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1 five STEPS TO A5AP StatisticsOther books in McGraw-Hill s 5 STEPS to a 5series include:AP BiologyAP Calculus AB/BCAP ChemistryAP Computer ScienceAP English LanguageAP English LiteratureAP European HistoryAP Microeconomics/MacroeconomicsAP Physics B and CAP PsychologyAP Spanish LanguageAP Government and PoliticsAP HistoryAP World History11 Practice Tests for the AP ExamsWriting the AP English EssayFIVESTEPSTOA5AP StatisticsDuane C. Hinders2008 2009 MCGRAW-HILLNew York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London MadridMexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney TorontoCopyright 2008, 2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America.

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6 DOI: hope you enjoy thisMcGraw-Hill eBook! Ifyou d like more information about this book,its author, or related books and websites,please click to learn more?CONTENTSP reface, ixAcknowledgments, xiAbout the Author, xiiIntroduction: The five - step Program, xiiiThe Basics, xiiiSTEP 1 Set Up Your Study Program, 11 What You Need to Know About the AP Statistics Exam,3 Background Information, 3 Some Frequently Asked Questions About the AP Statistics Exam, 42 How to Plan Your Time,10 Three Approaches to Preparing for the AP Statistics Exam, 10 Calendar for Each Plan, 12 step 2 Determine Your Test Readiness, 153 Take a Diagnostic Exam,17AP Statistics Diagnostic Test, 19 Answers and Explanations, 29 Interpretation: How Ready Are You?

7 38 step 3 Develop Strategies for Success, 394 Tips for Taking the Exam,41 General Test-Taking Tips, 42 Tips for Multiple-Choice Questions, 42 Tips for Free-Response Questions, 43 Specific Statistics Content Tips, 45 step 4 Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High, 475 Overview of Statistics/Basic Vocabulary,49 Quantitative versus Qualitative Data, 50 Descriptive versus Inferential Statistics, 50 Collecting Data: Surveys, Experiments, Observational Studies, 51 Random Variables, 526 One-Variable Data Analysis,55 Graphical Analysis, 56 Measures of Center, 62 Measures of Spread, 64 Position of a Term in a Distribution, 67 Normal Distribution, 70 For more information about this title, click here7 Two-Variable Data Analysis,87 Scatterplots, 87 Correlation, 89 Lines of Best Fit, 93 Residuals, 96 Coefficient of Determination, 98 Outliers and Influential Observations, 99 Transformations to Achieve Linearity, 1008 Design of a Study.

8 Sampling, Surveys, and Experiments, 113 Samples, 114 Sampling Bias, 116 Experiments and Observational Studies, 1189 Random Variables and Probability, 134 Probability, 134 Random Variables, 139 Normal Probabilities, 143 Simulation and Random Number Generation, 145 Transforming and Combining Random Variables, 148 Rules for the Mean and Standard Deviation of Combined Random Variables, 14810 Binomial Distributions, Geometric Distributions, and Sampling Distributions, 162 Binomial Distributions, 162 Normal Approximation to the Binomial, 165 Geometric Distributions, 167 Sampling Distributions, 168 Sampling Distributions of a Sample Proportion, 17211 Confidence Intervals and Introduction to Inference, 185 Estimation and Confidence Intervals, 186 Confidence Intervals for Means and Proportions, 189 Sample Size, 194 Statistical Significance and P-value, 196 The Hypothesis-Testing Procedure, 198 Type-I and Type-II Errors and the Power of a Test, 19912 Inference for Means and Proportions, 215 Significance Testing, 216 Inference for a Single Population Mean, 218 Inference for the Difference Between Two Population Means, 221 Inference for a Single Population Proportion, 223 Inference for the Difference Between Two Population Proportions, 22513 Inference for Regression, 243 Simple Linear Regression, 243 Inference for the Slope of a Regression Line.

9 245 Confidence Interval for the Slope of a Regression Line, 247 Inference for Regression Using Technology, 249vi Contents14 Inference for Categorical Data: Chi-square, 263 Chi-square Goodness-of-Fit Test, 263 Inference for Two-Way Tables, 268 step 5 Build Your Test-Taking Confidence, 285AP Statistics Practice Exam 1, 289AP Statistics Practice Exam 2, 319 Appendices, 333 Formulas, 334 Tables, 336 Bibliography, 340 Web sites, 341 Glossary, 342 Contents viiThis page intentionally left blank PREFACEC ongratulations, you are now an AP Statistics student. AP Statistics is one of the mostinteresting and useful subjects you will study in school. Sometimes it has the reputation ofbeing easy compared to calculus.

10 However, it can be deceptively difficult, especially in thesecond half. It is different and challenging in its own way. Unlike calculus, where you areexpected to get precise answers, in statistics you are expected to learn to become comfort-able with uncertainly. Instead of saying things like, The answer you will more oftenfind yourself saying things like, We are confident or We have evidence It sa new and exciting way of do you do well on the AP Exam (by well, I mean a 4 or a 5 although most stu-dents consider 3 or better to be passing)? By reading this book; by staying on top of thematerial during your AP Statistics class; by studying when it is time to study. Note that thequestions on the AP Exam are only partially computational they also involve thinkingabout the process you are involved in and communicating your thoughts clearly to theperson reading your exam.