FP7 Contract Number: 233786 - Transfeu

1 Transfeu P. Medium scale Collaborative project Transfeu . Transport Fire Safety Engineering in the European Union FP7 Contract Number: 233786 . WP2 Fire test for toxicity of fire effluents Deliverable report - Review of fire tests for fire effluents from transport products Document Information Document Name: Transfeu P. Document ID: Transfeu P. Version: V3 Final Version Date: 27/08/2009. Authors: Peter Briggs, Beth Dean, Janet Murrell, Alain Sainrat, Eric Guillaume, Per Blomqvist, Maria Hjohlman, Silvio Messa, Claudio Baiocchi, Jolanta Radziszewska-Wolinska, Michael Halfmann, Esko Mikkola, Tuula Hakkarainen, Izaskun Martinez Security: Confidential Date 12/11/2012 Version 3 P. Security: Confidential Page 1/44.

2 Transfeu P. Approvals Name Organization Date Visa Coordinator Alain Sainrat LNE 15/11/2012. Scientific panel Scientific Panel Transfeu 15/11/2012. Document history Revision Date Modification Reviewer V3 F 28/08/09 Validation Scientific Panel Version: V3 P - Date: 15/11/2012. Security: Confidential Page II. Transfeu P. Contents Executive summary .. 4. 1. Description of the deliverable content and purpose .. 4. 2. Brief description of the state of the art and the innovation brought .. 4. 3. Deviation from objectives .. 5. 1. Introduction .. 6. 2. European Transport Regulations .. 6. 1. Railway vehicles .. 6. 2. Marine and other vessels .. 7. 3. Road vehicles .. 9. 4. Aircraft ..10. 3. National tests for toxicity of fire effluents for railway vehicles.

3 10. 1. France ..11. 2. United Kingdom ..12. 3. Italy ..12. 4. Poland ..14. 5. Germany ..15. 6. National tests of non-EU countries ..18. 4. European tests for toxicity of fire effluents for railway vehicles ..22. 5. International tests for toxicity of fire effluents ..26. 1. International Standards Organization (ISO) ..26. 2. International Maritime Organization (IMO) ..29. 3. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) ..31. 4. Union Internationale des Chemins de Fer (UIC)..33. 6. Gas analysis methods ..34. 1. Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectrometry (FTIR) ..34. 2. Other gas analysis 7. Precision of test methods ..35. 8. Validation of test methods ..36. 9. Conclusions and recommendations ..38. 10.

4 References ..40. 1. National tests ..40. 2. European 3. International tests ..41. 4. 5. Research ..44. Version: V3 P - Date: 15/11/2012. Security: Confidential Page III. Transfeu P. Executive summary 1. Description of the deliverable content and purpose This report describes the results of a review by the fire laboratory partners of the Transfeu Project into the toxicity test methods that are currently available for gaseous fire effluents generated by products installed in surface transportation. The review covered national tests (European and global) and international tests (especially those of ISO, IEC and IMO). These tests are used for regulating fire safety in railway vehicles, marine vessels and road vehicles.

5 The review has critically studied the fire models used in the current tests and the type of products that can be assessed by these methods. It is particularly pertinent to consider size and geometry of the test specimen, temperature and ventilation in the test chamber, the thermal attack of ignition sources and the duration of combustion. It is important to simulate the end-use conditions of transport products in laboratory testing as closely as possible. The relevance of the test conditions to the installed product does not appear to have been considered by the designers of many smoke and toxicity tests for transport products. Many tests that are in current use are potency tests that are conducted on small specimens.

6 The tests proposed in the Transfeu Project should allow more relevant laboratory conditions to be simulated. The validation of the smaller laboratory tests by real scale tests and by the applied principles of fire safety engineering (FSE) should help the development of an improved classification methodology. The analysis of fire gases has developed significantly in recent years and the application of Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectrometry (FTIR) to the assessment of combustion products should allow better predictive methods, especially those that can use FSE modelling techniques. Few national or international methods exist today that can continuously analyse the composition of gaseous mixtures in smoke.

7 This project will help the European surface transport industry to provide more fire safe vehicles. It will develop new tools and classification criteria to assist vehicle designers in the provision of means for safe evacuation in the event of fires on board surface transport, especially trains and ships. 2. Brief description of the state of the art and the innovation brought This review has confirmed the important role that ISO/TC92 Fire Safety' has in developing improved fire safety standards for buildings as well as surface transport. The current work programmes of all four subcommittees of ISO/TC92 are relevant to the objectives of the Transfeu Project. The review has identified work items and publications that should contribute to the work of other standardization bodies involved in the fire safety of products fitted to surface transport; these bodies are both European (such as CEN/TC256 and CENELEC/TC9X) and International (such as IEC, IMO and ISO/TC61).

8 The review has also shown that some previous European fire research projects (such as SAFIR, FIRESTARR, CBUF, BENEFEU and FIPEC) have provided valuable scientific knowledge, which will ensure better recommendations to European regulators, specifiers and industry. Many of the fire laboratories that participated in these fire research projects are providing their experimental and FSE experience to the Transfeu Project. This review has recommended five key requirements for fire test tooling and five requirements for a classification system for fire effluents from transport products. It is V3 P - Date: 15/11/2012. Security: Confidential Page 4/44. Transfeu P. proposed that these recommendations will form the basis for the objectives of the other Work Packages of the Transfeu project.

9 3. Deviation from objectives No deviation to highlight. V3 P - Date: 15/11/2012. Security: Confidential Page 5/44. Transfeu P. 1. Introduction In this Task, the current tests, which have been developed for the determination of the toxicity of fire effluents, have been reviewed. The laboratories have set out to justify which test (or tests) may be suitable for further development for characterising the smoke emission properties of transport products, especially railway products. Emphasis has been placed on test methods that have been standardized internationally or within Europe. The Transfeu . fire research and testing partners contributed to this review and brought their national and international experience to the project.

10 The fire models (including size and geometry of test specimen, temperature and ventilation within test apparatus, heat exposure and ignition sources, duration of combustion) have been examined. Mass-based combustion tube methods and area-based methods (both cumulative and well-ventilated) are considered as candidates for the applied research in this project. The sampling procedure of effluent gases was considered. Continuous gas analysis is required since this procedure generates test-data that may be more readily related to the stages of fire growth and will enable more relevant application of fire models to various fire scenarios on railway vehicles. Methods of analysis of effluent gases were examined.