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Fisheries and Aquaculture - Food and Agriculture ...

Fisheries AND Aquaculture GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR Formulation and Operationalization of National Action Plan for Poverty Alleviation and Rural Development through Agriculture (NAPA) Working Paper - 4 Yangon, June 2016 of Agriculture , Livestock and Irrigation : National Action Plan for Agriculture (NAPA) Working Paper 4: Fisheries and Aquaculture i TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS 3 1. INTRODUCTION 4 2. BACKGROUND 5 Strategic value of the Myanmar Fisheries industry 5 3. SPECIFIC AREAS/ASPECTS OF THEMATIC AREA UNDER REVIEW 7 Marine capture Fisheries 7 Inland capture Fisheries 17 Leasable Fisheries 22 Aquaculture 30 4.

FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR Formulation and Operationalization of National Action Plan for Poverty Alleviation and ...

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1 Fisheries AND Aquaculture GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR Formulation and Operationalization of National Action Plan for Poverty Alleviation and Rural Development through Agriculture (NAPA) Working Paper - 4 Yangon, June 2016 of Agriculture , Livestock and Irrigation : National Action Plan for Agriculture (NAPA) Working Paper 4: Fisheries and Aquaculture i TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS 3 1. INTRODUCTION 4 2. BACKGROUND 5 Strategic value of the Myanmar Fisheries industry 5 3. SPECIFIC AREAS/ASPECTS OF THEMATIC AREA UNDER REVIEW 7 Marine capture Fisheries 7 Inland capture Fisheries 17 Leasable Fisheries 22 Aquaculture 30 4.

2 DETAILED DISCUSSIONS ON EACH CULTURE SYSTEM 30 Freshwater Aquaculture 30 Brackishwater Aquaculture 36 Postharvest processing 38 5. INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT 42 Management institutions 42 Human resource development 42 Policy 42 6. KEY OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS TO SECTOR DEVELOPMENT 44 Marine Fisheries 44 Inland Fisheries 44 Leasable Fisheries 45 Aquaculture 45 Departmental emphasis on management 47 Institutional fragmentation 48 Human resource development infrastructure is poor 49 Extension training 50 Fisheries academies 50 Academia 50 7.

3 KEY OPPORTUNITIES FOR SECTOR DEVELOPMENT 52 MYANMAR: National Action Plan for Agriculture (NAPA) Working Paper 4: Fisheries and Aquaculture ii Empowerment of fishing communities in marine protected areas (mpas) 52 Reduction of postharvest spoilage 52 Expansion of pond culture 52 Expansion of freshwater cage culture 53 Development of rice field Aquaculture 53 Expansion of crab farming 54 Expansion of seaweed farming 54 Development of cage culture for the live fish trade 54 Development and expansion of the fish-based processing subsector 55 8. POVERTY AND INCLUSIVENESS 56 Background to rural poverty in Myanmar 56 Poverty in the Fisheries sector 56 9.

4 RECOMMENDED AREAS OF INTERVENTION 57 Formulation of a national Agriculture and food policy 57 Establishment of a tertiary-level institution for Fisheries 57 Establishment of a Fisheries and Aquaculture academy 58 Establishment of Fisheries extension and vocational training institutes 58 Establishment of a Fisheries and Aquaculture reseach institute 58 Restructuring seed production infrastructure for the Aquaculture industry 58 Restructuring the functions of freshwater hatcheries 58 Establishment of marine finfish hatcheries 59 Establishment of a network of Aquaculture technology centres 59 Establishment of processing industry development within the Department Of Fisheries 59 Promotion of Aquaculture optimization initatives 59 Provide greater access to financial capital for the sector 59 ANNEX 1: Bibliography ANNEX 2: List of freshwater fish in Myanmar 58 ANNEX 3: Export trends for Fisheries products in Myanmar 69 MYANMAR: National Action Plan for Agriculture (NAPA) Working Paper 4.

5 Small-scale Fisheries and Aquaculture capture, production and management 3 ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations CBM Central Bank of Myanmar CSO Central Statistics Office DAP Department of Agriculture Planning DAR Department of Agricultural Research DOA Department of Agriculture DOF Department of Fisheries DRD Department of Rural Development EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for the Asia Pacific Region FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FD Forest Department GDP Gross Domestic Product MLFRD Ministry of

6 Fisheries , Livestock and Rural Development MOC Ministry of Cooperatives MOECF Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry MPA Marine Protected Area MSY Maximum Sustainable Yield NGO Non-government Organization NAPA National Action Plan for Agriculture NSPARD National Strategy on Poverty Alleviation and Rural Development MYANMAR: National Action Plan for Agriculture (NAPA) Working Paper 4: Small-scale Fisheries and Aquaculture capture, production and management 4 1. INTRODUCTION The following report is the outcome of a study of Myanmar s Fisheries and Aquaculture sectors under the country s National Action Plan for Agriculture (NAPA), which is directed at supporting the implementation of strategies and programmes to alleviate rural poverty.

7 The Livelihoods and Food Security Trust Fund (LIFT), a multidonor agency programme supporting poverty reduction in Myanmar, is funding the project. The study involved a four-week field survey that covered the subsectors of Fisheries and Aquaculture industries in the country. These included: Capture Fisheries Inland capture Fisheries ; Marine capture Fisheries ; Capture-based Aquaculture ; and Leasable Fisheries . Aquaculture Marine Aquaculture ; Brackishwater Aquaculture ; and Freshwater Aquaculture . MYANMAR: National Action Plan for Agriculture (NAPA) Working Paper 4: Small-scale Fisheries and Aquaculture capture, production and management 5 2.

8 BACKGROUND Strategic value of the Myanma Fisheries industry The Fisheries sector is vitally important for socio-economic development in Myanmar. Both commercial and traditional fishing as well as Aquaculture are significant, providing food, income and employment for the local populations. Generally, Fisheries in Myanmar can be classified into three categories, marine (inshore and offshore), inland (leasable and open Fisheries ) and Aquaculture . The strategic values of the Fisheries sector to the country are manifold. Among the most obvious of these are: Source of protein: Fish is a near mandatory accompaniment to rice in the average Myanma meal, representing a staple protein much as rice is regarded as a staple cereal.

9 Per capita consumption of fish is estimated at 56 kg/year (Mine 2014), one of the highest in the world. In contrast, per capita consumption of fish in Indonesia is kg/year,1 in Malaysia is 54 kg/year2 and in Japan, In 2013, fishery production amounted to million tonnes, of which percent was contributed by marine capture Fisheries ( million tonnes), percent by inland Fisheries ( million tonnes) and percent by Aquaculture ( tonnes) (Figure 1). Figure 1: Fisheries production in Myanmar, 2013-2014 1 2 3 Marine Capture FisheriesLeasable FisheriesInland FisheriesAquaculutrueMYANMAR: National Action Plan for Agriculture (NAPA) Working Paper 4: Small-scale Fisheries and Aquaculture capture, production and management 6 Source: Department of Fisheries (2014).

10 Employment: The sector provided livelihoods to nearly 1 268 000 fishers and 216 284 fish farmers. This excludes the large numbers employed in related trading, transportation and processing industries. Economic activity: Data obtained in this study suggest that in 2014 the total landed value of fish in the country amounted to US$ billion (Table 1). Fish is also a major export commodity. In 2013-2014, some 345 267 tonnes of fish with a value of US$ million were exported to over 32 countries. This figure does not include values accrued from trading, transportation and non-export-based processing industries.


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