ES04 Ch01 001-007 - Mr. Jones's Science Website

1 Environmental ScienceStudy 9/19/06 8:51 PM Page iTO THE STUDENTThis Study Guide contains Concept Review worksheets, which can be used inseveral ways to guide you through your textbook. The worksheets can be used asa pre-reading guide to each chapter to help you identify the main concepts ofeach chapter before your initial reading. You can also use the worksheets afterreading each chapter to test your understanding of the chapter s main conceptsand terminology. Finally, you can use the worksheets to prepare for your environ-mental Science exams. Regardless of how you and your teacher use the HoltEnvironmental Science Study Guide,it will help you determine which topicsyou have learned well and which topics you need to study by Holt, Rinehart and WinstonAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted inany form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording,or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing fromthe using HOLT ENVIRONMENTAL Science may photocopy complete pages insufficient quantities for classroom use only and not for the Owl Design are trademarks licensed to Holt, Rinehart and Winston,registered in the United States of America and/or other jurisdictions.

2 Printed in the United States of AmericaISBN-13: 978-0-03-093112-3 ISBN-10: 0-03-093112-61 2 3 4 5 6 7 862 09 08 07 06If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge, Holt, Rinehartand Winston retains title to the materials and they may not be resold. Resale ofexamination copies is strictly of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert thispublication, or any portion of it, into electronic 9/19/06 8:51 PM Page iiConcept Review WorksheetsScience and the Environment.. 1 Tools of Environmental Science .. 3 The Dynamic Earth.. 5 The Organization of Life.. 7 How Ecosystems Work.. 9 Biomes.. 11 Aquatic Ecosystems.. 13 Understanding Populations.. 15 The Human Population.. 17 Biodiversity.. 19 Water.. 21 Air.. 23 Atmosphere and Climate Change.. 25 Land.. 27 Food and Agriculture.. 29 Mining and Mineral Resources.

3 31 Nonrenewable Energy.. 33 Renewable Energy.. 35 Waste.. 37 The Environment and Human Health.. 39 Economics, Policy, and the Future.. 41 Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights Environmental ScienceiiiStudy 12/13/02 7:39 PM Page 12/13/02 7:39 PM Page ivCopyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights Environmental Science1 Science and the EnvironmentMATCHINGIn the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches theterm or of growing, breeding, and caring forplants and animals used for a variety of of how living things interact with eachother and with their nonliving between short-term interests of individuals and long-term welfare of number and variety of the speciesin an of how humans interact with the describing the relationship between anitem s availability and its by low population growth rate,high life expectancy, and diverse by high population growth rate,low energy use, and very low personal in which a human population can sur-vive material that can be replaced relativelyquickly through natural processesMULTIPLE CHOICEIn the space provided.

4 Write the letter of the term orphrase that best completes each statement or best answers each of the following sciences contribute to the field of environmentalscience? and and earth of the aboveNameClassDateConcept ReviewSkills of and demandc. The Tragedy of theCommons 12/13/02 6:33 PM Page 1 Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights Environmental Science2 Science and the EnvironmentNameClassDateConcept Review of the following make up the three major categories of environmentalproblems of the period of human history known as the , humanpopulations grew rapidly because of advances in farming Revolutionc. Tragedy of the Commons major changes in human society and the environment occurredduring the industrial revolution ? lived in small tribes; many mammals went plants were altered; forest was replaced with fuel consumption, technological efficiency, and environmentalpollution grazing areas were replaced with closed did hunter-gatherers do to alter the environment?

5 Plants to new prairie to maintain large of the nations make up about percent of the world spopulation and consume about percent of its , , , , s Tragedy of the Commons essay addressed the conflictsassociated with which environmental challenge? shared ecological footprint for a person in a particular country takes intoaccount what requirements of supporting that individual? used for area that absorbs taken up by of the to create a sustainable society strive to achieve what? resource population resource on cost-benefit analysis balances the cost of an action who benefit from the who perform the consumers and taxpayers are willing to benefits one expects to 12/13/02 6:33 PM Page CHOICEC hoose the best response. Write the letter of that choice in the space it is not possible to conduct an experiment, scientists test theirpredictions by for one a essential feature of every good experiment is that it a a single (a) and (b) experimental method includes which of the following steps?

