Expert Oracle Database 11g Administration - lob.de

1 Page i Monday, October 20, 2008 12:58 PM. Expert Oracle Database 11g Administration . Sam R. Alapati Page ii Monday, October 20, 2008 12:58 PM. Expert Oracle Database 11g Administration Copyright 2009 by Sam R. Alapati All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher. ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4302-1015-3. ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4302-1016-0. Printed and bound in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1. Trademarked names may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark.

2 Lead Editor: Jonathan Gennick Developmental Editor: Douglas Pundick Technical Reviewer: John Watson Editorial Board: Clay Andres, Steve Anglin, Mark Beckner, Ewan Buckingham, Tony Campbell, Gary Cornell, Jonathan Gennick, Michelle Lowman, Matthew Moodie, Jeffrey Pepper, Frank Pohlmann, Ben Renow-Clarke, Dominic Shakeshaft, Matt Wade, Tom Welsh Project Manager: Richard Dal Porto Copy Editor: Ami Knox Associate Production Director: Kari Brooks-Copony Production Editor: Laura Cheu Compositors: Susan Glinert Stevens, Ellie Fountain Proofreader: April Eddy Indexer: John Collin Cover Designer: Kurt Krames Manufacturing Director: Tom Debolski Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 233 Spring Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10013. Phone 1-800-SPRINGER, fax 201-348-4505, e-mail or visit For information on translations, please contact Apress directly at 2855 Telegraph Avenue, Suite 600, Berkeley, CA 94705.

3 Phone 510-549-5930, fax 510-549-5939, e-mail or visit http://. Apress and friends of ED books may be purchased in bulk for academic, corporate, or promotional use. eBook versions and licenses are also available for most titles. For more information, reference our Special Bulk Sales eBook Licensing web page at The information in this book is distributed on an as is basis, without warranty. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this work, neither the author(s) nor Apress shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the information contained in this work. Page iii Monday, October 20, 2008 12:58 PM. To my dear wife, Valerie, as a small token for her immense help and support Page iv Monday, October 20, 2008 12:58 PM. Contents at a Glance About the Author.

4 Xxxvii About the Technical Reviewer ..xxxix Acknowledgments .. xli Introduction .. xliii PART 1 Background, Data Modeling, UNIX/Linux, and SQL*Plus CHAPTER 1 The Oracle DBA's World .. 3. CHAPTER 2 Relational Database Modeling and Database Design .. 19. CHAPTER 3 Essential UNIX (and Linux) for the Oracle DBA .. 43. CHAPTER 4 Using SQL*Plus and Oracle Enterprise Manager .. 97. PART 2 Oracle Database 11g Architecture, Schema, and Transaction Management CHAPTER 5 Oracle Database 11g Architecture .. 165. CHAPTER 6 Managing Tablespaces .. 215. CHAPTER 7 Schema Management .. 261. CHAPTER 8 Oracle Transaction Management .. 337. PART 3 Installing Oracle Database 11g, Upgrading, and Creating Databases CHAPTER 9 Installing and Upgrading to Oracle Database 11g .. 391. CHAPTER 10 Creating a Database .. 443. iv Page v Monday, October 20, 2008 12:58 PM. PART 4 Connectivity and User Management CHAPTER 11 Connectivity and Networking.

5 511. CHAPTER 12 User Management and Database Security .. 543. PART 5 Data Loading, Backup, and Recovery CHAPTER 13 Loading and Transforming Data .. 625. CHAPTER 14 Using Data Pump Export and Import .. 677. CHAPTER 15 Backing Up Databases .. 725. CHAPTER 16 Database Recovery .. 801. PART 6 Managing the Database CHAPTER 17 Automatic Management and Online Capabilities .. 877. CHAPTER 18 Managing and Monitoring the Operational Database .. 947. PART 7 Performance Tuning CHAPTER 19 Improving Database Performance: SQL Query Optimization .. 1041. CHAPTER 20 Performance Tuning: Tuning the Instance .. 1129. APPENDIX Oracle Database 11g SQL and PL/SQL: A Brief Primer .. 1221. INDEX .. 1255. v Page vi Monday, October 20, 2008 12:58 PM. vi Page vii Monday, October 20, 2008 12:58 PM. Contents About the Author .. xxxvii About the Technical Reviewer ..xxxix Acknowledgments.

