FM 3-57 CRC

1 FM 3-57 CIVIL AFFAIRS OPERATIONSJULY 2021 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION:Approved for public release; distribution is publication supersedes FM 3-57, dated 17 April , DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMYThis publication is available at the Army Publishing Directorate (APD) site ( ) and the Central Army Registry site ( ). This page intentionally left blank. *FM 3-57 Distribution Restriction: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. *This publication supersedes FM 3-57, dated 17 April Field Manual No. 3-57 Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, , 28 July 2021 Civil Affairs Operations Contents Page INTRODUCTION ..v Chapter 1 CIVIL AFFAIRS BRANCH OVERVIEW .. 1-1 Role .. 1-1 Authorities .. 1-2 Core Competencies .. 1-4 Civil Affairs Missions.

2 1-6 Branch Characteristics .. 1-9 Branch Principles .. 1-9 Chapter 2 CIVIL AFFAIRS OPERATIONS .. 2-1 Overview .. 2-1 The Civil Component .. 2-1 Core Competencies .. 2-3 Transitional Governance .. 2-3 Civil Network Development and Engagement .. 2-10 Civil Knowledge Integration .. 2-16 Civil- military Integration .. 2-20 Chapter 3 UNIFIED LAND OPERATIONS .. 3-1 Civil Affairs Contribution to Operations .. 3-1 Army Strategic Roles .. 3-2 Transition Operations .. 3-4 Decisive Action .. 3-5 Populace and Resources Control .. 3-12 Homeland Defense .. 3-17 The Extended Battlefield .. 3-17 Competition Continuum .. 3-19 Chapter 4 OPERATIONS 4-1 Overview .. 4-1 Civil Affairs Role in the Operations Process .. 4-1 Staff Integration .. 4-6 Contents ii FM 3-57 28 July 2021 Mission Variables .. 4-12 operational Variables.

3 4-12 Synthesizing operational and Mission Variables .. 4-12 Civil Information Collection Plan .. 4-13 Area Studies .. 4-13 Civil Affairs Assessments .. 4-13 Running Estimate .. 4-14 Annexes .. 4-16 Civil Affairs Role in Mission Command .. 4-17 Civil Affairs Role in the Warfighting Functions .. 4-17 Civil Affairs Capability by Echelon .. 4-24 Chapter 5 UNIFIED ACTION .. 5-1 Overview .. 5-1 Interorganizational Cooperation .. 5-1 Joint Operations .. 5-3 Civil- military Operations Directorate of a Joint Staff .. 5-4 Theater Civil Affairs Planning Team .. 5-5 Joint Task Force .. 5-6 Civil- military Operations Planning Considerations .. 5-6 Civil- military Operations Working Group .. 5-7 Joint Interagency Coordination Group .. 5-8 Civil- military Engagement .. 5-9 Interagency Coordination .. 5-10 The Role of United States Embassies.

4 5-13 Defense Support to Stabilization .. 5-14 Appendix A HISTORY OF CIVIL AFFAIRS .. A-1 Appendix B CIVIL AFFAIRS GOVERNMENT FUNCTION EXPERTISE .. B-1 Appendix C CIVIL AFFAIRS IN SPECIAL OPERATIONS .. C-1 Appendix D CIVIL AFFAIRS GRAPHIC CONTROL MEASURES .. D-1 GLOSSARY .. Glossary-1 REFERENCES .. References-1 INDEX .. Index-1 Figures Introductory figure. Civil Affairs logic Figure 1-1. Civil Affairs core competencies and missions .. 1-5 Figure 2-1. Government function specialty areas and focus areas .. 2-5 Figure 2-2. Transitional governance across the competition continuum .. 2-6 Figure 2-3. Civil network development and engagement process .. 2-11 Figure 2-4. Achieving understanding .. 2-17 Figure 2-5.

5 Civil knowledge integration process .. 2-18 Figure 2-6. Notional Civil Affairs civil- military operations center configuration .. 2-22 Contents 28 July 2021 FM 3-57 iii Figure 3-1. Decisive action .. 3-6 Figure 3-2. Civil Affairs support to a corps offensive .. 3-11 Figure 4-1. Civil Affairs inputs and outputs in the military decision-making process .. 4-2 Figure 4-2. military decision-making process running estimate sync chart .. 4-15 Figure 4-3. Civil Affairs in the warfighting functions .. 4-18 Figure 4-4. Civil Affairs allocations and support functions .. 4-25 Figure 4-5. Civil Affairs workload rule of allocation .. 4-27 Figure 5-1. International agreements according to Department of Defense Issuance .. 5-12 Figure 5-2. Components of foreign assistance .. 5-15 Figure 5-3. Security assistance and foreign internal defense.

