European Exploration - Ms. Sanders' Texas History Class

1 96 Chapter 5 European Exploration1492 1700 SECTION1 Europe Eyes the AmericasSECTION2 Spanish Explorers Come to TexasSECTION3 The French Explore Texas145015001550160016501700 VIEW THET exas on TapeCHAPTER 5 VIDEO leads expedition into Texas1537 Cabeza de Vaca reports on Texas1542De Soto Moscoso expeditionreaches East Texas1685La Salle establishesFort St. LouisBen Carter,Conquistadors in the New World1682 Spaniards establish thefirst Texas mission, Corpus Christi de la Ysleta1610 Juan de O ateestablishes Santa Fe1519 lvarez de Pi edaexplores GulfCoast of Texas1492 Columbus reachesthe AmericasAll over the land are vastand handsomepastures, withgood grass for cattle, and it strikes me thesoil would bevery fertile werethe countryinhabited explorer lvar N ezCabeza de Vaca096-097_COTXSE_2_05_p 11/18/02 8:53 AM Page 96 European Exploration 97 Before You ReadHave you ever moved to a new town, city, orcountry?

2 How did it feel to be new? How didothers react to you? People move to unfamiliarplaces for many reasons, such as to find abetter job. Moving to a new location has advan-tages and about how it feels to be the new person how others treat new people why someone might choose to move to a newtown, city, or country the advantages and disadvantages of movingAs You ReadExplorers came from Europe to the Americasfor a variety of reasons. European expeditions to Texas affected not only the members of theexploration but also the native groups whoalready lived in the area. Completing thisgraphic organizer for Chapter 5 will help youunderstand why explorers came to Texas andhow their presence affected Native Texans. Copy the chart in your Texas Notebook. As you read the chapter, note in the secondcolumn each expedition s motivation for coming to Texas .

3 In the third column, summarize how the un-familiar surroundings affected the expedition. In the fourth column, summarize how theexpedition s arrival affected the Native InformationBen Carlton Mead,Coronado s ComingEXPEDITIONWHY INIMPACT ONIMPACT ONTEXASEXPEDITIONNATIVE TEXANSNarv ezCabeza de VacaCoronadoLa Salle096-097_COTXSE_2_05_p 11/18/02 8:53 AM Page 97 Europe Eyes the Americas 1 Europe Eyes the Americas98 Chapter 5 Why It Matters NowColumbus s voyages led to further European Exploration and colonization, forever changing the & NAMESOBJECTIVESMAIN IDEAC hristopher Columbus,Queen Isabella, KingFerdinand, expedition,Hispaniola, colony and describe Columbus sexplorations of the Americas for Spain. important events related to theeventual European Exploration of and interpret information frommaps.

4 Propelled by Europe s goal of findingnew trade routes to Asia, ChristopherColumbus sailed to the , not until after his deathwould the value of his discoverytruly be journey under-taken by a group of people with a definite purposeWrite your response to Interact with History in your Texas You Do? Spanish helmetImagine that you have the opportunity to sail withChristopher Columbus on one of his voyages. Life aboardship is hard; food and water tend to spoil, and shipsoften wreck in storms. Nevertheless, the promise offame and fortune has led thousands to risk their lives at sea. Knowing the risks as well as the potential forwealth and fame, would you sign on as a crew memberfor a voyage to the unknown? Why or why not?Spain Expands Its InfluenceYears of war and poverty in Spain had given way to restlessness amongSpanish adventurers.

5 They wanted new challenges, opportunities, andfortunes. In the late 1400s Christopher Columbus, an explorer born inGenoa, Italy, persuaded Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain topay for his told her he would find a new route across theAtlantic Ocean to Cathay, the European name for had taught himself Spanish, Portuguese, and other educated Europeans of his time, he knew that the earth wasround. Because of this, he believed that he could sail westward to reachAsia faster and easier than traveling eastward. Once he reached Asia,profitable trade routes could be established between Spain and theIndies. Queen Isabella agreed that trade with Asia would be very valu-able to Spain. As an enthusiastic Catholic, she also supported the oppor-tunity to spread the Catholic religion to some opposed the idea, Columbus received the Spanishmonarch s approval and funding for his voyage.

