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1 POLYMER HANDBOOK FOURTH EDITION Editors J. BRANDRUP, E. H. IMMERGUT, and E. A. GRULKE Associate Editors A. ABE D. R. BLOCH A WILEY-INTERSCIENCE PUBLICATION JOHN WlLEY & SONS, INC. New York Chichester Weinheim Brisbane Singapore Toronto This book is printed on acid-free paper. @Copyright 1999 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights simultaneously in part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval systemor transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permittedunder Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act,without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, orauthorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to theCopyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923,(978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4744.

2 Requests to the Publisher forpermission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, JohnWiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012, (212)850-6011, fax (212) 850-6008, E-Mail: PERMREQ @ of Congress Cataloging-in-Puhlication Data:Polymer Handbook / Editors: J. Brandrup, E. H. Immergut, andE. A. Grulke;Associate Editors, A. Abe, D. R. Bloch. - 4th cm."A Wiley-Interscience Publication."Includes 0-471-16628-6 (cloth : alk. paper)1. Polymers Tables. 2. Polymerization Tables. I. Brandrup, Immergut, E. H. III. Grulke, Eric 98-37261 Printed in the United States of 98765432 ContributorsAbe, Institute of Polytechnics, Atsugi, JapanAllegra, di Chimica del Politecnico, Milano, ItalyAndreeva, L.

3 Of High Molecular Weight Compounds, RussianAcademy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian FederationAndrews, R, and Materials Engineering Department, University ofKentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USABai, Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, Univeristyof Akron, Akron, USAB areiss, R. Office, Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics,Mainz, FR GermanyBarrales-Rienda, J. de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Polfmeros, Madrid, SpainBello, de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Polfmeros, Madrid, SpainBello, de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Polfmeros, Madrid, SpainBloch, D. Research, Racine, Wisconsin, USAB randrup, , FR GermanyCalhoun, B. Maurice Morton Institute of Polymers Science, Universityof Akron, Akron USAC asassa, E. of Chemistry, Carneagfe-Mellon University, Pitts-burgh, Pennsylvania, USAC heng, S.

4 Z. Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, Universityof Akron, Akron, Ohio, USAChiu, Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, Universityof Akron, Akron, Ohio, USACho, Science and Engineering Department, DankookUniversity, Seoul, South KoreaCollins, E. Lake, Ohio, USAD aniels, C. Geon Company, Avon Lake, Ohio, USADeLassus, P. Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, Texas, USAD ixon, K. Nobel Chemicals, Inc., Dobbs Ferry, New York, USAE lias, Molecular Institute, Midland, Michigan, USAFink, fur Kohlenforschung, Miilheim an derRuhr, FR GermanyFink, Institut fiir angewandte Polymerforschung, Teltow-Seehof, FR GermanyFouassier, J. de Photochimie Generate, Ecole NationaleSuperieure de Chimie, Mulhouse, FranceFu, Maurice Morton Institute and Department of PolymerScience, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USAF uruta, Synthetic Rubber Company Ltd.

5 , Yokkaichi, Mie,JapanGanster, Institute for Applied Polymer Research, Teltow-Seehof, GermanyGreenley, R. Corporation (retired), St. Louis, Missouri, USAG rulke, E. and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky,Lexington, Kentucky, USAGoh, S. of Chemistry, National University of Singapore,SingaporeGuzman G. de Ciencia y Tecnologfa de Polfmeros, Madrid,SpainHill, D. J. of Chemistry, University of Queensland, St. Lucia,AustraliaHiltner, of Macromolecular Science, School of EngineeringCase Western University, Cleveland, Ohio, USAI nomata, of Polymer Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technol-ogy, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, JapanIwama, Synthetic Rubber Company Ltd., Yokkaichi, Mie,JapanJenkins, A. of Chemistry, Physics and Environmental Science,University of Sussex, Brighton, Sussex, UKJenkins, of Chemistry, Physics and Environmental Science,University of Sussex, Brighton, Sussex, UKJohnson, Library, University of Kentucky, Lexington,Kentucky, USAK amachi, of Applied Physics and Chemistry, Fukui Uni-versity of Technology, Gakuen, Fukui, JapanKerbow, D.

