病毒的形态、结构和分类 - fdjpkc.fudan.edu.cn

1 I / z ( .. z z 1031 200nm 1x1031x 200x10-9 2x1021 km 2x108 10 (nm) (nm) : viroid prion 2018-26100430 ParvovirusRh bdi4510020100-430 Rhabdovirus45-100140-260 Poxvirus220-450300>400Mi i i> in Virology, 2nded z z z RhabdovirusHerpes VirusPhagePoxvirus virion z nucleocapsid/core particle DNA RNA capsid z envelope z capsomere capsomere z z z z z z z z icosahedral symmetry helical symmetry complex symmetry complex symmetry z z z z Fundamentals in Virology.)

2 2ndedz z z z z z z z z (Edward (DimitriiIvanovski (Frederick Twort, Felix (Max Delbruck and19111935-391885 (Edward Jenner)(DimitriiIvanovski Martinus Beijerinck ) Twort, Felix d Herelle) Delbruck and Salvador Luria)17981890s1915-17 (Louis Pasteur) Rous Sarcoma virus (Wendell Stanley, 1940s()(Peyton Rous) (y,John Northrup) DNA (Alfred Hershey (Baruch RNA splicing (Phillip Sharp Richard HIV (Luc Montagnier,Francoise Barr 197119761965(Alfred Hershey, Martha Chase (Baruch Blumberg) (Paul Berg) Sharp, Richard Roberts)1976 Francoise Barr -Sinoussi) 195219681970sKuru (Michael1977 Prion (Stanley 1983 (Carleton Gajdusek) (Howard Temin, David Baltimore) (Michael Bishop, Harold Va r m u s) (yPrusiner) International Commitee on Taxonomy of Viruses a virus species is a polythetic class of viruses that constitute a replicating lineage and occupy a particularconstitute a replicating lineage and occupy a particular ecological niche.))))))))

3 A polythetic class is one whose members have several properties in common, although they do not necessarily all share a single common defining property. In other words, the members of a virus species are defined collectively by a consensus group of properties. z Icosahedral, helical or complex z z z DNA or RNA, circular or linear, segments, ltht)genome length, etc.)z z z (host, tissue tropism, disease, etc.)ICTV "Virus Taxonomy: IXthReport of the International Committee on ypTaxonomy of Viruses", 2012 Orders (-virales): 7 Families (-viridae): 96 Families (-viridae): 96 Subfamilies (-virinae): 22 Genera (-virus): 420 Species: 2618 Species: 2618 OrderNidovirale FamilyCoronaviridae SubfamilyCii SubfamilyCoronavirinae GenusBetacoronavirus SpeciesSevere AcuteRespiratoryNature Review Microbiology 2003 SpeciesRespiratorySyndrom Virus z z z z Baltimore IIssDNAIIdsDNAdsDNA-RT(+)ssRNA-RTssDNAIV IVII(+)IIIIVdsRNA(+) ssRNAmRNA(-) ssRNA(-)

4 SsRNAV Fundamentals in Virology 2ndedFundamentals in Virology, 2nded RNA Pii RNA RNA Picornavirus + ssRNA z z z EBV z EBV HPV16/18 z SSPE z 36 z SARS z DNA Virus FilGenome VirusDiseasesFamilyParvoviridaessParvovi rus B19fifth disease, aplastic crisisPolyomaviridaedsJC virusprogressive multifocalPolyomaviridaedsJC virusprogressive multifocal leukoencephalopathyBK virusBK nephropathy in renal transplant patientspMerkel cell virusMerkel cell skin carcinomaPapillomaviridaedsSome humanpapillomavirus (eg Typecervical cancer, penile cancer and oral cancersepapillomavirus (eg.))

5 Type 16, 18)oral cancersAdenoviridaedsAdenoviruses (>50 types)acute respiratory diseases, conjunctivitisgastroenteritis (typeconjunctivitis,gastroenteritis (type 40 & 41)PoxviridaedsSmallpox virus (variola), Vaccinia virus,MolluscumSkin lesions (smallpox, vaccinia, molluscum contagiosum)Vaccinia virus, Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV), contagiosum) DNA Virus FamilyGenome VirusDiseasesFamilyHerpesviridaedsHerpes simplex virus 1 & 2 Oral and genital lesionsilliChi khilVa ricella-zostervirusChickenpox, shinglesEpstein-Barr virusInfectious mononucleosis, associated with human neoplasms (kil h(Burkitt s lymphoma,Nasopharyngeal carcinoma)Cytomegaloviruscan be life-threatening for the iidimmunocompromisedHuman herpesvirus type 6 & 7 Roseola infantuma (children)Kaposi sarcoma-associated virusKaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, some types of multicentric Castleman's diseaseHdiiddRTHiiBidh ih iiBHepadnaviridaeds-RTHepatitisB virusacute and chronic hepatitis B, associated with hepatocellular carcinoma RNA Virus FilGenomeVirusDiseasesFamilyPicornavirid ae+ ssPoliovirusespoliomyelitisCoxsackieviru sesHerpangina Hand foot and mouthCoxsackieviruses, Echoviruses & other enterovirusesHerpangina, Hand, foot and mouth disease, Neurological disease, Heart and muscle diseaseRhinovirusesCommon coldRhinovirusesCommon coldHepatitis A virusHepatitis AAstroviridae+ ssAstrovirusesGastroenteritisCalicivirid ae+ ssNorovirusGastroenteritisTogaviridae+ ssRubella virusRubellaAlphaviruses (Ross River, Eastern.)

6 Venezuelan andWestern equine encephalitis virusesfever, headache, maculopapular skin rash, arthralgia, myalgia and sometimes encephalitisencephalitis viruses,chikungunya virus) RNA Virus Family Genome VirusDiseasesFlaviviridae+ssYellow fever virusYellow feverFlaviviridae+ ssYellow fever virusYellow feverDengue virusDengue feverJapanese encephalitis virusJapanese encephalitisppppHepatitis C virusHepatitis CCoronaviridae+ ssHuman coronavirusesCommon coldsSARS-CoVSevere acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)Paramyxoviridae- ssParainfluenza viruses typesParainfluenzaI IVMeasles virusMeasles, acute measles encephalitisMumps virusMumpsMumps virusMumpsRespiratory syncytial virusCommon cause of bronchiolitis in infants, may be severe and potentially fatal in babies withpotentially fatal in babies with underlying cardiac, respiratory or immunodeficiency disease RNA Virus FamilyGenomeVirusDiseasesOrthomyxovirida e- ss, virus A, BIAV is generally responsible for pandemics and epidemics.

7 IBV often causes smaller or localized and milder outbreaksmilder outbreaksBunyaviridae- ssHantavirusesHaemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, HFRSR habdoviridae- ssRabies virusRabiesFiloviridae- ssMarburg virus &Ebola virusMarburg virus disease andEbola virus disease (severe, haemorrhagic, febrile illnesses)Reoviridaeds, commonest cause of childhood diarrhoeaRetroviridae+ ss -RTHIV-1 AIDSHTLV-1 Adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphomaTropical spastic paraparesispppp z viroid RNA z virusoid RNA satellites/satellite nucleic acids satellites/satellite nucleic acids z prion z z