FIRE PROTECTION IN REFINERIES - API Ballots

1 Draft - Do Not Distribute Further API RP 2001-2011 fire PROTECTION in REFINERIES Candidate Ballot Draft 8-3-2011 Candidate Ballot Draft for API 2001 9th Edition Updated thru 8-3/4-2011 Page 1 of 101 K. C. Crawford fire PROTECTION in REFINERIES API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 2001 Draft Ninth Edition This draft has updated response to comments from Chevron & Exxon Mobil per comment log X3 THIS DRAFT IS FOR DESIGNATED REVIEWER USE ONLY FURTHER DISTRIBUTION [INTERNAL, EXTERNAL OR PUBLIC] MAY BE COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT! Draft - Do Not Distribute Further API RP 2001-2011 fire PROTECTION in REFINERIES Candidate Ballot Draft 7-23-2011 Updated 8-3/4-2011 Candidate Ballot Draft for API 2001 9th Edition Updated thru 7-23-2011& 8-3/4-2011 Page 2 of 101 K.

2 C. Crawford SPECIAL NOTES 1. API PUBLICATIONS NECESSARILY ADDRESS PROBLEMS OF A GENERAL NATURE. WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES, LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS SHOULD BE REVIEWED. 2. IN PUBLISHING THIS WORK, API IS NOT UNDERTAKING TO MEET THE DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS, MANUFACTURERS, OR SUPPLIERS TO WARN AND PROPERLY TRAIN AND EQUIP THEIR EMPLOYEES, AND OTHERS EXPOSED, CONCERNING HEALTH AND SAFETY HAZARDS, RISKS AND PRECAUTIONS, IN COMPLIANCE WITH LOCAL, STATE, OR FEDERAL LAWS. 3. INFORMATION CONCERNING SAFETY AND HEALTH RISKS AND PROPER PRECAUTIONS WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR MATERIALS AND CONDITIONS SHOULD BE OBTAINED FROM THE EMPLOYER, THE MANUFACTURER OR SUPPLIER OF THAT MATERIAL, OR THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET.

3 4. NOTHING CONTAINED IN ANY API PUBLICATION IS TO BE CONSTRUED AS GRANTING ANY RIGHT, BY IMPLICATION OR OTHERWISE, FOR THE MANUFACTURE, SALE, OR USE OF ANY METHOD, APPARATUS, OR PRODUCT COVERED BY LETTERS PATENT. NEITHER SHOULD ANYTHING CONTAINED IN THE PUBLICATION BE CONSTRUED AS INSURING ANYONE AGAINST LIABILITY FOR INFRINGEMENT OF LETTERS PATENT. 5. API NOR ANY OF API S EMPLOYEES, SUBCONTRACTORS, CONSULTANTS, OR OTHER ASSIGNS MAKE ANY WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS, OR UTILITY OF THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN, OR ASSUME ANY LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY USE, OR THE RESULTS OF SUCH USE, OF ANY INFORMATION OR PROCESS DISCLOSED IN THIS PUBLICATION, OR REPRESENT THAT ITS USE WOULD NOT INFRINGE UPON PRIVATELY OWNED RIGHTS.

4 6. GENERALLY, API STANDARDS ARE REVIEWED AND REVISED, REAFFIRMED, OR WITHDRAWN AT LEAST EVERY FIVE YEARS. SOMETIMES A ONE-TIME EXTENSION OF UP TO TWO YEARS WILL BE ADDED TO THIS REVIEW CYCLE. THIS PUBLICATION WILL NO LONGER BE IN EFFECT FIVE YEARS AFTER ITS PUBLICATION DATE AS AN OPERATIVE API STANDARD OR, WHERE AN EXTENSION HAS BEEN GRANTED, UPON REPUBLICATION. STATUS OF THE PUBLICATION CAN BE ASCERTAINED FROM THE API STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT TELEPHONE (202)682-8000). A CATALOG OF API PUBLICATIONS, PROGRAMS AND SERVICES IS PUBLISHED ANNUALLY AND UPDATED BIANNUALLY BY API, AND IS AVAILABLE THROUGH GLOBAL ENGINEERING DOCUMENTS, 15 INVERNESS WAY EAST, M/S C303B, ENGLEWOOD, CO 80112-5776 AND PUBLISHED ON THEIR WEB SITE AT All rights reserved.

