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f;dr;=re moaO;s ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,sh 2 - edupub.gov.lk

f;dr;=re moaO;s ixj Ok ls%hdj,sh 2. fuu mdvu yeoE fuka Tng". moaO;shla hkq l=ula moaO;shl ix>gl moaO;s w;ahqre f;dr;=re moaO;s iy m .Kl mdol f;dr;=re moaO;s moaO;s ixj Ok jk pl%h mqk lrK-jDoa jk pl%h ms<sn| j wjfndaOhla ,nd .; yels jkq we;'. 2' 1 f;dr;=re moaO;s ixl,amh moaO;shla hkq l=ula moaO;shla hkq h fmd wruqKla idlaId;a lr .ekSug ksrka;r wka; . ls%hdld ;ajfhka hq;= ix>gl iuQyhl tl;=jls'. my;ska olajd we;s 2 1 rEmhg wkqj mdr ilia lrk hka;%fha fldgia tlsfklg wka; -ls%hdld ;ajfhka hq;= j lghq;= fkdlrhs f ksid mdr ilia ls f ld hh is l< fkdyels h 2 2 rEmhg wkqj mdr ilia ls f hka;%h tlsfklg wka; -ls%hdld ;ajfhka hq;= j lghq;= lr mdr ilia ls f wruqK. idlaId;a lr .ekSug yels whq ka ilia lr we; ta wkqj 2 2 rEmfhka olajd we;s hka;%h moaO;shla f,i ls%hd lrhs . rEmh 2 1 mdr ilia lrk hka;% rEmh 2 2. 56 fkd f,a fnod ye u msKsihs moaO;shl uQ,sl ix>gl moaO;shla uQ,sl ix>gl ;=klska iuka ; f '.

56 fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs fuu mdvu yeoEÍfuka Tng" ² moaO;shla hkq l=ula o@ ² moaO;shl ix>gl moaO;s ² w;ahqre f;dr;=re moaO;s iy mß.Kl mdol f;dr;=re moaO;s ² moaO;s ixj¾Ok Ôjk pl%h

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Transcription of f;dr;=re moaO;s ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,sh 2 - edupub.gov.lk

1 f;dr;=re moaO;s ixj Ok ls%hdj,sh 2. fuu mdvu yeoE fuka Tng". moaO;shla hkq l=ula moaO;shl ix>gl moaO;s w;ahqre f;dr;=re moaO;s iy m .Kl mdol f;dr;=re moaO;s moaO;s ixj Ok jk pl%h mqk lrK-jDoa jk pl%h ms<sn| j wjfndaOhla ,nd .; yels jkq we;'. 2' 1 f;dr;=re moaO;s ixl,amh moaO;shla hkq l=ula moaO;shla hkq h fmd wruqKla idlaId;a lr .ekSug ksrka;r wka; . ls%hdld ;ajfhka hq;= ix>gl iuQyhl tl;=jls'. my;ska olajd we;s 2 1 rEmhg wkqj mdr ilia lrk hka;%fha fldgia tlsfklg wka; -ls%hdld ;ajfhka hq;= j lghq;= fkdlrhs f ksid mdr ilia ls f ld hh is l< fkdyels h 2 2 rEmhg wkqj mdr ilia ls f hka;%h tlsfklg wka; -ls%hdld ;ajfhka hq;= j lghq;= lr mdr ilia ls f wruqK. idlaId;a lr .ekSug yels whq ka ilia lr we; ta wkqj 2 2 rEmfhka olajd we;s hka;%h moaO;shla f,i ls%hd lrhs . rEmh 2 1 mdr ilia lrk hka;% rEmh 2 2. 56 fkd f,a fnod ye u msKsihs moaO;shl uQ,sl ix>gl moaO;shla uQ,sl ix>gl ;=klska iuka ; f '.

