FOREST SERVICE MANUAL NATIONAL …

1 2320 Page 1 of 55 FOREST SERVICE MANUAL NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS (WO) WASHINGTON, DC FSM 2300 - RECREATION, WILDERNESS, AND RELATED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CHAPTER 2320 - WILDERNESS MANAGEMENT Amendment No.: 2300-2007-1 Effective Date: January 22, 2007 Duration: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed. Approved: FREDERICK NORBURY Associate Deputy Chief, NFS Date Approved: 12/26/2006 Posting Instructions: Amendments are numbered consecutively by title and calendar year. Post by document; remove the entire document and replace it with this amendment. Retain this transmittal as the first page(s) of this document. The last amendment to this title was 2300-2006-3 to FSM 2350. New Document 2320 55 Pages Superseded Document(s) by Issuance Number and Effective Date (Amendment 2300-90-2, 06/21/1990) (Amendment 2300-90-1, 06/01/1990) id_2320-2006-1, 05/30/2006 26 Pages 22 Pages 3 Pages Digest: 2329 - Incorporates Interim directive No.

2 2320-2006-1, reserving code and caption for management of wilderness study areas for supplementation by field units. WO AMENDMENT 2300-2007-1 EFFECTIVE DATE: 01/22/2007 DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed. 2320 Page 2 of 55 FSM 2300 - RECREATION, WILDERNESS, AND RELATED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CHAPTER 2320 - WILDERNESS MANAGEMENT Table of Contents - Authority .. 6 - Regulations .. 7 - Objectives .. 7 - Policy .. 8 - Definitions .. 9 - The Wilderness Management Model and the Wilderness Act .. 11 2321 - ESTABLISHMENT OR MODIFICATION .. 13 - Legal Description and Map .. 13 2322 - WILDERNESS 13 - Authority .. 13 - Objectives .. 13 - Policy .. 14 - Responsibilities .. 15 - 15 - Regional Forester .. 15 - FOREST Supervisor.

3 15 - Wilderness Implementation Schedules .. 15 - Revision of Management Direction .. 15 2323 - MANAGEMENT OF OTHER RESOURCES IN WILDERNESS .. 16 - R esponsibilities .. 16 - 16 - Chief .. 16 - Regional Forester .. 16 - FOREST Supervisor .. 17 - District Ranger .. 18 - Management of Recreation .. 18 - Objectives .. 18 - Policy .. 18 - Improvements and Nonconforming Facilities and Activities .. 19 - Campsites .. 19 - Shelters .. 19 - Water Sources .. 19 - Boat Docks .. 20 - Recreation Stock Structures .. 20 - Transportation 20 - Outfitter and Guide Operations .. 21 - Competitive 21 - Visitor Management .. 21 - Management of Range .. 21 - Objective .. 21 - Policy .. 22 WO AMENDMENT 2300-2007-1 EFFECTIVE DATE: 01/22/2007 DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.

4 2320 Page 3 of 55 FSM 2300 - RECREATION, WILDERNESS, AND RELATED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CHAPTER 2320 - WILDERNESS MANAGEMENT - Grazing Management .. 27 - Permits .. 27 - Range Analysis .. 27 - Range Improvements .. 27 - Structural Range Improvements .. 28 - Nonstructural Range Improvements .. 29 - Management of Wildlife and Fish .. 30 - Objectives .. 30 - Policy .. 30 - Wildlife Management .. 31 - Reintroductions .. 31 - Habitat Surveys and Population Inventories .. 31 - Predator Control .. 31 - Other Wildlife Damage Control .. 31 - Furbearers .. 31 - Fisheries Management .. 32 - Stocking Programs .. 32 - Stocking Methods .. 32 - Stocking Policy .. 32 - Inventory of Suitable Waters .. 33 - Spawn Taking .. 33 - Chemical Treatment.

5 33 - Wildlife and Fish Habitat .. 33 - Manipulation of Wildlife Habitat .. 33 - Manipulation of Fish Habitat .. 34 - Disease Outbreaks .. 34 - Wildlife and Fish Research .. 34 - Visitor Management to Protect Wildlife or Fish Resources .. 35 - Management of Soil and Water 35 - Objective .. 35 - Policy .. 35 - Watershed Improvements .. 35 - Watershed Condition Improvement .. 35 - Emergency Burned Area Rehabilitation .. 35 - New Water Development Structures .. 36 - Existing Water Development Structures .. 36 - Gathering Water Resource Information .. 36 - Snow Measurement Sites .. 37 - Weather Modification Over Wilderness .. 37 - Management of FOREST Cover .. 38 - Objective .. 38 - Policy .. 38 - Tree Use .. 38 WO AMENDMENT 2300-2007-1 EFFECTIVE DATE: 01/22/2007 DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed.

6 2320 Page 4 of 55 FSM 2300 - RECREATION, WILDERNESS, AND RELATED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CHAPTER 2320 - WILDERNESS MANAGEMENT - Administrative Use .. 38 - Fuelwood .. 38 - Reforestation .. 39 - Management of Air Resource .. 39 - Objectives .. 39 - Policy .. 39 - Management of Minerals and Mineral Materials .. 39 - Authority .. 39 - Objectives .. 40 - Policy .. 40 - Gathering Mineral Information .. 40 - Valid Existing 41 - Mining Claim .. 41 - Federal Lease or Permit .. 42 - Mineral Reservation or Outstanding Mineral Right .. 42 - Mineral Materials .. 42 - Management of Cultural and Historic Resources .. 42 - Authority .. 42 - Policy .. 42 - Studies and Management .. 43 2324 - MANAGEMENT OF SUPPORT ACTIVITIES IN WILDERNESS .. 43 - Responsibilities.

7 43 - 43 - Regional Forester .. 44 - FOREST Supervisor .. 44 - Management of Insects and Diseases .. 45 - Objectives .. 45 - Policy .. 45 - Detection .. 45 - Evaluation of Epidemics .. 45 - Control Measures .. 46 - Management of 46 - Objectives .. 46 - Policy .. 46 - Fire Management Activities .. 47 - Management of Structures and Improvements .. 48 - Objective .. 48 - Planning .. 48 - Structures and Improvements Needed for Administration .. 48 - Administrative Sites .. 48 - Fire Lookouts .. 48 - Fences .. 49 - Airfields .. 49 WO AMENDMENT 2300-2007-1 EFFECTIVE DATE: 01/22/2007 DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed. 2320 Page 5 of 55 FSM 2300 - RECREATION, WILDERNESS, AND RELATED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CHAPTER 2320 - WILDERNESS MANAGEMENT - Heliports and Helispots.

8 49 - Signs .. 49 - Communication Structures .. 50 - Other Agency Structures .. 50 - Structures and Improvements Needed for Special Use Permit Operations .. 50 - Research in Wilderness .. 50 - Objective .. 50 - Policy .. 50 2325 - PRIVATE LANDS WITHIN WILDERNESS DESIGNATED UNDER PUBLIC LAW 93-622 .. 51 - Authority .. 51 - Responsibilities .. 51 - Regional Forester .. 51 - FOREST Supervisor .. 51 2326 - USE OF MOTORIZED EQUIPMENT OR MECHANICAL TRANSPORT IN WILDERNESS .. 52 - Objectives .. 52 - Policy .. 52 - Responsibility .. 52 - 52 - Regional Forester .. 52 - FOREST Supervisor .. 53 - Conditions Under Which Use May Be Approved .. 53 - Use of Motorized Equipment by Other Government Agencies .. 54 - Use of Motorized Equipment by Valid Occupants of NATIONAL FOREST Land.

9 54 - Access to Surrounded State and Private Land, Valid Mining Claims, or Other Valid Occupancies .. 54 2327 - RECORDS AND REPORTS .. 55 - Annual Report to 55 2328 - MANAGEMENT OF CERTAIN WILDERNESS AREAS .. 55 - Responsibilities .. 55 2329 - MANAGEMENT OF WILDERNESS STUDY AREAS [RESERVED] .. 55 WO AMENDMENT 2300-2007-1 EFFECTIVE DATE: 01/22/2007 DURATION: This amendment is effective until superseded or removed. 2320 Page 6 of 55 FSM 2300 - RECREATION, WILDERNESS, AND RELATED RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CHAPTER 2320 - WILDERNESS MANAGEMENT This chapter contains direction for those portions of the NATIONAL FOREST System that are designated by Congress as units in the NATIONAL Wilderness Preservation System. Wilderness is a unique and vital resource. In addition to offering primitive recreation opportunities, it is valuable for its scientific and educational uses, as a benchmark for ecological studies, and for the preservation of historical and natural features.

10 Manage the wilderness resource to ensure its character and values are dominant and enduring. Its management must be consistent over time and between areas to ensure its present and future availability and enjoyment as wilderness. Manage wilderness to ensure that human influence does not impede the free play of natural forces or interfere with natural successions in the ecosystems and to ensure that each wilderness offers outstanding opportunities for solitude or a primitive and unconfined type of recreation. Manage wilderness as one resource rather than a series of separate resources (sec. ). - Authority The principal laws affecting the administration of NATIONAL FOREST wilderness areas are: 1. The Wilderness Act of 1964, as enacted September 3, 1964, and amended October 21, 1978 (16 1131-1136), specifies congressional policy to secure for the American people an enduring resource of wilderness for the enjoyment of present and future generations.