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Fe-C Diagram

Fe-C Diagram Fe-Carbon Diagram -ferrite F(1493 C) -ferriteisBCC(cubicbodycentered).L + Fe3 Cxx Austenite interstitialsolidsolutionofcarbonin (cubicfacecentered)crystalstructure,perm ittinghighsolubilityofcarbon F(1147 C).Austenitedoesnotexistbelow1333 F(727 C) + Fe3 Cxx -ferrite solidsolutionofcarbonin -iron. -ferritehasBCCcrystalstructureandlowsolu bilityofcarbon F(727 C). + Fe3 Cxx Cementite ironcarbide,intermetalliccompound, + Fe3 Cxx CARBON CONSTITUTIONAL Diagram -IIAlloys, ,startsolidificationwithformationofcryst alsof ,andat2719 F(1493 C)remainingliquidphaseand -ferriteperformperitectictransformation, , , , , ,arecalledsteels. Alloys, ,experienceeutectictransformationat(1130 C). ( ) (1130 C), ,calledledeburite. Alliron-carbonalloys(steelsandcastirons) experienceeutectoidtransformationat(727 C). (727 C),austenitetransformstopearlite(finefer rite-cementitestructure,formingasaresult ofdecompositionofausteniteatslowcoolingc onditions).

cooled down from a temperature within the g-phase region (e.g., at 800 ºC). • Initially the alloy is composed entirely of the austenitic phase having a composition of 0.83 wt% C • As the alloy is cooled, no changes will occur until the eutectoid temperature (727 ºC). • Upon crossing this temperature to point B, the austenite

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Transcription of Fe-C Diagram

1 Fe-C Diagram Fe-Carbon Diagram -ferrite F(1493 C) -ferriteisBCC(cubicbodycentered).L + Fe3 Cxx Austenite interstitialsolidsolutionofcarbonin (cubicfacecentered)crystalstructure,perm ittinghighsolubilityofcarbon F(1147 C).Austenitedoesnotexistbelow1333 F(727 C) + Fe3 Cxx -ferrite solidsolutionofcarbonin -iron. -ferritehasBCCcrystalstructureandlowsolu bilityofcarbon F(727 C). + Fe3 Cxx Cementite ironcarbide,intermetalliccompound, + Fe3 Cxx CARBON CONSTITUTIONAL Diagram -IIAlloys, ,startsolidificationwithformationofcryst alsof ,andat2719 F(1493 C)remainingliquidphaseand -ferriteperformperitectictransformation, , , , , ,arecalledsteels. Alloys, ,experienceeutectictransformationat(1130 C). ( ) (1130 C), ,calledledeburite. Alliron-carbonalloys(steelsandcastirons) experienceeutectoidtransformationat(727 C). (727 C),austenitetransformstopearlite(finefer rite-cementitestructure,formingasaresult ofdecompositionofausteniteatslowcoolingc onditions).

2 Uppercriticaltemperature(point)A3isthete mperature,belowwhichferritestartstoforma saresultofejectionfromausteniteinthehypo eutectoidalloys. Uppercriticaltemperature(point)ACMisthet emperature,belowwhichcementitestartstofo rmasaresultofejectionfromausteniteintheh ypereutectoidalloys. Lowercriticaltemperature(point) TEMPERATUREIRON CARBON CONSTITUTIONAL Diagram -IIPHASE COMPOSITIONS OF THE IRON-CARBON ALLOYS AT ROOM TEMPERATUREH ypoeutectoidsteels (carbon content from 0 to ) consist of primary proeutectoid) ferrite (according to the curve A3) and steel (carbon content ) entirely consists of steels (carbon content from to ) consist of primary (proeutectoid) cementite (according to the curve ACM) and irons (carbon content from to ) consist of proeutectoidcementite C2 ejected from austenite according to the curve ACM , pearlite and transformed ledeburite(ledeburitein which austenite transformed to pearlite.

3 phases OF IRONFCC (Austenite) BCC (Ferrite) HCP (Martensite) Alpha Ferrite , BCC Iron Room Temperature Gamma Austenite , FCC Iron Elevated TemperaturesThese are PHASESof iron. Adding carbonchanges the phase transformation OF AUSTENITEMICROSTRUCTUREOF PEARLITEP hotomicrographs of (a) coarse pearlite and (b) fine pearlite. 3000 XMICROSTRUCTURE OF MARTENSITE20 IRON-CARBON (Fe-C) PHASE Diagram (EXAMPLE 1)2 important points-Eutectoid (B)g a+Fe3C-Eutectic (A)L g+Fe3 CFe3C (cementite) (austenite)g+Lg+Fe3Ca+Fe3Cd(Fe)C, wt% C1148 CT( C)a727 C = : Pearlite = alternating layers of aand Fe3C phases120 +Fe3 CFe3C (cementite-hard)a(ferrite-soft)21 EXAMPLE 1 Analloyofeutectoidcomposition( )asitiscooleddownfromatemperaturewithint heg-phaseregion( ,at800 C). Asthealloyiscooled,nochangeswilloccurunt iltheeutectoidtemperature(727 C). UponcrossingthistemperaturetopointB,thea ustenitetransformsaccordingto:Eutectoid (B):g ( wt% C) a ( wt% C)+Fe3C ( wt% C)22 EXAMPLE 1 (cont.)