2 1' wdodkh 2' ls%hdj,sh 3' m%;sodkh moaO;shlg ,efnk wd k" ieliqu m%;s k njg m;a flf '. Input Process Output wdodkh ieliSu m%;sodkh rEmh 2 3 - moaO;shl uQ,sl ix>gl (Basic components of a system). WodyrK - 1 - mdi, moaO;shla f,i ie,lSf ". moaO;sh - mdi, wruqK - rgg oehg jevodhl hym;a mqrjeishka ysls u wd k - orejkaa ieliSu - mdi, ;=< .=rejre" mdif,a wfkl=;a i m;a wka; -ls%hdld ;ajfhka hq;= j lghq;= lr orejka ls%hdj,shlg Ndckh lr;s'. m%;sodk - hym;a mqrjeishka cd;shg odhdo ls u WodyrK - 2. , mSvkh" WIaK;ajh" iq<f a Ydj" f;;ukh wd o;a; we;=<;a l<. g ld,.=K mqfrdal:k moaO;shla fyg ojfia ld,.=K wkdjelsh m%;s kh flf '. m%;sodk f,i ,efnk fuu f;dr;=rej, jeo.;alu jkafka tAjdhska wmg ;SrK .ekSug myiq uhs'. f;dr;=re moaO;sh o;a; f;dr;=re njg m;a lrk moaO;shla f;dr;=re moaO;shla (Information system) f,i ye kaf '. o;a; ieliSu f;dr;=re PB.

3 (Data) (Process) (Information). rEmh 2 4 - f;dr;=re moaO;shl l%shdj,sh f;dr;=re moaO;shla m%Odk jYfhka w;ahqre f;dr;=re moaO;s ^Manual Information System) iy m .Kl mdol f;dr;=re moaO;s ^Computer Based Information System) f,i j . l< yels h'. fkd f,a fnod ye u msKsihs 57. w;ahqre f;dr;=re moaO;s fujeks moaO;sj, ish u ieliq mqoa.,hka iska w;ska is lrkq ,nhs'. WodyrK - mdi,l w;ahqre YsIH f;dr;=re moaO;shla i,luq'. mdi,g isiqjl= we;=<;a ls f Tyqg ,shdm x wxlhla ,nd foa' tfuka u fm!oa.,sl f;dr;=re jk ,sms o ilia lrkqq ,ef ' mdi,a ld,h w;r;=r < O olaI;d" fuu ,sms we;=<;a lrkq ,ef . h wjia:djl h isiqfjl= jif m%.;sh ms<sn| jd ;djla y,am;sg wjYH jQfha hehs is;uq' fuys wd k" l%shdj,sh iy m%;s k my; m f '. wd k ku iy w < j Ih l%shdj,sh 1' <uhdg w < ,shdm x wxlh imhd .ekSu 2' tu ,shdm x wxlhg wo< , fidhd .ekSu 3' tu , w < j Ifha m%;sM, ia;r Wlyd.

4 EkSu 4' tu f;dr;=re weiqfrka jd ;djla ieliSu m%;s kh w < j Ih i`oyd m%.;s jd ;dj ls%hdldrlu by; YsIH f;dr;=re w;ahqre moaO;sh fjkqjg m .Kl mdol YsIH. f;dr;=re moaO;shla we;ehs Wml,amkh lrkak' by; lS" h . YsIHfhl= " h jirlg w < f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSf l%shdj,sh". w;ahqre yd m .Kl mdol moaO;sj,ska fjk fjk u ls f we;s jdis yd wjdis ixikaokh lrkak'. m .Kl mdol f;dr;=re moaO;s m .Kl wdY%fhka o;a; f;dr;=re njg m;alrk moaO;shla m .Kl mdol f;dr;=re moaO;shla f,i ye kaf '. m .Kl mdol mdi,a mqia;ld, moaO;shla i,lkak' mqia;ld,hd m;sg ,efnk m%fhdack my; laf '. h fudfyd;l" h fmd;la mqia;ld,fha ;sf o keoao hk nj yd th ;sf . k th ;sfnk ia:dkh ks Kh lr .; yels u 58 fkd f,a fnod ye u msKsihs ;Sre ixfla; lshjkhla (Bar code System) mqia;ld,fha fmd;a " neyer myiqfjka l< yels u fmd;a i|yd m%udo .dia;= iajhxl%Sh j .Kkh lr .; yels u ld hlaIu j fmd;a fidhd.

