPS-based time-space-position information tracking systems .. 3-11 General .. 3-11 System design issues .. 3-12 Coordinate frames and waypoint navigation .. 3-12 Test site 3-13 Receiver output data .. 3-14 Data stored during aircraft noise testing when a real-time data link is used .. 3-14 Data stored during aircraft noise testing when a real-time data link is not used .. 3-14 Real-time DGPS messages .. 3-15 Messages for multi-path testing .. 3-15 System accuracy and sources of DGPS error .. 3-15 Multi-path errors .. 3-16 Characteristics .. 3-16 Code-based system ground station .. 3-16 Carrier-based system ground station .. 3-17 Aircraft installation .. 3-18 Other sources of DGPS error.

6 3-18 Correction latency .. 3-18 Tropospheric delay .. 3-18 Mismatched GPS receivers .. 3-19 Mismatched satellite ephemeris/clock data .. 3-19 (vii) System approval recommendations .. 3-19 Design issues .. 3-20 Data storage (logging) during noise testing .. 3-20 For a system with real-time data link .. 3-20 For a system not using real-time data link .. 3-21 Documentation .. 3-21 Accuracy verification test .. 3-21 Software verification .. 3-21 Ground-station multi-path mitigation and 3-22 All systems .. 3-22 Code-based systems .. 3-22 Airport survey .. 3-22 ON-BOARD FLIGHT DATA ACQUISITION .. 3-22 General .. 3-22 Magnetic tape recording .. 3-23 Automatic still photographic recording .. 3-23 Cine recording .. 3-23 Video recording .. 3-23 TIME SYNCHRONIZATION OF MEASURED DATA .. 3-24 General .. 3-24 TSPI equipment and software approval.

7 3-24 Continuous time-code recording .. 3-24 Recording of single time marker .. 3-25 Measurement of the interval between recorder start and overhead .. 3-25 Setting of internal time-stamp clock .. 3-25 Additional time-synchronization 3-25 CALCULATION OF CONFIDENCE INTERVALS .. 3-26 3-26 Confidence interval for the mean of flight test data .. 3-26 Confidence interval for the sample estimate of the mean of clustered measurements .. 3-26 Confidence interval for mean line obtained by regression .. 3-27 Confidence interval for static-test-derived NPD curves .. 3-29 Confidence interval for analytically derived NPD curves .. 3-30 Adequacy of the model .. 3-31 Choice of engine-related parameter .. 3-31 Choice of regression model .. 3-31 Worked example of the determination of 90 per cent confidence intervals from the pooling of three data sets 3-31 (viii) Environmental Technical Manual (Steering Group approved revision) Introduction.

8 3-31 Confidence interval for a clustered data set .. 3-32 Confidence interval for a first order regression curve .. 3-33 Confidence interval for a second order regression 3-38 Confidence interval for the pooled data set .. 3-38 Student s t-distribution (for 90 per cent confidence) for various degrees of freedom .. 3-39 ADJUSTMENT OF AIRCRAFT NOISE LEVELS FOR THE EFFECTS OF BACKGROUND NOISE .. 3-41 3-41 Definitions .. 3-41 Background noise adjustment procedure .. 3-43 Assumptions .. 3-43 Step-by step description .. 3-43 Determination of pre-detection noise .. 3-43 Determination of post-detection noise .. 3-43 Testing of pre-detection noise versus post-detection noise .. 3-43 Determination of masking 3-44 Identification of masked levels .. 3-44 Determination of Last Good Band .. 3-44 Adjustment of valid levels for background noise.

9 3-44 Adjustment of valid levels for measurement conditions .. 3-44 Reconstruction of low frequency masked bands .. 3-45 Reconstruction of levels for masked high frequency bands .. 3-45 Frequency extrapolation method .. 3-45 Time extrapolation method .. 3-46 Handling of spectra after reconstruction of masked bands .. 3-47 General considerations .. 3-47 Limitations and requirements for any background noise adjustment procedure .. 3-47 Rejection of spectra due to masking .. 3-47 Special tone correction considerations due to masking .. 3-48 Handling of masked data in reference conditions data sets .. 3-48 NOISE REDUCTION SYSTEMS .. 3-48 Variable noise reduction systems .. 3-48 Reference procedures .. 3-49 Test conditions and procedures .. 3-49 Adjustments to measured noise data .. 3-49 Environmental Technical Manual guidance for specific VNRS.

10 3-50 Selectable noise reduction systems .. 3-50 CALCULATION OF THE SPEED OF SOUND .. 3-50 REFERENCE TABLES USED IN THE Manual CALCULATION OF eFFECTIVE PERCEIVEd NOISE LEVEL .. 3-50 Chapter 4 GUIDELINES FOR SUBSONIC JET AEROPLANES, PROPELLER-DRIVEN AEROPLANES (ix) OVER 8 618 KG,AND HELICOPTERS EVALUATED UNDER ANNEX 16, volume I, APPENDIX 2 .. 4-1 EXPLANATORY INFORMATION .. 4-1 Noise measurements .. 4-1 Noise certification test and measurement conditions .. 4-1 Measurement of aircraft noise received on the ground .. 4-8 Calculation of EPNL from measured data .. 4-15 Reporting of data to the certificating authority .. 4-19 Nomenclature: symbols and units .. 4-20 Sound attenuation in air .. 4-20 Adjustment of helicopter flight test results .. 4-20 Adjustment of aeroplane flight test results .. 4-40 EQUIVALENT PROCEDURES INFORMATION.