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Fastener Basics - Bolt Depot - Nuts and Bolts, Screws and ...

Fastener Basics Common Fastener Types Fastener Materials Hex bolts, or hex cap Screws , are used in Note: Do not rely on this guide for color-matching. The machinery and construction. Can be used with a appearance of these materials sometimes di ers signi - nut, or in a tapped hole. Fully threaded hex bolts cantly from the photos below. are also known as tap bolts. Zinc-plated steel is a low carbon steel for Wood Screws have large threads and a smooth general use. Relatively shank f or pulling two pieces of material together. inexpensive, with the They can be used in wood and other soft materi- zinc plating providing als. moderate corrosion Sheet metal Screws have sharp points and resistance suitable for threads, and are designed to be driven directly indoors or otherwise into sheet metal. They can also be used in softer dry conditions. Color is materials like plastic, berglass, or wood.

Machine screws are fully threaded for use with a nut or in a tapped hole. Certain types are some-times referred to as stove bolts. Socket screws are machine screws with an internal hex socket (Allen) drive. Longer lengths may have a smooth shank. Lag bolts, or lag screws, are large wood screws with hex heads. Typically used for wood

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Transcription of Fastener Basics - Bolt Depot - Nuts and Bolts, Screws and ...

1 Fastener Basics Common Fastener Types Fastener Materials Hex bolts, or hex cap Screws , are used in Note: Do not rely on this guide for color-matching. The machinery and construction. Can be used with a appearance of these materials sometimes di ers signi - nut, or in a tapped hole. Fully threaded hex bolts cantly from the photos below. are also known as tap bolts. Zinc-plated steel is a low carbon steel for Wood Screws have large threads and a smooth general use. Relatively shank f or pulling two pieces of material together. inexpensive, with the They can be used in wood and other soft materi- zinc plating providing als. moderate corrosion Sheet metal Screws have sharp points and resistance suitable for threads, and are designed to be driven directly indoors or otherwise into sheet metal. They can also be used in softer dry conditions. Color is materials like plastic, berglass, or wood.

2 Either a blue-ish tint or machine Screws are fully threaded for use with a yellow depending on the exact process. nut or in a tapped hole. Certain types are some- Hot-dipped galvanized times referred to as stove bolts. steel has a thicker zinc Socket Screws are machine Screws with an coating for better internal hex socket (Allen) drive. Longer lengths corrosion resistance, may have a smooth shank. making it suitable for outdoor use. Because Lag bolts, or lag Screws , are large wood Screws of the thick plating, with hex heads. Typically used for wood only galvanized nuts and washers will t construction and landscaping. galvanized bolts. The coating typically has a Carriage bolts have smooth, domed heads with rough, dull grey nish. a square section underneath that pulls into the Stainless steel o ers material to prevent spinning during installation. good corrosion Nuts are used to fasten machine threaded resistance, making it fasteners in through-hole applications.

3 Lock nuts suitable for outdoor help prevent loosening. use and marine applications, but is Washers spread the load over a greater surface more expensive than zinc plated. area when tightening a bolt , screw or nut. Lock washers help preventing loosening. Chrome and nickel plated steel are smooth and polished Tip: Find a more comprehensive Fastener type chart at for appearance. The plating o ers moderate corrosion resistance. Grade/Class & Fastener Strength Brass and bronze are Fastener Grade (US) or Class (metric) refers to the mechanical proper- copper alloys with good ties of the Fastener material. Generally, a higher number indicates a corrosion resistance. stronger, more hardened (but also more brittle) Fastener . More expensive than For a chart of Fastener grades, head markings and mechanical properties, see steel, these materials bolt Depot 's Grade markings and Strength Chart at are typically used for decorative applications.

4 US bolt head markings Metric bolt head markings Colors can vary signi cantly. Alloy steel is highly hardened and usually Low Carbon Grade 5 Grade 8 Class Class Class black oxide and/or oil coated, o ering little Note: In addition to these markings, the head will often have a manufacturer stamp. corrosion resistance. Page 1 Copyright 2000-2019 bolt Depot Inc. How Fasteners are Notated: An Example machine Screws , Phillips pan head, Stainless steel 18-8, #12-24 x 1". Fastener type Material Diameter Length Thread Count (TPI). Drive Types Head Styles Measuring Diameter Phillips and Slotted Hex heads are typically For most drives are common used with larger bolts and types of Diameter Phillips Slotted in Screws , but prone Screws , and tightened with a fasteners, to cam-out wrench. the diameter (stripping). Pan heads have a slightly is measured on the outside of Diameter domed head that sits above Combo drives, that the threads.

5 The surface. can be used with Combo either driver, are Flat heads are installed in a Note: US diameters under 1/4 are given as numbers ( available for many countersunk hole for a at #12) instead of inches, in order of increasing size. If you need Fastener types. surface. to nd the actual diameter, use a table corresponding to your Fastener type at Frearson and Pozidriv Round heads are tall domed are similar to Phillips, heads, used primarily for Frearson Pozidriv but less prone to decorative purposes. cam-out. Thread Count & Thread Pitch Oval heads are a low domed and countersunk machine threaded fasteners specify a thread Hex socket (Allen) density in Threads Per Inch (US) or as a Thread drives are compact heads, used primarily for decorative purposes. Pitch in mm (Metric). Hex socket and easy to drive, but (Allen) prone to cam-out. Truss heads are slightly For a given diameter, a Fastener may be available domed, with a wide head for in coarse (standard), ne and sometimes super Star and Square drive an extra large surface area.

6 Ne thread. are resistant to cam-out and can be Socket heads are narrow Star Square with a socket drive, and installed single- (Robertson). handed. knurled or smooth sides. Measuring Length Button heads feature a Fastener length is Note: Most drive types (Frearson and Slotted medium dome. Typically usually measured from being notable exceptions) require the correct used with a hex socket where the material is driver size for proper installation. drive. assumed to be to the end of the Fastener . Length Thus, countersunk Nut & Washer Sizes fasteners are measured overall and non-counter- Nut and washer sizes indicate the screw or bolt they t. For example: sunk fasteners are measured from under the Length head. 3/8 -16 Hex bolt 3/8 Washer 3/8 -16 Nut More Information Di erent washer patterns have di erent outside diameters. For example, hardened US washers are At you'll nd: available in USS (wider) and SAE (narrower) In-depth Fastener info patterns.

7 Fender washers have large outside Charts and tables diameters. Printable lay-over charts and tools for quickly identifying Fastener sizes 1/4 1/4 1/4 x 1 and types SAE USS Fender Much Page 2 Copyright 2000-2019 bolt Depot Inc.