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FOREST SERVICE HANDBOOK WASHINGTON FSH …

TIMBER CRUISING HANDBOOK1 FOREST SERVICE HANDBOOKWASHINGTONFSH - TIMBER CRUISING HANDBOOKA mendment POSTING NOTICE. Amendments are numbered consecutively by title andcalendar year. Post by document name. Remove entire document andreplace with this amendment. Retain this transmittal as the firstpage of this document. The last amendment to this HANDBOOK the original HANDBOOK . Superseded New Document Name (Number of Pages)00-05 3 Digest: Revises and updates entire HANDBOOK .

timber cruising handbook 6 united states department of agriculture forest service timber cruising handbook contents zero code chapter 10 principles of measuring trees

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Transcription of FOREST SERVICE HANDBOOK WASHINGTON FSH …

1 TIMBER CRUISING HANDBOOK1 FOREST SERVICE HANDBOOKWASHINGTONFSH - TIMBER CRUISING HANDBOOKA mendment POSTING NOTICE. Amendments are numbered consecutively by title andcalendar year. Post by document name. Remove entire document andreplace with this amendment. Retain this transmittal as the firstpage of this document. The last amendment to this HANDBOOK the original HANDBOOK . Superseded New Document Name (Number of Pages)00-05 3 Digest: Revises and updates entire HANDBOOK .

2 Significant changes indirection are as follows:l05 Adds new Adds reference section to zero Adds information on laser cruising Updates and adds instructions for volume estimators, addsreference to FSH , Timber Volume Estimators HANDBOOK . Adds definitions of statistical terms. Adds example calculations of cruise Updates direction for selecting cruise methods, timber cruiseplanning, data recording and cruise records. Adds direction on stratification of samples. Adds direction for global positioning system Updates and adds direction for certification of cruisers Adds direction for marking to reduce likelihood of trespassand for use of tracer Updates direction for trespass DALE ROBERTSONTIMBER CRUISING HANDBOOK2 ChiefTIMBER CRUISING HANDBOOK3 TIMBER CRUISING HANDBOOK4 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREFOREST SERVICEFSH TIMBER CRUISING HANDBOOKTIMBER CRUISING HANDBOOK5 TIMBER CRUISING HANDBOOK6 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREFOREST SERVICETIMBER CRUISING HANDBOOKC ontentsZERO CODECHAPTER10 PRINCIPLES OF MEASURING TREES20 ESTIMATING TREE VOLUME AND WEIGHT30 CRUISING SYSTEMS40 CRUISE PLANNING, DATA RECORDING.

3 AND CRUISE REPORTING50 AREA DETERMINATION60 QUALITY CONTROL70 DESIGNATING TIMBER FOR CUTTING80 MISCELLANEOUS TIMBER CRUISING SUBJECTS90 MISCELLANEOUS TABLESTIMBER CRUISING HANDBOOK7 TIMBER CRUISING HANDBOOK8 ZERO CODEC ontents01 AUTHORITY02 OBJECTIVE03 POLICY04 RESPONSIBILITY05 DEFINITIONS08 REFERENCESTIMBER CRUISING HANDBOOK9 TIMBER CRUISING HANDBOOK10 ZERO CODE01 - AUTHORITY. Timber use laws are cited in Title 36 of the Code ofFederal Regulations (CFR), Part 223, Subpart - OBJECTIVE. The objective of timber cruising is to providereliable estimates for timber appraisals. The timber volume estimateserves as the basis for payment on tree measurement sales or forbidding on scaled - POLICY. Regions and Forests shall use the procedures providedin this HANDBOOK when cruising timber for sales, free use, exchange,or in trespass - RESPONSIBILITY. It is the responsibility of the RegionalForester to:1.

4 Issue direction, as needed, to accommodate specific Regionaland local Approve the use of local and aerial volume estimates. Thisauthority may not be - DEFINITIONS. The following are special terms used throughoutthe text. See FSH for standards for data the tissues, including the cambium, taken collectivelyand forming the exterior covering of the xylem of a tree stem that has grown to substantial thickness;generally capable of yielding sawtimber, veneer logs, large poles, orpulpwood. Bolt--Any short log cut to a specific end--The end of a tree length originally connected to log - The lowest log on a rot - Any decay or rot developing in and sometimescharacteristically confined to the base or lower stem of a swell - That part of a log outside its normal taper,extending from where the normal taper ends and the flare begins tothe large end of the log.

5 It is usually manifest only in butt logs,due to the self-buttressing growth of the tree near its - An instrument for determining tree and log diametersby measurement of their rectangular projection on a straightgraduated rule via two arms at right angles to (and one of themsliding along) the rule - A defect on the surface of a tree or log resultingfrom a wound where healing has not reestablished the normal CRUISING HANDBOOK11 Charred wood - Wood converted to charcoal as a result ofincomplete - The fruiting body of a fungus denoting the presence ofrot. The conk may be of various shapes and log - A log not meeting the specified product requirementsdue to - Abbreviation for Diameter Breast Height; diameter atbreast height is measured at feet above the ground on the highside of the - The decomposition of wood substance caused by the actionof wood-destroying fungi, resulting in softening, loss of strengthand mass, and often in change of texture and color.

6 Examples ofdecay are:heart rot, sap rot, stump rot, and rotten - Any imperfection occurring in and affecting thequantity of products for which the log is being , small end - The average diameter, inside bark, at theupper end of the tree length or log tape - A circumference tape measure specially graduatedso the diameter may be read directly when the tape is placed arounda tree stem, bole, or piece of - Abbreviation for Diameter Inside Bark, a measurement ofthe diameter at a point on a tree or log that includes the wood - Abbreviation for Diameter Outside Bark, a measurement ofthe diameter at a point on a tree or log that includes the wood scar - A healing or healed-over injury on a woody plant,caused or aggravated by red heart - A form of incipient decay characterized by areddish color produced in the heartwood, which does not render thewood unfit for the majority of uses.

7 Firm red heart contains none ofthe white pockets characterizing the more advanced stage of - A rapid increase in the taper of a log at the butt enddue to swell (See "butt swell").Fork - A division of a log or a stem of a tree into two or volume - Total volume including check - A check or separation originating at the pith andextending across the annual rot - Any rot characteristically confined to theheartwood. It generally originates in the living CRUISING HANDBOOK12 Height - The measured length of the bole from a specified pointat or near the ground to a specified point higher on the bole oftree. (FSH )Heartwood - The inner core of a woody stem wholly composed ofnonliving cells and usually differentiated from the outer envelopinglayer (sapwood) by its darker color. Incipient decay - The early stage of decay in which thedecomposition has not proceeded far enough to soften or otherwisechange the hardness of the wood perceptibly.

8 It is usuallyaccompanied by a slight discoloration of the wood. (See "firm redheart.")Intermediate decay - A more advanced stage of decay thanincipient decay, characterized by a change in the color of the woodand some slight decomposition and loss of strength which does notrender the wood unfit for general purposes. (See "white specks.")Knot - A portion of a branch enclosed in the xylem by thenatural growth of the measure - A measure of - A section of the bole of a felled tree, after trimming rule - A table or equation that estimates product yieldcontained in logs of given length, form, and end diameter Height - The measured length of the bole from aspecified point at or near the ground to a point higher on the bolewhere it is too small or defective to meet a specified productutilization standard, such as pulpwood or wood - Wood absent from a log or part of a log thatotherwise would usually be regarded as naturally complete.

9 It may becaused by advanced decay, fire, or the operation of a machine volume - The volume remaining after all deductions fordefects from gross volume have been of round - Describes a shape that departs from - A condition in which the wood has ceased to losemoisture after being subjected to a temperature of 103 +2C in aoventilated oven, for purposes of determining moisture - A part of a whole (as of a tree); it also means anobject regarded as a unit of a kind (as one of a number of productsof the group).Pocket rot - In wood, any rot localized in small areas,generally forming round or lens-shaped - A commodity manufactured from a portion of a CRUISING HANDBOOK13 Product estimator - A procedure, equation, or table used toestimate the product volume of a tree or tree segment. Potentialsawn lumber measured in board feet is the most common productestimated.

10 Product estimators are frequently misclassified as Volume - A statement of the potential amount of amanufactured product; board feet, cubic feet, square feet, linealfeet and so - Wood cut and prepared primarily for manufacture intowood wood - A soft, weak, often spongy wood condition caused rot - Any rot localized mainly in the earlywood of theannual rings, giving a concentric pattern of decayed wood diameter - The specified bole diameter to which heightis height - The height measured to a specified point onthe tree shake - A shake that separates between the annual rings andpartially or completely encircles the - Any section of the stem or of the thicker branches,of a tree of commercial value that has been felled or cut but has notbeen processed beyond removing the limbs, or bark, or - A subset of a population, being representative of size - The number of sampling units included in a tree - An individual tree included in a sample for thepurpose of group - One of the units, groups or strata into which apopulation is subdivided for purposes of rot - Any rot characteristically confined to the - The living wood of pale color near the outside of (verb) - To measure or estimate the quantity, expressed asthe volume, or area, or length, or mass, or number of productsobtained from trees after they are felled.


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