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1 Patricia EllmanEnglish grammar For EconomicsAnd BusinessFor students & professors with english as a Foreign LanguageDownload free books atDownload free eBooks at Patricia EllmanEnglish grammar For Economics And Business For students & professors with english as a Foreign LanguageDownload free eBooks at english grammar For Economics And Business: For students & professors with english as a Foreign Language2nd edition 2014 Patricia Ellman & 978-87-403-0653-8 Download free eBooks at on the ad to read moreEnglish grammar For Economics And Business4 ContentsContents Acknowledgements 7 Introductory Remarks and Reference Works Consulted 81 Explanations of Common Errors in Alphabetical Order 222 Confusion Between Certain Words 863 Notes on Style 1034 The Finishing Touches.

2 22 Basic Tips for the Final Editing of Texts and Theses a Checklist 114 Download free eBooks at on the ad to read moreEnglish grammar For Economics And Business5 Contents5 Everything You Always Wanted to Know about the Definite and the Indefinite Article (but Were too Confused to Know Where to Begin) 118 Section 1: Analysis of presence or absence of the definite articles in various foreign languages 123 Section 2: The first Diagnostic Test 133 Section 3: The most widely-used constructions using the definite and indefinite articles 140 Section 4: Final remarks on the use of the and a/an (not always as articles) 157 Section 5: Reference essay: A key to the application of the 80 Rules for using/not using the articles 164 Section 6: Concluding remarks to Chapter 5 1866 About the Author 1887 Endnotes 189 Deloitte & Touche LLP and affiliated the truth at Deloitte & Touche LLP and affiliated the truth at Deloitte & Touche LLP and affiliated the truth at Deloitte & Touche LLP and affiliated the truth at Download free eBooks at I will not go down to posterity talking bad grammar .

3 Benjamin Disraeli1 (written when correcting the proofs of his last Parliamentary speech on 31 March 1881)2 Download free eBooks at grammar For Economics And Business7 AcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsFirst, I must thank all the economics and business students who provided the raw material ( the grammatical errors) and raison d tre for this guide. I am equally grateful to Professor Peter Nijkamp and the late Professor Piet Rietveld of the Department of Spatial Economics at the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration (including the Center for Entrepreneurship) of the VU University of Amsterdam for kindly giving their time to read the first draft, and suggesting a number of additional points of english grammar that often perplex writers of english as a foreign language.

4 In addition, Professor Jeroen van den Bergh of the Department of Economics and Economic History at the Universitat Aut noma de Barcelona, Spain, went through the whole text forensically, and gave valuable feedback. And, at a later stage, Professor Peter Wakker of Erasmus University, Rotterdam allowed me access to his own 84-page aide-memoire on the intricacies of english usage, which generated some extra ideas. Many thanks also go to Ada Kromhout of the Writing Skills Department of the University of Amsterdam, who wordprocessed an earlier much shorter draft, and set an immaculate standard for the layout of later drafts. For a later but not final version, special thanks are due to Ellen Woudstra, Editor at the VU Department of Spatial Economics.

5 And I much appreciated the friendly encouragement and practical assistance given by Elfie Bonke of the VU Secretariat which helped me persevere with this task. My usual role in the Faculty is just to correct english grammar ; writing about it is quite another matter when there are so many exceptions to the rule and divided opinions. Finally, I am indebted to Miriam Drori, editor and author, for her thorough dedicate this book to my dear husband, Michael. In my attempts to create example sentences, relevant for the target audience, he was a patient sounding board. Patricia EllmanAmsterdam, 2013 Download free eBooks at grammar For Economics And Business8 Introductory Remarks and Reference Works ConsultedIntroductory Remarks and Reference Works ConsultedThe following points of english grammar , style and presentation are those which are most relevant for economics and business students with fairly advanced english as a Foreign Language (EFL).

6 This guide represents a distillation on a need-to-know basis of the myriad points of grammar found in standard textbooks. Some students with EFL have access to in-house english courses, but many do not, and those who do often say they are too general to be useful. The selected solecisms mainly concern the most common types of error that I have encountered over the course of 30 years, when working on around 2000 texts (articles, theses and books, both single- and multi-author) produced by EFL and students and academics. My client base includes authors from many different countries ( the Netherlands, Italy, Portugal including the Canary Islands, France, the Central and Eastern European countries, Morocco, Turkey, Ethiopia, Pakistan, Indonesia, and China.)

7 They write on a wide range of subjects, such as taxation policy, corporate social responsibility, educational economics, environmental economics (including insurance and measures taken against flood risk; road pricing; containerization; and airport logistics), urbanization processes, and network theory applied to other things, the guide tackles such constantly recurring grammatical problems as: How to correctly place those slippery words: already, also, often and only in a sentence; When to use, or not use, the definite and indefinite articles (the, a/an); How to decide whether to use like or such as; When to use less and fewer, few and little, big, large and great; and How to choose between compared to and compared many cases, there is a clear right or wrong usage, but sometimes it is a case of knowing what is formal style, suitable for scholarly texts, and what is informal and therefore inappropriate in such texts.

8 On a few occasions, it is simply a question of making a choice between two equally acceptable forms, and then sticking to that choice help with my explanations, I have consulted the following works:Atkinson, Max, Lend me Your Ears. All you need to know about making speeches and presentations, Random House, UK, 2004. (An invaluable reference work for those, like Dutch students, who have to defend their thesis, often in english , in public.)Download free eBooks at grammar For Economics And Business9 Introductory Remarks and Reference Works ConsultedBaron, Kathleen, Teach Yourself Good english . A practical book of self-instruction in english Composition (based on the work by Thornton, completely revised and enlarged), The english Universities Press Ltd, London, UK, 2004.

9 Billingham, Jo, Editing and Revising Text, one step ahead series, Oxford University Press, New York, 2002. Bourdieu, P. & J-C. Passeron, Introduction: Language and the relationship to language in the teaching situation . In: P. Bordieu, J-C. Passeron and M. de Saint Martin, Academic Discourse, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1994. Bronk, Richard, The Romantic Economist. Imagination in Economics, Cambridge University Press, 2009. (See the Notes on Style in Chapter 2 of this guide.)Bryson, Bill, Troublesome Words, Penguin Books, Third Edition, 2002. (Written with the authority of a former subeditor of The Times.)Bryson, Bill, Bryson s Dictionary for Writers and Editors, Doubleday, London, , Joy, Righting english that has gone Dutch, Kemper Conseil, Voorburg, 2004.

10 (A unique guide aimed especially at Dutch users of english and their particular problems.)Canoy, Marcel, Bertrand meets the fox and the owl. Essays on the theory of price competition, thesis, Tinbergen Institute Research Series, no. 48, Thesis Publishers, Amsterdam, 1993. (A model thesis written in english by a Dutch economics student.)Carter, Ronald & Michael McCarthy, Cambridge grammar of english . A Comprehensive Guide. Spoken and Written english . grammar and Usage, Cambridge University Press, 2006. (This directs the reader to the website: , a collection of common mistakes, and has a useful section on academic grammar .)Concise Oxford english Dictionary, 11th edition, Oxford University Press, New York, , Vivian, Accommodating Broccoli in the Cemetery, or Why can t anybody spell?