6 Skeptical, organizing data, and analyzing conclusions, being open to new ideas, and , hypothesizing, predicting, experimenting, and communi-cating curious, imagining, being able to see patterns, observing, is not a description of a good hypothesis? makes logical is a testable explanation of an follows from what you already know about a is a guess based on previous by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights Environmental Science3 Tools of Environmental ScienceMATCHINGIn the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches theterm or ReviewSkills logical statement about what will happenin an verbal or graphical explanation for howa system works or how it is an experiment, that which does notreceive the experimental treatment three-dimensional model you can or standards considered to beimportant probability of an unwanted gathered during an designed to test a hypothesis and classification of 12/13/02 5:06 PM Page 3 Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

7 All rights Environmental Science4 Tools of Environmental ScienceNameClassDateConcept Review of the key habits of mind of scientists is , whichallows scientists to expand the boundaries of what we road map is an example of are not used by scientists of the above _____ a scientific investigation, the size of the sample population should belarge enough the probability of an unwanted an accurate estimate of the whole resemble the system they of the you consider what will add to our understanding of the naturalworld in making an environmental decision, you are examining a(n) is the first step in an environmental decision-making model? the consequences of each which values apply to the a information. you examine a scientific value in making an environmental deci-sion, what is right or what will maintain human your understanding of the natural about what will promote of the following is a possible short-term consequence of creat-ing a nature preserve?

8 In habitat increase in property values near the restriction of recreational activities on private land within the pre-serve by state of the 12/13/02 5:06 PM Page 4 Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights Environmental Science5 The Dynamic EarthMATCHINGIn the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches between warm and cold water in anocean or a pieces that compose the mountain built from of energy through movements in the ocean that are drivenby the of Earth between the crust and the molecule made up of three oxygen streams or rivers that flow into total quantity of dissolved salts in the in Earth s crustMULTIPLE CHOICEIn the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completeseach statement or best answers each part of Earth that contains the air we breathe is called thin outermost layer of the solid Earth is called earthquake of magnitude releases how much more energy thanan earthquake of magnitude the times the hundred times the of the aboveNameClassDateConcept ReviewSkills 12/13/02 5:11 PM Page 5 Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

9 All rights Environmental Science6 The Dynamic EarthNameClassDateConcept Review occur at tectonicplate boundaries that past one from (a) and (c) removal and transportof surface material by windand water is stratosphere is theatmospheric layer above of the following gasesis an important greenhousegas? most abundant gas inEarth s atmosphere transfer of heat by aircurrents (or currents in aliquid) is warmest temperaturezone of the ocean is movements ofcold, dense water near theocean floor are of the most importantroles of the ocean is oxygen to the heat near temperatures inEarth s ultraviolet narrow layer of Earthwhere life-supporting condi-tions exist is called respect to matter,Earth is open closed most important dissolvedelements in ocean water and and and and 12/13/02 5:11 PM Page 6 Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

10 All rights Environmental Science7 The Organization of LifeMATCHINGIn the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best matches thedescription. NameClassDateConcept ReviewSkills individual living group of various species that live in thesame place and interact with each or once living part of an survival and reproduction thatresults from the presence or absence ofparticular the organisms living in an area andtheir physical in the genetic characteristics of a population from one generation tothe the members of the same species thatlive in the same place at the same part of an of one or more organisms to tolerate a particular chemical designed to kill of organisms that are closelyrelated and that can mate to producefertile offspringMULTIPLE CHOICEIn the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completeseach statement or best answers each kind of habitat does a red backed salamander need to survive?