ETHIOPIA: Country Gender Profile - JICA

1 FINAL REPORT ethiopia : Country Gender Profile December 2006 WABEKBON development Consultant PLC This information presented here was gathered from on-site sources. Therefore, JICA is not responsible for its accuracy. iTable of Contents 1. BASIC Profile ..1 Socio Economic Profile ..1 Health Education Profile .. 4 2. GENERAL SITUATION OF WOMEN AND GOVERNMENT POLICY ON Gender ..5 General 5 Government Policy on Legislation ..8 Codes and subsidiary Laws ..8 Policies and Programs on Women/ Gender ..10 National Machinery Entrusted with Women s Issues ..15 Structures of Women's Affairs ..15 Other Relevant Organizations to women s issues ..17 Political Participation .. 18 Women in the Legislative Body ..18 Women in the Women in the executive branch ..19 3. CURRENT SITUATION OF WOMEN BY Education ..20 General Situation.

2 20 Education Budget and Expenditure ..20 Gender in Education ..21 Health .. 24 General Information ..24 Health Infrastructure ..25 Women s Current Health Budget Allocation and Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries ..28 General Information ..28 Land Agricultural Economic Women and Micro-and Small Enterprises ..31 Participation in labor .. 32 The Role of UN Organizations and NGOs in Improving Women Status ..34 United Nations (UN) Organizations ..34 Non-Governmental Organizations ..34 4. WID/ Gender PROJECTS BY DONORS ..36 5. Gender INFORMATION SOURCES ..38 List of Government, International Organizations, NGOs and Consultants ..38 List of Reports and References Related to Gender ..43 References ..45 Definitions ..47 Annexes: Basic Data ..49 iiAbbreviations BDS Business development support CBR Crude Birth Rate CDR Crude Death Rate CERTWID Center for Research Training and Information on Women in development CMR Child Mortality Rate CPR Contraceptive Prevalence Rate CSOs Civil Service Organizations EPI Expanded Program for Immunization ESDP Education Sector development Program EWLA Ethiopian Women Lawyers Association FP Family Planning GDP Gross Domestic Product GER Gross Enrolment Ratio HIV/AIDS Human Immuno Virus/Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome HTPs Harmful Traditional Practices IGS Institute of Gender Studies IIRR International Institute of Rural Reconstruction ILO

3 International Labor Organization IMR Infant Mortality Rate JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency MOARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural development MOE Ministry of Education MOFED Ministry of Finance and Economic development MOH Ministry of Health MoTI-WAD Ministry of Trade and Industry- Women s Affairs Department MoWA Ministry of Women s Affairs NCTPE National Committee for Traditional Practices Eradication NEWA Network of Ethiopian Women s Associations NFE Non-formal Education NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations PADETES Participatory Demonstration and Training Extension AgentsPASDEP Plan for Accelerated and Sustainable development to End Poverty PCDP Pastoral Community development Project PHS Primary Health Services SACCO Saving and Credit Cooperatives SNNPR Southern Nations, Nationalities, People Region STIs sexually transmitted infections TBA Traditional Birth Attendants TFR Total Fertility Rate TTCs Teacher Training College TTIs Teacher Training Institute TVET Technical and Vocational Education and Training iiiUNDP United Nation development Program USD US Dollar WABs Women Affairs Bureaus WEAs Women Entrepreneurs Associations WIDF Women Initiatives development Fund 11.

4 BASIC Profile Socio Economic Profile Table 1. Macroeconomic Indicators Indicators 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 Real GDP Growth (percent change) Overall inflation at Country level (percent ) Domestic Revenue (percent of GDP) Total Public Expenditure (percent GDP) Official Exchange Rate (Birr/USD) GDP at current market (Million Birr) 62, 68, 83, 95, at constant factor cost (Million Birr) 69, 67, 75, 82, : Plan for Accelerated and Sustainable development to End Poverty (PASDEP), Ministry of Finance and Economic development , 2005.

5 Table 2. Structure of GDP Indicators Year 2004/05 Real GDP Growth Rate Agricultural GDP Growth rate 12 Primary School Completion Rate (percent ) 40 Primary School Enrolment (percent ) 79 Percent of Population with Access to Potable Water ( ) 42 Ratio of girls to Boys in Primary School Infant Mortality Rate 97 per 1000 Maternal Mortality Rate (per 100,000) 871 per 100,000 Contraceptive Prevalence Rate 23 HIV/AIDS Prevalence rate Primary Health Coverage with in 10 km 64 Surface Area ( ) million Source: PASDEP - Ministry of Finance and Economic development , 2005. 2 Health Profile Table 3. Health Indicators Indicator 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 Total population 67,220,000 69,127,021 71,066,00073,043,510 PHS Coverage (percent ) 61 64 PHS Coverage (percent )* EPI Coverage (percent )** health Service Utilization NA CPR (percent ) 23 Antenatal Coverage (percent )

6 Number of Facilities Hospitals 115 119 126 131 Health Centers 412 451 519 600 Health Stations 2452 2396 1797 1662 health Posts 1311 1432 2899 4211 Private Clinics 1235 1229 1299 1578 Pharmacies 311 302 275 276 Drug Shops 309 299 375 381 Rural Drug Vendors 1856 1888 1783 NA Human Resources ( in service) Physicians 1888 2032 1996 2453 health officers 484 631 683 776 Nurses 12838 14160 15544 18809 Health assistants 8149 6856 6628 6363 Para medicals 3824 4641 5215 6259 health Extension Workers NA NA NA 2737 Human Resources (graduate) Specialists 91 103 96 183 General Practitioners 152 182 193 309 health Officers 183 181 249 333 Nurses 1562 1465 2374 4236 Para medicals 656 1054 999 803 Health Extension Workers NA NA 2737 7090 Source: Ministry of Health, Health and Health Related Indicators, 2005 3 Table 4.

7 Vital Statistics 2000-2005 Region CBR per 1000 CDR per 1000 TFR IMR per 1000 CMR per 1000 Under 5 MR per 1000 Tigray 102 73 148 Afar 99 145 Amhara 96 80 138 Oromia 98 142 Somilia 83 119 Ben-Gumuz 40 117 111 173 SNNPR 107 157 Gamgella 80 126 113 Hareri 12

8 93 135 Addis Ababa 61 83 Dire Dawa 37 94 136 National 140 Source: Ministry of Health, Health and Health Related Indicators, 2005. 4 Education Profile Table 5. Education Profile of Male and Female in ethiopia 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 Gross Enrolment Rate (GER) of Primary (1-8) in (%) Male Female Total Gross Enrolment of Secondary School (9-10) in (%)

9 Male Female Total Source: Ministry of Education, Educational Statistics Annual Abstract, 2004/05. Table 6. Enrolment in Higher Education Institutions (Percent of male and Female) Programs 2000/012001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 Diploma both at government and non government institutions Male Female Total 100 100 100 100 Undergraduate Degree both in government and Non-government institutions Male Female Total 100 100 100

10 100 Postgraduate second Degree in government institution Male 93 Female 7 Total 100 100 100 100 Postgraduate PhD in government institutions Male NA NA 100 100 Female NA NA 0 0 Total NA NA 100 100 Source: Ministry of Education, Educatio