5 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, , Washington, DC 20005. Draft - Do Not Distribute Further API RP 2001-2011 fire PROTECTION in REFINERIES Candidate Ballot Draft 7-23-2011 Updated 8-3/4-2011 Candidate Ballot Draft for API 2001 9th Edition Updated thru 7-23-2011& 8-3/4-2011 Page 3 of 101 K. C. Crawford FOREWORD API s fire PROTECTION in REFINERIES first edition appeared in 1933 as the beginning of fire safety guidance series for the downstream segment.

6 This ninth edition Recommended Practice builds on experience gained over seven decades. The term fire PROTECTION used in this publication includes measures taken to prevent fires, as well as those to minimize, control, or extinguish fires already burning. A thorough approach to fire PROTECTION starts with an understanding of the ignition and combustion processes, including control of potential fuel sources with an emphasis on containment. This publication gives some basic information on these subjects and identifies sources of more detailed information. While sections of this document discuss general design principles it is not intended as a design manual. Rather, it presents guidance for those providing fire PROTECTION services to REFINERIES and gives reference to sources of more detailed design related information.

7 The information presented is based primarily upon experience in a large number of REFINERIES . It is not intended to exclude or limit the use of other approaches of comparable merit. fire PROTECTION references comprise a very large body of literature. API RP 2001 points to many of these references relevant to REFINERIES while seeking not to duplicate them. Most of these references are not incorporated as normative and the user is advised to determine their relevance for specific applications. API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this publication may conflict Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the API Standards Department, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20005 Draft - Do Not Distribute Further API RP 2001-2011 fire PROTECTION in REFINERIES Candidate Ballot Draft 7-23-2011 Updated 8-3/4-2011 Candidate Ballot Draft for API 2001 9th Edition Updated thru 7-23-2011& 8-3/4-2011 Page 4 of 101 K.

8 C. Crawford CONTENTS Page SECTION 1 -- PURPOSE & SCOPE .. 8 PURPOSE .. 8 SCOPE .. 8 RETROACTIVITY .. 8 CONCEPT OF HAZARD VERSUS RISK .. 8 SECTION 2 - REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS - NORMATIVE .. 9 SECTION 3 - DEFINITIONS .. 9 SECTION 4 -- CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF fire - SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS .. 11 SPECIAL SITUATIONS, CONSIDERATIONS AND HAZARDS .. 11 SECTION 5 -- fire CONSIDERATIONS IN REFINERY DESIGN .. 12 GENERAL .. 12 HAZARD ANALYSIS .. 12 PROCESS 13 EQUIPMENT DESIGN .. 14 Materials of Construction .. 15 Mechanical Design and Equipment Construction .. 16 Pressure Vessels .. 16 Block Valves .. 17 Isolation Valves .. 17 Oil and Gas Piping.

9 18 Purging Systems .. 19 Pumps and Compressors .. 20 Gas Fueled Engines .. 20 Fired Equipment .. 20 Utility Systems .. 21 Loading Racks .. 22 Storage Tanks .. 23 Process Tanks .. 23 Process Control Systems .. 24 LOCATION .. 25 Climate and Geography .. 25 Availability of Water .. 25 Supplementary Local fire PROTECTION .. 25 LAYOUT .. 26 Drainage .. 26 Spacing of Process Units .. 27 Process Plant Buildings .. 27 Roads .. 28 Egress .. 28 Location of Equipment Within Process Units .. 29 Draft - Do Not Distribute Further API RP 2001-2011 fire PROTECTION in REFINERIES Candidate Ballot Draft 7-23-2011 Updated 8-3/4-2011 Candidate Ballot Draft for API 2001 9th Edition Updated thru 7-23-2011& 8-3/4-2011 Page 5 of 101 K.

10 C. Crawford Process 29 Pumps and Compressors .. 29 Instrumentation .. 30 Vulnerability to fire Damage .. 30 Spacing of Equipment Outside Of Process Units .. 30 Atmospheric Tank Storage .. 30 Pressurized Tank Storage .. 31 Pipelines .. 31 Loading Racks .. 31 Marine Terminal Facilities .. 32 Cooling Towers .. 32 FIREPROOFING .. 32 PRESSURE RELIEF AND FLARE SYSTEMS .. 32 Relief Valves .. 33 Flare Systems .. 34 DRAINAGE, CONTAINMENT, AND WASTE DISPOSAL .. 36 Spill and Waste Disposal for Process Areas .. 36 Diking and Waste Disposal for Storage Areas .. 37 POWER AND UTILITIES .. 38 Electric Power .. 38 Steam .. 39 Water .. 39 SECTION 6 -- fire CONTROL AND EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT.