FINAL BASELINE SURVEY REPORT

1 FINAL BASELINE SURVEY REPORT Reducing the Vulerability of Cambodian Rural Livelihoods through Enhanced Sub-National Climate Change Planning and Execution of Priority Actions (SRL) Project 2017 2020 BY: GREEN INNOVATION SERVICES CO., LTD. (GIS) AUGUST 2018 SUBMITTED TO: Department of Climate Change of the General Secretariat of the National Council for Sustainable Development (GSSD) Disclaimer: This document was produced by Green Innovation Services Co., Ltd. (GIS) under the Contractual Agreement with the Department of Climate Change (DCC-MoE) of the Secretariat of the National Council for Sustainable Development (GSSD).

2 The views expressed in this REPORT are those exclusively of the authors and do not necessary reflect or represent the views and opinions of DCC-MoE of GSSD and her partners, NCDDS and UNDP-GEF. Reducing the Vulnerability of Cambodian Rural Livelihoods through Enhanced Sub-National Climate Change Planning and Execution of Priority Actions (SRL) Project 2017 2020 FINAL BASELINE SURVEY REPORT August 2018 Submitted by: Green Innovation Services Co., Ltd. (GIS) (855) 23 921 26 26 / 16 78 38 99 / Core Team Members: Dr. Neth Baromey (Team Leader), Dr. Rith Sam Ol, Dr. Poch Bunnak, Dr. Heng Naret, Dr. Chhun Sophal, Mr. Tuy Samram, Ms.

3 Then Dalin, and Mr. Men Minea Table of Contents List of Tables .. i List of Figures and Map .. ii Acronyms and Abbreviations .. vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .. ix 1. INTRODUCTION .. 1 Backgrounds and Rationale .. 1 SRL Project Rationale and Policy Conformity .. 2 SRL Project Objective, Outcomes, Outputs and Indicators .. 3 Aim and Objectives of the BASELINE Study .. 5 2. METHODOLOGY .. 6 Needed Information and Assessment Indicators .. 6 Data Collection Methods .. 8 Documentary Review and Analysis .. 8 Technical Expert Consultation .. 8 Key Informant Interviews with Target SNAs and Line Departments .. 9 Focus Group Discussion (FGD) .. 10 Quantitative Questionnaire SURVEY .

4 11 Power Calculation and Sampling Method .. 13 Power Calculation .. 14 Sampling Method .. 15 Data Analysis Methods .. 18 3. BASELINE SURVEY FINDINGS .. 19 Profile of Target Study Areas .. 19 Findings from KIIs and FGDs .. 20 Livelihood Strategies and Income .. 20 Land Availability and Use .. 23 Migration Patterns .. 23 Climate Change Vulnerabilities and Fresh Water Availability .. 24 Findings from Household Surveys .. 26 Demographic and Social Characteristics of Surveyed Respondents .. 26 Possession of Land and Other Assets and Land Use for Agriculture .. 29 Main Livelihoods, Income Generation, and Perceived Sufficiency .. 33 Financial Status and Main Household Expenses.

5 40 Agricultural Product Transport Means and Market Information Access .. 45 Water Access and Consumption and Access Means .. 47 Water Access and Use for Agriculture and Means of Access to Relevant Information .. 53 Existing Livelihood Challenges .. 60 Local Perceptions on Natural Disasters and Access to CC-DRR Information .. 63 Livelihoods and CC-DRR Related Interventions in the Areas .. 67 Community Perceptions on Climate Resilient Livelihood Capacity .. 73 Community Perceptions on Required Capacity Building Programs .. 75 Out-Migration Patterns and Drivers .. 77 4. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .. 81 Summary of Key Findings of SRL BASELINE SURVEY .

6 81 Summary of SRL Indicators and Parameters Based Results .. 84 Recommendations .. 89 REFERENCES .. 91 ANNEXES .. 92 i List of Tables Table : SRL Project Log-Frame .. 3 Table : Project Level Logical Framework .. 6 Table : SRL Project Outcome 2 .. 6 Table : Assessment Indicators and Parameters .. 6 Table : Sample Size Calculation for Selected Household Respondents .. 14 Table : Total Number of Respondents Per Target Province .. 15 Table : Total Number of Respondents at Commune Level Based on Type of Village .. 16 Table : Total Number of Respondents for Each Selected Villages .. 16 Table : Total Number of Respondents for Each Selected Villages .. 16 Table : Total Number of Respondents for Each Selected Communes.

7 17 Table Number of qualitative informants in the study provinces .. 20 Table : Distribution of Livelihood Strategies in the Study Areas .. 21 Table : List and Distribution of Livelihood Challenges .. 22 Table : Household Land Availability and Average Rice Yield .. 23 Table : Migration Patterns and Remittance Level in the Study 24 Table : List of Natural Disasters and Water Resource Availability .. 25 Table : Needed Capacity Building Programs Perceived by Local Communities .. 76 Table : BASELINE Data for Objective .. 84 Table : BASELINE Data for Objective .. 85 ii List of Figures and Map Figure : Process of DD design for sample population selection.

8 14 Figure : Type of Respondents .. 26 Figure : Type of Villages Disaggregated by District .. 26 Figure : Type of Surveyed Respondents by Province .. 27 Figure : Type of Surveyed Respondents by Type of Village .. 27 Figure : Type of Surveyed Respondents by District .. 27 Figure : Average Number of Household Members by Province .. 28 Figure : Average Number of Household Members by Type of Village .. 28 Figure : Level of Education of Surveyed Respondents by Province .. 29 Figure : Level of Education of Surveyed Respondents by District .. 29 Figure : Level of Education of Surveyed Respondents by Type of Village .. 29 Figure : Land Possession and Renting Land for Agriculture by Province.

9 31 Figure : Land Possession and Renting Land for Agriculture by District .. 31 Figure : Land Possession and Renting Land for Agriculture by Type of Village .. 31 Figure : Involvement in Rice Cultivation by Province .. 32 Figure : Involvement in Rice Cultivation by District .. 32 Figure : Type of Village of Their Involvement in Rice Cultivation .. 32 Figure : Total Annual Income at Provincial Level .. 33 Figure : Main Income Sources and Total Annual Income by Province .. 33 Figure : Total Annual Income at District Level .. 34 Figure : Average Income of Type of Selected HHs by Sectors .. 34 Figure : Total Annual Income by Type of Village .. 35 Figure : Total Income from On-farm and Off-Farm Livelihoods by Province.

10 35 Figure : Total Income from On-farm and Off-Farm Livelihoods by District .. 36 Figure : Total Income from On-farm and Off-Farm Livelihoods by Type of Village .. 36 Figure : Perceived Main Livelihoods by Surveyed Respondents at Province Level .. 36 Figure : Perceived Main Livelihoods by Surveyed Respondents by Type of Village .. 37 Figure : Perceived Sufficiency of Income and Rice Consumption by Province .. 38 Figure : Perceived Sufficiency of Income and Rice Consumption by District .. 38 Figure : Perceived Sufficiency of Income and Rice Consumption by Type of Village .. 38 Figure : How long does your harvested rice last? By District .. 38 Figure : How long have your produced rice lasted?