FOUNDATIONS OF GEOPOLITICS

1 FOUNDATIONS OF GEOPOLITICS . A. Dugin Book 1. From the editorial board 7. INTRODUCTION nine Definition of " GEOPOLITICS " nine Tellurocracy and thalassocracy eleven Geopolitical teleology Rimland 13. and "border zones" fourteen GEOPOLITICS as destiny sixteen PART I THE FOUNDING FATHERS OF GEOPOLITICS eighteen Chapter 1. Friedrich Ratzel States as spatial organisms eighteen Education: German "organic school" eighteen States as living organisms eighteen Raum the political organization of the soil nineteen Law of expansion twenty Weltmacht and the sea 21. Chapter 2. Rudolf Kjellen and Friedrich Naumann "Central Europe" 22. The definition of a new science 22. The state as a form of life and the interests of Germany 22. Towards the concept of Central Europe 23. Chapter 3. Halford Mackinder "The Geographical Pivot of History" 24.

2 Scientist and politician 24. Geographical axis of history 24. Russia's key position 26. Three geopolitical periods 28. Chapter 4. Alfred Mahan "The Might of the Sea" 29. Sea Power 29. Marine civilization = commercial civilization 29. Conquest of the world USA manifest destiny thirty Chapter 5. Vidal de la Blache "France against Germany" 33. The picture of the geography of France 33. Possibilism 33. France for "Sea Force" 34. Chapter 6. Nicholas Speakman "Mackinder's Revision, Centrality of the Rimland" 34. Serving America 34. Mackinder Correction 35. Power rating scale 36. Middle Ocean 36. The Architect of the American Victory 37. Chapter 7. Karl Haushofer "Continental Block" 39. War and Thought 39. New Eurasian Order 40. Compromise with Thalassocracy 41. Chapter 8. Carl Schmitt "Behemoth versus Leviathan" 43. Conservative revolutionary 43.

3 Earth Nomos 44. Land and Sea 44. Grossraum 45. Total war and the "partisan" figure 46. Chapter 9. Pyotr Nikolaevich Savitsky "Eurasia Middle Earth" 48. The fate of the Eurasian 48. Russia-Eurasia 48. Turan 49. Location fifty Ideocracy 51. USSR and Eurasianism 52. Chapter 10. GEOPOLITICS as an instrument of national policy 54. Planetary dualism is the basic law of GEOPOLITICS 54. A geopolitician cannot but be engaged 54. The fate of scientists the fate of powers 56. Part II MODERN GEOPOLITICAL THEORIES OF ISHCOLA (second half XX century) 58. Chapter 1. Overview 58. Chapter 2. Modern Atlantism 61. Followers of Speakman Mainig, W. Kirk, Coen, K. Gray, G. Kissinger 61. Atlantists won the Cold War 62. Aerocracy and Aetherocracy 64. Two versions of the latest Atlanticism 66. Clash of Civilizations: Huntington's Neo-Atlanticism 67.

4 Chapter 3. Mondialism 70. Prehistory of Mondialism 70. Convergence theory 72. Planetary victory for the West 72. "End of History" by Francis Fukuyama 73. "Geoeconomics" by Jacques Attali 74. Professor Santoro's Post-Catastrophic Mondialism 75. Chapter 4. Applied GEOPOLITICS 77. "Internal GEOPOLITICS " the Yves Lacoste school 77. Electoral " GEOPOLITICS " 77. Mediacracy as a "geopolitical" factor 78. History of GEOPOLITICS 78. "Applied GEOPOLITICS " is not GEOPOLITICS 79. Chapter 5. GEOPOLITICS of the European "new right" 80. Europe of one hundred flags. Alain de Benoit 80. Europe from Vladivostok to Dublin. Jean Thiriard 81. Thinking continents. Jordis von Lohausen 82. Eurasian Empire of the End. Jean Parvulesco 84. Indian Ocean as a path to world domination. Robert Stoykers 85. Russia + Islam = salvation of Europe. Carlo Terracciano 86.

5 Chapter 6. Neo-Eurasianism 88. Eurasian passion Lev Gumilev 88. New Russian Eurasians 90. Towards a new bipolarity 92. -2- PART III RUSSIA AND SPACE Chapter 1. 94. Heartland 94. Chapter 2. The Rimland Problem 94. Chapter 3. Gathering the Empire 96. Chapter 4. Warm and Cold Seas 98. PART IV THE GEOPOLITICAL FUTURE OF RUSSIA 100. Chapter 1. The need for a radical alternative 100. Chapter 2. What are "Russian national interests"? 102. Russians today have no State 102. The concept of "post-imperial legitimacy" 103. The Russian people are the center of the geopolitical concept 105. Chapter 3. Russia is unthinkable without the Empire 109. The lack of a "nation-state" among Russians 109. Russian people of the Empire 110. The "regional power" trap 112. Criticism of Soviet statehood 114. Criticism of the tsarist statehood 117.