6 Xli Introduction .. xliii PART 1 Background, Data Modeling, UNIX/. Linux, and SQL*Plus CHAPTER 1 The Oracle DBA's World ..3. The Oracle DBA's Role .. 3. The DBA's Security Role .. 4. The DBA's System Management Role .. 5. The DBA's Database Design Role .. 7. DBA Job Classifications .. 8. Types of Databases .. 9. Online Transaction Processing and Decision-Support System Databases .. 9. Development, Test, and Production Databases .. 9. Training and Certification .. 10. Training .. 10. Certification .. 11. Resources and Organizations for Oracle DBAs .. 13. Oracle by Example .. 14. Oracle Database Two-Day DBA Course .. 14. Oracle MetaLink .. 15. Oracle Web Conference .. 15. The Daily Routine of a Typical Oracle DBA .. 15. Some General Advice .. 16. Know When You Need Help .. 16. Remember You Are Not Alone .. 16. Think Outside the Box .. 17. Primum Non Nocere.

7 17. vii Page viii Monday, October 20, 2008 12:58 PM. viii C O N T E N T S. CHAPTER 2 Relational Database Modeling and Database Design .. 19. Relational Databases: A Brief Introduction .. 19. The Relational Database Model .. 20. Database Schemas .. 20. Relational Algebra .. 21. Relational Calculus .. 22. SQL .. 22. Relational Database Life Cycle .. 23. Requirements Gathering and Analysis .. 23. Logical Database Design .. 24. Physical Database Design .. 34. Implementing the Physical Design .. 37. Reverse-Engineering a Database .. 38. Object-Relational and Object Databases .. 38. The Relational Model .. 38. The Object Model .. 39. The Object-Relational Model .. 39. Semi-Structured Data Models .. 40. CHAPTER 3 Essential UNIX (and Linux) for the Oracle DBA .. 43. Overview of UNIX and Linux Operating Systems .. 43. UNIX .. 43. Linux .. 44. Midrange Systems.

8 45. Understanding the UNIX Shell(s) .. 45. Accessing the UNIX System .. 46. Overview of Basic UNIX Commands .. 48. Getting Help: The man Command .. 50. Changing the Prompt .. 51. Finding Files and Directories .. 52. Controlling the Output of Commands .. 52. Showing the Contents of Files .. 52. Comparing Files .. 53. Understanding Operating-System and Shell Variables .. 53. Redirecting Input and Output.. 56. Protecting Files from Being Overwritten .. 57. Navigating Files and Directories in UNIX .. 57. Files in the UNIX System .. 57. Linking Files .. 57. Page ix Monday, October 20, 2008 12:58 PM. C O N T E N T S ix Managing Files .. 58. Permissions: Reading from or Writing to Files in UNIX .. 59. Directory Management .. 62. Editing Files with the vi Editor .. 63. Creating and Modifying Files Using vi .. 63. Moving Around with the head and tail Commands .. 65.

9 Extracting and Sorting Text .. 65. Using grep to Match Patterns .. 65. Cutting, Pasting, and Joining Text .. 66. Shell Scripting .. 68. What Is a Shell Program?.. 68. Using Shell Variables .. 69. Evaluating Expressions with the test Command .. 69. Executing Shell Programs with Command-Line Arguments .. 70. Analyzing a Shell Script .. 70. Flow-Control Structures in Korn Shell Programming .. 71. Dealing with UNIX Processes .. 74. Gathering Process Information with ps .. 74. Running Processes after Logging Out .. 75. Running Processes in the Background .. 75. Terminating Processes with the kill Command .. 75. UNIX System Administration and the Oracle DBA .. 76. UNIX Backup and Restore Utilities .. 76. The crontab and Automating Scripts .. 77. Using Telnet .. 78. Remote Login and Remote Copy .. 78. Using SSH, the Secure Shell .. 79. Using FTP to Send and Receive Files.

10 79. UNIX System Performance Monitoring Tools .. 80. Disks and Storage in UNIX .. 85. Disk Storage Configuration Choices .. 86. Monitoring Disk Usage .. 86. Disk Storage, Performance, and Availability .. 87. RAID Systems .. 88. RAID Levels .. 89. Choosing the Ideal Disk Configuration .. 90. Redundant Disk Controllers .. 92. RAID and Backups .. 92. RAID and Oracle .. 93. Page x Monday, October 20, 2008 12:58 PM. x C O N T E N T S. Other Storage Technologies .. 93. Storage Area Networks .. 93. Networked Attached Storage.. 94. InfiniBand .. 94. Automatic Storage Management .. 94. Oracle and Storage System Compatibility .. 95. CHAPTER 4 Using SQL*Plus and Oracle Enterprise Manager .. 97. Starting a SQL*Plus Session .. 97. Setting the Environment.. 98. Starting a SQL*Plus Session from the Command Line .. 98. Connecting by Using the CONNECT Command .. 100. Connectionless SQL*Plus Session with /NOLOG.