Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design

1 BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 1997 -1:2004 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design part 1: General rulesThe European Standard EN 1997 -1:2004 has the status of a British StandardICS EN 1997 -1:2004 This British Standard, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 22 December 2004 BSI 22 December 2004 ISBN 0 580 45212 3 National forewordThis British Standard is the official English language version of EN 1997 -1:2004. It supersedes DD ENV 1997 -1:1995 which is structural Eurocodes are divided into packages by grouping Eurocodes for each of the main materials, concrete, steel, composite concrete and steel, timber, masonry and aluminium, this is to enable a common date of withdrawal (DOW) for all the relevant parts that are needed for a particular design . The conflicting national standards will be withdrawn at the end of the coexistence publication of the EN, there is a period of 2 years allowed for the national calibration period during which the National annex is issued, followed by a three year coexistence period.

2 During the coexistence period Member States will be encouraged to adapt their national provisions to withdraw conflicting national rules before the end of the coexistent period. The Commission in consultation with Member States is expected to agree the end of the coexistence period for each package of the end of this coexistence period, the national standard(s) will be the UK, the corresponding national standards are: BS 6031:1981, Code of practice for earthworks; BS 8004:1986, Code of practice for foundations; BS 8081:1989, Code of practice for ground anchorages; BS 8002:1994, Code of practice for earth retaining structures; BS 8006:1995, Code of practice for strengthened/reinforced soils and other fills; BS 8008:1996, Safety precautions and procedures for the construction and descent of machine-bored shaftsfor piling and other purposes; BS 5930:1999, Code of practice for site investigations.

3 And based on this transition period, these standards will be withdrawn on a date to be UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/526, Geotechnics, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the issued since publicationAmd. No. DateCommentsBS EN 1997 -1:2004iA list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its a normative part of this EN allows for a choice to be made at the national level, the range and possible choice will be given in the normative text, and a note will qualify it as a Nationally Determined Parameter (NDP).

4 NDPs can be a specific value for a factor, a specific level or class, a particular method or a particular application rule if several are proposed in the enable EN 1997 -1 to be used in the UK, the NDPs will be published in a National annex, which will be made available by BSI in due course, after public consultation has taken British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled International Standards Correspondence Index , or by using the Search facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, page i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 167 and a back BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROP ENNE EUROP ISCHE NORM EN 1997 -1 November 2004 ICS Supersedes ENV 1997 -1:1994 English version Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design - part 1: General rules Eurocode 7: Calcul g otechnique - Partie 1: R gles g n rales Eurocode 7: Entwurf, Berechnung und Bemessung in der Geotechnik - Teil 1: Allgemeine Regeln This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 April 2004.

5 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

6 EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROP EN DE NORMALISATION EUROP ISCHES KOMITEE F R NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1997 -1:2004: EContents 5 Section 1 General .. 9 9 Normative references .. 10 11 Distinction between Principles and Application 11 Definitions ..12 Symbols ..13 Section 2 Basis of Geotechnical design .. 19 design 19 design situations .. 21 Durability .. 22 Geotechnical design by calculation .. 23 design by prescriptive measures .. 35 Load tests and tests on experimental 36 Observational 36 Geotechnical design 36 Section 3 Geotechnical 38 38 Geotechnical investigations .. 38 Evaluation of Geotechnical 39 Ground Investigation 47 Section 4 Supervision of construction, monitoring and maintenance.

7 49 49 49 Checking ground 51 Checking construction .. 52 Monitoring ..53 54 Section 5 Fill, dewatering, ground improvement and 55 55 Fundamental 55 Fill construction .. 55 59 Ground improvement and 60 Section 6 Spread foundations .. 61 61 Limit Actions and design 61 design and construction 61 Ultimate limit state 62 Serviceability limit state design .. 65 Foundations on rock; additional design 67 Structural design of spread 68 Preparation of the 68 Section 7 Pile 70 70 Limit Actions and design 70 EN 1997 1:20042EN -7991:1(4002E) design methods and design 72 Pile load 74 Axially loaded 76 Transversely loaded 86 Structural design of 88 Supervision of 88 Section 8 Anchorages .. 91 91 Limit states ..92 design situations and 92 design and construction 93 Ultimate limit state design .

8 94 Serviceability limit state 95 Suitability Acceptance tests .. 96 Supervision and 96 Section 9 Retaining structures .. 97 97 Limit states ..97 Actions, geometrical data and design 98 design and construction 101 Determination of earth pressures .. 102 Water pressures .. 105 Ultimate limit state design .. 105 Serviceability limit state 109 Section 10 Hydraulic failure .. 111 111 Failure by uplift .. 112 Failure by heave .. 114 Internal 114 Failure by piping .. 115 Section 11 Overall stability .. 117 117 Limit states .. 117 Actions and design 117 design and construction 118 Ultimate limit state design .. 119 Serviceability limit state 121 121 Section 12 123 123 Limit states .. 123 Actions and design 123 design and construction 124 Ultimate limit state design .

9 125 Serviceability limit state 126 Supervision and 126 Annex A (normative) Partial and correlation factors for ultimate limit states and recommended values .. 128 Annex B (informative) Background information on partial factors for design Approaches 1, 2 and 138 Annex C (informative) Sample procedures to determine limit values of earth pressures on vertical 141 Annex D (informative) A sample analytical method for bearing resistance 156 EN 1997 1:20043 Annex E (informative) A sample semi-empirical method for bearing resistance Annex F (informative) Sample methods for settlement Annex G (informative) A sample method for deriving presumed bearing resistance for spread foundations on Annex H (informative) Limiting values of structural deformation and foundation Annex J (informative) Checklist for construction supervision and performance monitoring.

10 166 EN 1997 1:20044EN -7991:1(4002E)Foreword This document (EN 1997 -1) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC250 Structural Eurocodes , the secretariat of which is held by BSI. CEN/TC 250 is responsible for all Structural Eurocodes. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text, or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2005 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn by March 2010. This document supersedes ENV 1997 -1:1994. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.