5 EkSug myiq u fmd;a neyer hkakka ms<sn| j jd ;d ;nd .ekSug yelshdj ,e u ksh ; kg fmd;a wdmiq ,nd kq ka mqoa.,hka ,ehsia;=.; ls u myiq u mqia;ld,h ud ..; moaO;shla (Online System) f,i ilia lr idud lhkag ria: j isg mqia;ld, fiajd ^fmd;a fi u" fjka lr .ekSu&. l< yel idud lhkag bf,lafg%dksl fmd;a (e books) ,nd h yels u mdif,a m%Odk ld hd,h iu. cd,.; ls u wia iy;sl ,nd fok wjia:dj, mqia;ld, fmd;a Ndr ka$fkd ka nj laI l j iy;sl lr .; yels u ls%hdldrlu by; i|yka m%;s,dNj,g wu;r j YsIHhkag ,efnk fjk;a m%;s,dN. ,ehsia;= .; lrkak'. w;ahqre moaO;s iy m .Kl mdol f;dr;=re moaO;s w;r m%Odk fjkial . w;ahqre moaO;s m .Kl mdol f;dr;=re moaO;s o;a; ieliSfuka f;dr;=re ,nd u ilik ,o jevigyklg wkqj f;dr;=re mqoa.,hd yia;Sh j is lrk ksid ,nd fok ne ka fodaI we;s u wju f '. fodaI is ug we;s bvlv je h'. f;dr;=re ilid .ekSu i|yd je b;d wvq ld,hlska f;dr;=re ilid.

6 ;. ld,hla .; f ' yel'. o;a; .nvd ls u i|yd Yd, bv b;d iq bv m%udKhl Yd, o;a;. m%udKhla wjYH jk w;r ,sms f,aLk m%udKhla .nvd lr ;nd .; yels w;r ta wiqrd ;e u i|yd ln wd h wjYH i|yd o;a; mdol uD Nd ; l<. f ' yels h'. PB. o;a; fkdfhla jHikj,g Ndckh Wmia: (backups) fhdod .ekSu ksid;a h yels w;r o;a; i|yd wdrlaIdj uqqrmo fh u ;a o;a; m%f Yh i|yd m .Kl mdol f;dr;=re moaO;shg jrm%ido ,nd fok wdldrh wkqj o;a;j,g idfmalaI j wvq f ' wdrlaIdjla ,nd .ekSug yels jkq we; . fkd f,a fnod ye u msKsihs 59. 2'2 moaO;s ixj Ok l%uf o f;dr;=re moaO;shla O l%uf o Nd ; lrkq ,ef ' tAjd w;= ka moaO;s ixj Ok jk pl%h (System Development Life Cycle) m%Odk f '. 2'2'1 moaO;s ixj Ok jk pl%h fuh mshjr lsysmhlska iuka ; h'. 1' wjYH;d y kd .ekSu ,GHQWL FDWLRQ RI UHTXLUHPHQWV 2' i u ie,iq ls u (Designing the solution). 3' i u fla;lrKh ls u (Coding of the solution).

7 4' i u m laId ls u yd fodaI bj;a ls u (Testing and debugging). 5' moaO;sh msysgq u (Deployment of the system). 6' moaO;s kv;a;= ls u (Maintenance of the system). moaO;shla ia:dms; lr Nd ; lrk g kj wjYH;d u;= h yel' t g m<uqfjks mshjrg kej; tu kj wjYH;d imqrd .ekSug fuu l%shdj,sh mqk lrKh l< yels h'. moaO;s ixj Ok jk pl%fha mshjr 1' wjYH;d y kd .ekSu ,GHQWL FDWLRQ RI UHTXLUHPHQWV fuys mj;sk w;ahqre moaO;sh fyda ixj Okh l< hq;= m .Kl mdol f;dr;=re moaO;sh ms<sn| j mQ K uid ne,Sula is flfrhs' kj moaO;sfha wruqKq" m%;s,dN" ld hlaIu;dj" jeks foa ms<sn| ,s ; igyka ms<sfh, flf ' fuh wdh;kfha ld h uKav,h iy moaO;sh lKavdhu tl;=j is lrkq ,ef '. fuu mshjf moaO;s Yaf,aIl (System analyst) iska mj;sk moaO;sh ia;rd;aul j wOHhkh lrkq ,nk w;r w ;a wjYH;d y ,ef ' mrsYS,l wjYH;d imqrd,Su i|yd f;dr;=re tla/ia l< hq;= f ' f;dr;=re tla/ia ls f.