6 5-19 Figure C-1. Civil Affairs operations in unconventional warfare .. C-2 Figure D-1. Main and modifier icon and amplifier placement locations .. D-1 Figure D-2. Standard template point .. D-17 Figure D-3. Standard area template .. D-17 Tables Introductory table. New and revised terms .. viii Table 4-1. Example of political, military , economic, social, information, and infrastructure/areas, structures, capabilities, organizations, people, and events analysis .. 4-11 Table D-1. Description of main icon and amplifier fields for unit frames .. D-2 Table D-2. Civil Affairs command framed symbols .. D-4 Table D-3. Civil Affairs brigade framed symbols .. D-5 Table D-4. Civil Affairs battalion framed symbols .. D-6 Table D-5. Civil Affairs company framed symbols .. D-7 Table D-6. Civil Affairs headquarters elements framed symbols.

7 D-7 Table D-7. Civil Affairs team framed symbols .. D-8 Table D-8. Civil Affairs elements .. D-9 Table D-9. Organizations and individuals .. D-12 Table D-10. Modifiers for individuals and organizations .. D-13 Table D-11. Civilian installations .. D-14 Table D-12. Civilian activities .. D-15 Table D-13. Amplifier descriptions for control measure symbols .. D-18 Table D-14. Civil network development symbols .. D-19 Table D-15. Civil reconnaissance symbols .. D-20 Table D-16. Civil engagement symbols .. D-21 28 July 2021 FM 3-57 iv Preface FM 3-57 provides Army commanders with the information necessary for the integration of Civil Affairs forces and capabilities, by echelon, in support of unified land operations. It also provides the doctrinal basis for the conduct of Civil Affairs operations in support of unified action.

8 FM 3-57 clarifies the role of Civil Affairs forces in the execution of Civil Affairs operations with regard to the missions, employment, support requirements, capabilities, and limitations of these forces. Civil Affairs forces execute Civil Affairs operations in support of unified land operations in all theaters, at all echelons, across the competition continuum to achieve unity of effort. A force multiplier for every commander, Civil Affairs forces are one of the primary resources a commander has to assist in understanding and managing the complex and ever-changing civil component of the operational environment. Civil Affairs forces are trained, organized, and equipped to plan, execute, and assess Civil Affairs operations in support of Army and joint operations.

9 Cultural orientation, regional expertise, linguistic capabilities, advisory skills, civil network development expertise, and civilian-acquired professional experience in common government functions distinguish Civil Affairs forces from other enablers. This makes Civil Affairs forces essential to the success of all missions that occur near, among, or with civilian populations, governments, or interorganizational partners. The principal audience for FM 3-57 is the leadership of the Army, officers, and senior noncommissioned officers who command Army forces or serve on the staffs that support those commanders of operations across the conflict continuum. It is also an applicable reference for the civilian leadership of partner United States departments and agencies. This manual is written primarily to assist the Army component commands, Army corps, Army divisions, brigade combat teams, maneuver enhancement brigades, theater special operations commands, and special operations task forces with the integration of Civil Affairs operations in planning, preparing for, executing, and assessing unified land operations.

10 Commanders, staffs, and subordinates ensure their decisions and actions comply with applicable United States, international, and, in some cases, host-nation laws and regulations. Commanders at all levels ensure their Soldiers operate in accordance with the law of war and the rules of engagement. (See FM 6-27.) FM 3-57 uses joint terms, where applicable. Selected joint and Army terms and definitions appear in both the glossary and the text. Terms for which FM 3-57 is the proponent publication (the authority) are marked with an asterisk (*) in the glossary. Definitions for which FM 3-57 is the proponent publication are boldfaced in the text. For other definitions shown in the text, the term is italicized and the number of the proponent publication follows the definition. FM 3-57 applies to the Active Army, the Army National Guard (or Army National Guard of the United States), and the United States Army Reserve unless otherwise stated.