FRMS Implementation Guide for Operators July 2011 - ICAO

1 FATIGUE RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (FRMS) Implementation Guide FOR Operators TABLE OF CONTENTS July 2011 Page 1 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK FATIGUE RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (FRMS) Implementation Guide FOR Operators July 2011 Page 1 EXECUTIVE LETTER Dear Colleagues, Air travel continues to be the safest means of transportation, but that does not allow for us to become complacent. We continually strive for improvements in our industry safety record, which is a testament to our ongoing commitment to safety.

2 Fatigue Risk Management Systems (FRMS) continues the move from prescriptive to performance based regulatory oversight. As in Safety Management Systems (SMS), FRMS strives to find the realistic balance between safety, productivity and costs in an organization, through collection of data and a formal assessment of risk. Traditionally, crewmember fatigue has been managed through prescribed limits on maximum flight and duty hours, based on a historical understanding of fatigue through simple work and rest period relationships.

3 New knowledge related to the effects of sleep and circadian rhythms provides an additional dimension to the management of fatigue risks. An FRMS provides a means of adding this safety dimension, allowing Operators to work both safer and more efficiently. This FRMS Implementation Guide for Operators is a significant milestone. It marks the successful collaboration between iata , IFALPA and icao to jointly lead and serve industry in the ongoing development of fatigue management, using the most current science.

4 The input of these three organizations has ensured that this document presents a scientifically-based approach that is widely acceptable to the Operators and the crew members who will be using it. It also offers this information in an accessible and practical way to assist Implementation . We are extremely proud to mutually introduce this FRMS Implementation Guide for Operators , which will contribute to the improved management of fatigue risk, and to ultimately achieve our common goal of improving aviation safety worldwide.

5 Guenther Matschnigg Senior Vice President Safety, Operations & Infrastructure, iata Nancy Graham Director Air Navigation Bureau ICAODon Wykoff President international Federation of Air Line Pilots Associations FATIGUE RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (FRMS) Implementation Guide FOR Operators Page 2 July 2011 DISCLAIMER The information contained in this publication is subject to constant review in the light of changing government requirements and regulations .

6 No subscriber or other reader should act on the basis of any such information without referring to applicable laws and regulations and without taking appropriate professional advice. Although every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, the international Air transport association ( iata ), the international Civil Aviation Organization ( icao ), the international Federation of Airline Pilots Associations (IFALPA), and other contributors to this publication shall not be held responsible for any loss or damage caused by errors, omissions, misprints or misinterpretation of the contents hereof.

7 Furthermore, the international Air transport association , the international Civil Aviation Organization, the international Federation of Airline Pilots Associations, and the contributors to this publication expressly disclaim any and all liability to any person or entity, whether a purchaser of this publication or not, in respect of anything done or omitted, and the consequences of anything done or omitted, by any such person or entity in reliance on the contents of this publication. Opinions expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the international Air transport association , international Civil Aviation Organization, nor the international Federation of Airline Pilots Associations.

8 The mention of specific companies, products in this publication does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the any of the above in preference to others of a similar nature which are not mentioned. No part of this publication may be reproduced, recast, reformatted or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the authors. FATIGUE RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (FRMS) Implementation Guide FOR OPERATORSTABLE OF CONTENTS July 2011 Page 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TO WHAT IS A FATIGUE RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM?

9 1 WHY THE AVIATION INDUSTRY IS INTRODUCING icao REQUIREMENTS FOR FATIGUE RISK MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE OF THIS SCIENCE FOR ESSENTIAL SLEEP What is Happening in the Brain During Sleep ..1 The Issue of Sleep Quality ..5 Consequences of Not Getting Enough INTRODUCTION TO CIRCADIAN Examples of Circadian Rhythm ..10 The Circadian Body Clock and 3 Sensitivity of the Circadian Body Clock to Light ..14 Shift Work .. 15 Jet Lag ..17 SUMMARY OF ESSENTIAL SCIENCE FOR FRMS.

10 20 FRMS POLICY AND DOCUMENTATION ..1 FRMS Scope of the FRMS ..3 Things that the FRMS Policy Must Cover ..4 EXAMPLES OF FRMS POLICY FRMS Policy Statement for a Major Air FRMS Policy Statement for a Small Operator Providing Medical Evacuation Services ..7 FRMS Example of Terms of Reference for a Fatigue Safety Action Group ..9 FATIGUE RISK MANAGEMENT (FRM) PROCESSES ..1 INTRODUCTION TO FRM FRM PROCESSES STEP 1: IDENTIFY THE OPERATIONS FRM PROCESSES STEP 2: GATHER DATA AND FRM PROCESSES STEP 3: HAZARD Predictive Hazard Identification Processes.