4 Themicrostructureforthiseutectoidsteelis slowlycooledthroughtheeutectoidtemperatu reconsistsofalternatinglayersorlamellaro fthetwophases(aandFe3C)thatformsimultane ouslyduringthetransformation. PointBiscalledpearlite. Mechanically,pearlitehaspropertiesinterm ediatebetweenthesoft,ductileferriteandth ehard, 1 (cont.) ThealternatingaandFe3 Clayersinpearliteformassuchforthesamerea sonthattheeutecticstructureformsbecauset hecompositionofaustenite( )isdifferentfromeitherofferrite( )andcementite( ),andthephasetransformationrequiresthatt herebearedistributionofthecarbonbydiffus ion. (cementite) (austenite)g+Lg+Fe3Ca+Fe3CL+Fe3Cd(Fe)C, wt% C1148 CT( C)a727 C(Fe-C System) Steel (EXAMPLE 2)Adapted from Figs. and ,Callister & Rethwisch 8e. (Fig. adapted from Binary Alloy Phase diagrams , 2nd ed., Vol. 1, Massalski ( ), ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1990.)Adapted from Fig. , Callister & Rethwisch 8e. proeutectoid ferritepearlite100 mmHypoeutectoidsteelapearliteggggaaagggg gggg25 EXAMPLE 2 (cont.)

5 Withinthea+gregion,mostoftheaparticleswi llformalongtheoriginalggrainboundaries. ,allthegphasewilltransformtopearliteacco rdingto: Therewillbevirtuallynochangeintheaphaset hatexistedjustabovetheTe. ThisathatisformedaboveTeiscalledproeutec toid(pro=pre=beforeeutectoid) a+Fe3C26 EXAMPLE 2 (cont.) Theferritethatispresentinthepearliteisca lledeutectoidferrite. Asaresult,twomicroconstituentsarepresent inthelastmicrograph(theonebelowTe):proeu tectoidferriteandpearlite27Fe3C (cementite) (austenite)g+Lg+Fe3Ca+Fe3CL+Fe3Cd(Fe)C, wt% C1148 CT( C)a727 C(Fe-C System) 2ggggaaasrWa= s/(r +s)Wg=(1 -Wa)RSapearliteWpearlite=WgWa = S/(R +S)W=(1 Wa )Fe3 CAdapted from Fig. , Callister & Rethwisch 8e. proeutectoid ferritepearlite100 mmHypoeutectoidsteelMICROSTRUCTURE OF HYPO-EUTECTOID29 HYPEREUTECTOID STEEL (EXAMPLE 3)Fe3C (cementite) (austenite)g+Lg+Fe3Ca+Fe3CL+Fe3Cd(Fe)C, wt%C1148 CT( C)aAdapted from Figs. and ,Callister & Rethwisch 8e.

6 (Fig. adapted from Binary Alloy Phase diagrams , 2nd ed., Vol. 1, Massalski ( ), ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1990.)(Fe-C System) from Fig. , Callister & Rethwisch 8e. proeutectoid Fe3C60mmHypereutectoid steelpearlitepearlite30Fe3C (cementite) (austenite)g+Lg+Fe3Ca+Fe3CL+Fe3Cd(Fe)C, wt%C1148 CT( C)aEXAMPLE 3 (cont.)(Fe-C System) X/(V +X)W=(1 -Wa)Fe3C W=(1-Wg)Wg=x/(v+ x)Fe3 CAdapted from Fig. , Callister & Rethwisch 8e. proeutectoid Fe3C60mmHypereutectoid steelpearliteAdapted from Figs. and ,Callister & Rethwisch 8e. (Fig. adapted from Binary Alloy Phase diagrams , 2nd ed., Vol. 1, Massalski ( ), ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1990.)MICROSTRCTURE OF HYPER-EUTECTOIDE xample: Phase EquilibriaFor a wt% wt% C at a temperature just below the eutectoid, determine the followinga)composition of Fe3C and ferrite (a)b)the amount of carbide (cementite) in grams that forms per 100 g of steelc)the amount of pearlite and proeutectoid ferrite (a)32 Solution:33g 100xCFeCFe3 CFe333 a a+aaxCCCCob)the amount of carbide (cementite) in grams that forms per 100 g of steela) composition of Fe3C and ferrite (a)CO= wt% CCa= wt% CCFe C= wt% C3Fe3C (cementite) (austenite)g+Lg+Fe3Ca+Fe3CL+Fe3 CdCo, wt% C1148 CT( C)727 CCORSCFe amount of pearlite and proeutectoid ferrite (a) note.

7 Amount of pearlite = amount of gjust above TE34Co= wt% CCa= wt% CCpearlite= Cg= wt% C gg+a Co CaCg Cax 100 gpearlite = gproeutectoid a= gFe3C (cementite) (austenite)g+Lg+Fe3Ca+Fe3CL+Fe3 CdCo, wt% C1148 CT( C)727 CCORSCgCaT(Time)T(Temperature)T(Transfor mation) (constanttemperature) (LowerCriticalTemperature), , , DIAGRAMTTT (Austenitetopearlite,austenitetomartensi te,austenitetobainitetransformation.)Iso thermalTransformDiagramshowsthat totransformation(a)israpid!atspeedofsoun d;(b) , ,100% ,thecoolingcurvepassesthroughtheentiretr ansformationareaandtheendproductofthisth ecoolingprocessbecomes100% ,whenslowcoolingisapplied, ,theendproductis50%Austeniteand50%Pearli te,whichmeansthatatcertaincoolingrateswe canretainpartoftheAustenite, half of TTT Diagram (Austenite-Pearlite Transformation Area)Ifacoolingrateisveryhigh, half of TTT Diagram (Austenite-Martensite and Bainite Transformation Areas)

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