6 Towards a new Eurasian Empire 120. Chapter 4. Redivision of the world 123. Land and sea. Common enemy 123. western axis: Moscow Berlin. European Empire and Eurasia 125. Axis Moscow Tokyo. Pan-Asian project. To the Eurasian Trilateral Commission 130. Axis Moscow Tehran. Central Asian Empire. Pan-Arab project 135. Empire of many Empires 140. Chapter 5. The fate of Russia in imperial Eurasia 142. Geopolitical magic for national purposes 142. Russian nationalism. Ethnic demography and empire 144. Russian question after the coming Victory 147. Chapter 6. Military Aspects of the Empire 150. Priority of nuclear and intercontinental capabilities 150. What kind of armed forces does the great Russia need? 152. Chapter 7. Technology and resources 156. Technological deficit 156. Russian resources 158. Chapter 8. Economic aspects of the "New Empire" 160.

7 Economics of the "third way" 160. Economic regionalism 164. Chapter 9. Conclusion 168. PART V INTERNAL GEOPOLITICS OF RUSSIA Chapter 169. 1. Subject and method 169. Domestic GEOPOLITICS of Russia depends on its planetary function 169. Internal GEOPOLITICS and military doctrine 170. Center and periphery 171. Internal axes ("geopolitical rays") 173. Chapter 2. The Way to the North 175. Analysis model 175. Geopolitical nature of the Russian Arctic 175. North + North 176. North + Center 178. The Finnish Question 180. North and Non-North 181. -3- Summary 185. Chapter 3. Challenge of the East 187. "Inner East" (scope of the concept) 187. Belt of "Russian Siberia" (structure) 188. Positional battle for Lenaland 191. Capital of Siberia 193. Chapter 4. New geopolitical order of the South 195. The "new geopolitical order" of the South 195.

8 Zones and mountain-boundaries 196. Balkans 197. The problem of sovereign Ukraine 198. Between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea 199. New geopolitical order in Central Asia 202. The Fall of China 205. From the Balkans to Manchuria 207. Chapter 5. Threat from the West 209. Two West 209. Destroy the "cordon sanitaire" 211. Baltic Federation 213. Catholics-Slavs enter Central Europe 214. Unification of Belarus and Great Russia 215. Geopolitical decomposition of Ukraine 216. Romania and Moldova integration under what sign? 219. Condition: soil, not blood 220. PART VI EURASIAN ANALYSIS 222. Chapter 1. GEOPOLITICS of Orthodoxy 222. East and West Christian ecumene 222. Post-Byzantine Orthodoxy 224. Petersburg period 226. National liberation of Orthodox peoples 227. Megale Idea 227. "Inscription" 228. Greater Romania 229. Great Bulgaria 229.

9 Orthodox Albania 230. Geopolitical lobbies in Orthodox countries 230. Russian Orthodox Church and Soviets 231. Summary 232. Chapter 2. State and territory 234. The Three Most Important Geopolitical Categories 234. Regionalism of right and left 235. The New Big Space: Mondialism or Empire? 236. GEOPOLITICS of Russia 237. Chapter 3. Geopolitical problems of the near abroad 239. Laws of Large Space 239. Pax Americana and the GEOPOLITICS of mondialism 239. The paradox of Russia 240. Russia remains the "Axis of History" 240. Mitteleuropa and the European Empire 241. Germany the heart of Europe 241. "Join Europe" 242. Boundaries of "freedom" and lost advantages 243. - four - "Sanitary cordon" 243. Transformation from province to colony 244. Asia before a choice 245. Continental Perspectives of the "Islamic Revolution" 245.

10 The "Pan-Turkism" Trap 246. Oil dollars and mondialism 247. At least two poles or .. death 248. Chapter 4. Perspectives of the Civil War 250. National interests and the mondialist lobby 250. Variants of the alignment of forces 252. Summary of the analysis 256. Chapter 5. GEOPOLITICS of the Yugoslav conflict 259. Symbolism of Yugoslavia 259. Three European powers 259. True Croats 260. The truth of the Serbs 261. The truth of Yugoslav Muslims 262. Truth of the Macedonians 263. Priorities of the Yugoslav War 264. Serbia is Russia 265. Chapter 6. From sacred geography to GEOPOLITICS 267. GEOPOLITICS is an "intermediate" science 267. Land and sea 267. Landscape symbolism 268. East and West in sacred geography 269. East and West in modern GEOPOLITICS 270. Sacred North and Sacred South 272. People of the North 274. People of the South 274.