8 L%uf o lsysmhla mj;sk w;r bka lsysmhla my; oelaf '. 1& ks laIKh (Observation). 2) i uqL idl Pd (Interview). 3& m%Yakdj,s (Questionnaire). 4 d fyda ,sms ks laIKh (Document sample collection). 5& uQ,do Y (Prototyping). 60 fkd f,a fnod ye u msKsihs 1& ks laIKh moaO;s ixj Okh wdr Nl wjia:df mj;sk moaO;sh th mj;sk iajNdjfhka u ks laIKh ls fuka f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSu is f ' Wml,amk fuh jeo.;a f '. W - mqia;ld,hg mqia;ld,hd m;s fmd;a ksl=;a lrk wdldrh ks laIKh ls u 2& i uqL idl Pd uqyqKg uqyqK ,d m%Yak weiSu ,efnk ms<s;=re Yaf,aIKh lr f;dr;=re /ia lrkq ,ef ' mqoa., wdl,am ms<sn| j wjxl f,i l;d ls ug wjldY. ,efnk ne ka mqoa., wjYH;d ksje/ j y kd .efka'. W - mqia;ld,d m;s yuq Tyq iu. i uqL idl Pdjla meje;a u 3& m%Yakdj,s jHqy.; m%Yakdj,shla iemfhk w;r ,s ; j ,efnk ms<s;=re Yaf,aIKfhka f;dr;=re ,nd .kq ,ef '. W - ilik ,o m%Yakdj,shla mqia;ld,hd m;sg ,nd th i mQ K lr.

9 EkSu 4 d fyda ,sms ks laIKh wdh;khl we;s jd ;d fyda ,sms fydA ks laIKfhka f;dr;=re ,nd .efka'. W - mqia;ld,fha we;s jd ;d" mqia;ld,h ld m;a wd h ks laIKh 5& uQ,do Y. ia:dmkh ls ug wfmalaIs; moaO;sfha wkqrejla ld h uKav,hg iy m YS,lhkag fmka ug ie,eia fuka woyia ,nd .ekSu is . flf '. W - kj mqia;ld,h moaO;sh ;s h yels wdldrfha o Yk" jd ;d" id m, wd h fmka u 2' i ie,iq ls u 'HVLJQLQJ WKH VROXWLRQ PB. fuu mshjr moaO;s ixj Okh jk pl%fha wfkla mshjrj,ska fjkia jk w;r moaO;sfha O foa ie,iq ls u fuys m%Odk wruqKhs' moaO;s ie,iq lrKfha lrkq ,nk ld hhka iuyrla my; m f '. fkd f,a fnod ye u msKsihs 61. 1' uD ldx. y kd .ekSu" uD ldx. ks ;sh (Sofware architecture) y kd .ekSu 2' w;=re uqyqK;a (User interface) tk m YS,lg ;srfha o Ykh jk wdldrh yd o;a; .nvd ieliqu 3' m%Odk oDVdx. moaO;s iy tAjdfha ix>gl y kd .ekSu 4' tla tla WmmoaO;sj, mrdh;a; nj y kd.

10 EkSu 5' moaO;sh l%shd;aul ls u i|yd W ; oDVdx. iy uD ldx. ;SrKh ls u 6' uD ldx." o;a; .nvd" w;=re uqyqK;a ms<sn| h ;, jHqyh ks udKh ls u 7' m laIK ie,iq (Test plans) ls u 3' i fla;lrKh ls u &RGLQJ RI WKH VROXWLRQ l%uf,aLl iq iq m .Kl NdIdjla fhdod ie,iq lrk ,o moaO;sh fla;lrKh ls u fuu mshjf . m%Odk wruqKhs' fla;lrKfha fla; ir, u yd ld hlaIu u f;are .ekSug iy myiq f '. moaO;shla ksje/ j fla;lrKh ls u moaO;sh m laId ls ug iy kv;a;= ls ug hk hou iy ld,h wju lr .; yels h . 4' i m laId ls u iy fodaI bj;a ls u 7 HVWLQJ DQG GHEXJJLQJ fuu w hf m%Odk wruqK jkafka fodaI. ksrdlrKh ls uhs' fla;k fodaI" ie,iq fodaI fyda wjYH;d fodaI fuys ksje/ lrkq ,nhs'. i m laId ls f l%u lsysmhla we;' tAjdhska iuyrla my; oelaf '. m%; m laIdj moaO;s m laIdj iuia; m laIdj tall m laIdj rEmh 2 5 - moaO;s m laId 62 fkd f,a fnod ye u msKsihs 1& tall m laIdj 8 QLW 7 HVWLQJ moaO;sfha tAll fjk fjk u m laId flf ' m laId flfrk tAllh ;=< wd khg w < m%;sodkh ,ef hs m laId flf '.