6 Fluoroproducts, Wilmington, Delaware, USAK imura, Synthetic Rubber Company Ltd., Yokkaichi, Mie,JapanKorte, Ferschung, Bayer AG, Leverkunsen, FR GermanyKrause, of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,Troy, New York, USAK urata, for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto,JapanLechner, M. Chemie, Universitat Osnabriick, Osnabriick, FRGermanyLeonard, de Chimie and CERSIM, Universite Laval,Quebec, CanadaLi, Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, Universityof Akron, Akron, Ohio, USAL iggat, of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University ofStrathclyde, Glasgow, ScotlandLindemann, , South Carolina, USALuft, fur Chemische Technologie, Technische Hochschule,Darmstadt, FR GermanyMagill, J. of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania, USAMcKenna, T.

7 Nationale de Ia Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire deChimie et Procedes de Polymerisation/Departement Genie desProcedes, Villeurbanne, FranceMehta, R. Nylon, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USAM ettle, S. di Chimica del Politecnico, Milano, ItalyMetanomski, W. Abstracts Service, Columbus, Ohio, USAM ichielsen, of Textile and Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute ofTechnology, Atlanta, Georgia, USAM iller, R. Molecular Institute, Midland, Michigan, USAM orita, Atomic Energy Research Institute, Takasaki,Gunma-ken, JapanMuck, GmbH, Kelsterbach, FR GermanyNagai, Technical Association, Osaka, JapanNordmeier, Chemie, Universitat Osnabriick, OsnabriickFR GermanyOgo, Institute for Solvothermal Technology, Hayashi,Takamatsu, Kagawa, JapanOrwoll, R. of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USAP auly, fur Permeationspriifung, Wiesbaden,FR GermanyPeebles, L.

8 H., Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington,DC, USAP erera, M. C. Resonance Facility, School of Science, GriffithUniversity, Nathan, AustraliaPorzio, di Chimica delle Macromolecole del , Milano,ItalyPyda, of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,Tennessee, USAQ uirk, R. Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, Universityof Akron, Akron, Ohio, USAR iande, de Ciencia y Tecnologia de Polimeros, Madrid,SpainRichter, W. fur Kohlenforschung, Miilheim an derRuhr, FR GermanyRothe, of UIm, UIm, FR GermanyRule, Cola Company, Atlanta, Georgia, USAS alort, J. , SpainSalom, Tecnica Superior de Ingenieros Aeronauticos, Uni-versidad Politecnica, Madrid, SpainSanchez, I. Engineering Department, University of Texas atAustin, Austin, Texas, USAS antos, A.

9 De Engenharia Quimica de Lorena - FAENQUIL,Lorena, Sao Paulo, BrazilSchoff, C. Industries, Allison Park, Pennsylvania, USAS chuld, fur Physikalische Chemie, Universitat Mainz, Mainz,FR GermanySeferis, J. Engineering Department, University of Washington,Seattle, Washington, USAS eguchi, Atomic Energy Research Institute, Takasaki, Gunma-ken,JapanSchrader, Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, USAS perati, C. Engineering Department, Ohio University, Athens,Ohio, USAS teinmeier, D. Chemie, Universitat Osnabriick, Osnabruck,FR GermanyTsunashima, for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto,JapanTsvetkov, N. of High Molecular Weight Compounds, RussianAcademy of Science, St. Petersburg, Russian FederationTsvetkov, V. of High Molecular Weight Compounds, RussianAcademy of Science, St.

10 Petersburg, Russian FederationUeda, Municipal Technical Research Institute, Morinomiya,Joto-ku, Osaka, JapanWagener, K. of Chemistry and Center for MacromolecularScience and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville,Florida, USAW hiteman, N. Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, Texas, USAW itenhafer, D. , Ohio, USAWolf, B. fur Physikalische Chemie, Universitat Mainz, Mainz,FR GermanyWu, I. DuPont de Nemours, Central Research and DevelopmentDepartment, Experimental Station, Wilmington, DelawareWunderlich, of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville,Tennessee, USAW underlich, GmbH, Darmstadt, FR GermanyYamada, of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Technology,Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, JapanZhu, Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, Universityof Akron, Akron, Ohio, USAP refaceThe purpose of the Polymer Handbook is to bring togetherthe data and constants needed in theoretical and experi-mental polymer research.