6 On August 3, 1492,Columbus set sail for Asia. From Spain, Columbus sailed the Ni a,thePinta,and the Santa Mar asouth to the Canary Islands, off the westChristopher Columbus099 11/18/02 9:13 AM Page 98 European Exploration 99coast of Africa. He hoped to catch the trade winds that blow from eastto west across the Atlantic Ocean. These winds would move his shipsquickly across the ocean, hopefully to the AmericasLand was sighted on October 12, 1492, and Columbus s explorers setfoot on an island they believed to be in the Indies, in Southeast named the new land San Salvador, meaning Holy Savior. Columbusnamed the helpful and friendly native people Columbusdidn t know was that his ships had landed among the islands we knowtoday as the Bahamas. Furthermore, the inhabitants actually were theTaino people of the Caribbean region, not natives of the quickly sailed on in search of the riches he had promisedthe Spanish monarchs.

7 He was allowed to keep a percentage of theseriches for himself. For the next several months, Columbus traveled tomany islands. He visited Cuba and an island the Spaniards named LaEspa ola, later called Ferdinand and Queen Isabella agreed to finance othervoyages. However, Columbus s later trips were not just to explorethe unknown, but to conquer it. He was joined by his brotherBartholomew, soldiers, and settlers to colonize the new lands forSpain. Bartholomew established the first permanent colonyonHispaniola and named it Santo all, Columbus made four journeys to the Americas forSpain, exploring parts of the Bahamas, Hispaniola, Cuba, Dominica,Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Central America, and South America. Hefailed, however, to find a new trade route to Asia or to bring fabulousriches back to Spain.

8 Moreover, reports began to reach Queen Isabellacolonya land claimed for andcontrolled by a distant nation FPORMODERN CARGO SHIPSPECS: 2_05_1_07_PSHIPSThe ships that explorers used in earlier timeswere constructed very differently from today s ships. TheSanta Mar awas a cargo ship made of wood, with fivesails. It was powered by the wind and could travel at mostabout 100 miles a day. A tiller was used to steer; the ship swheel wouldn t be invented for another 200 years. TheSanta Mar ahit a reef and sank on Christmas Day, the fifteenth century, shipbuilding technology haschanged. Now ships are made with steel and use steam,gas, or nuclear power to cover 100 miles in a few hours. How might History have changed if the early ships hadbeen made of the materials we use today?

9 The Santa Mar aModern cargo shipBefore the compass was in-vented, sailors navigated theirroutes by studying the stars and the sun. They also usedtheir knowledge of the winds,tides, and special out on the open sea,however, sailors needed a navi-gational tool that did not rely onlandmarks. The magneticcompass had beenused earlier by Chi-nese and Arab sail-ors. It was first usedin Europe during thetwelfth century. Itused the earth s mag-netic field to point asclose to north as possi-ble. Why is it valuable toknow which direction is north?To ScienceImage notavailable foruse on CD-ROM. Pleaserefer to theimage in 11/18/02 9:13 AM Page 99100 Chapter 5and King Ferdinand that Columbus and others had enslaved, tortured, orkilled thousands of the native Taino people in the Caribbean.

10 The angrySpanish monarchs withdrew their support of further explorations byColumbus. Other European explorers, however, soon followed Columbusin search of riches and new lands to conquer. The race to explore and colo-nize the Americas had officially NTropic of Cancer20 N0 Equator80 W60 W40 W20 WCaribbeanSeaATLANTIC OCEANNORTHAMERICASOUTH AMERICAAFRICAEUROPESPAINBAHAMASC anaryIslands(Spain)CUBADOMINICAJAMAICAGU ADELOUPESAN SALVADORHISPANIOLAC dizSanto DomingoPalosFort NavidadFirst voyage, 1492 1493 Second voyage, 1493 1494 Third voyage, 1498 1500 Fourth voyage, 1502 150401000 Miles1500 Kilometers0 Even though Columbus s first voyage did not result in a new route to Asia, Spain still financed three more voyages to the Americas. During which voyages did Columbus explore the mainland of the Americas?