From housing to - The Housing Development Agency

1 From Housing to human settlements Evolving Perspectives ii From Housing to human settlements: A City Perspective Acknowledgements Contributors: Sarah Charlton, catherine Cross, Janet Cherry, Stuart Denoon-Stevens, Ronald Eglin, David Gardner, Nick Graham, Meagan Jooste, Stacey-Leigh Joseph, Geci Karuri-Sebina, Pierre-Louis Lemercier, Monty Narsoo, Ian Palmer, Edgar Pieterse, Margot Rubin, Alison Tshangana, Mirjam van Donk, Ahmed Vawda, Vuyo Zitumane. Project Manager: Stacey-Leigh Joseph (SACN), supported by Thoko Vukea (SACN) and Geci Karuri-Sebina (SACN). Content Editing and Proofreading: Kristina Davidson (Write to the Point). Design and Layout: InkDesign. A special thank you for the contribution of the sector specialists who reviewed the chapters in this publication: Anton Arendse, Michael Kihato, Monty Narsoo, Ulrike Rwida, Alison Tshangana, Ahmed Vawda. Thank you also to the human settlements officials from the SACN member cities who provided valuable reflection on an earlier draft of this publication.

2 Date: August 2014. ISBN: 978-0-620-62039-0. iii Contents Acknowledgements .. ii List of Figures .. v List of Tables .. vi List of Acronyms .. vii Author Profiles .. x Preface .. xiii Ahmed Vawda Introduction .. 1. Stacey-Leigh Joseph and Geci Karuri-Sebina Intergovernmental Funding Framework .. 13. Alison Tshangana Municipal Planning Framework .. 29. Nick Graham, Meagan Jooste and Ian Palmer iv From Housing to human settlements: A City Perspective The Human Settlements Mandate: A Tale of Two Cities .. 55. Vuyo Zitumane Post-intervention Analysis: The Evolution of Housing Projects into Sustainable Human Settlements .. 75. Sarah Charlton, David Gardner and Margot Rubin Youth, Housing and Urban Location: Economic Entry for the Excluded Poor .. 95. catherine Cross The Role of Land Management in Shaping (or Preventing) the Creation of Sustainable Human Settlements .. 123. Stuart Paul Denoon-Stevens Citizenship, Design Activism and Institutionalising Informal Settlement Upgrading.

3 149. Edgar Pieterse and Mirjam van Donk Research Studies .. 173. Piloting sustainable human settlements in a localised economy .. 174. Pierre-Louis Lemercier and Janet Cherry Managed land settlement: an incremental approach to human settlements .. 185. Ronald Eglin Moving from Housing to Human Settlements: Opportunities for Cities .. 193. Monty Narsoo v List of Figures Figure 1: Evolution of infrastructure grants for local government .. 17. Figure 2: Overview of the municipal planning framework .. 32. Figure 3: Hierarchy of policy, strategies and plans .. 44. Figure 4: Criteria used in the Capital Investment Management System (CIMS) .. 45. Figure 5: Capital projects in relation to CIPAs .. 46. Figure 6: Organogram Housing and Land Directorate .. 61. Figure 7: South Africa's national gradient .. 113. Figure 8: Ekurhuleni spatial gradient .. 113. Figure 9: Tshwane spatial gradient .. 113. Figure 10: eThekwini spatial gradients.

4 113. Figure 11: Cape Town spatial gradient .. 114. Figure 12: Nelson Mandela Bay spatial gradient .. 114. Figure 13: Buffalo City spatial gradient .. 114. Figure 14: Johannesburg spatial gradient .. 114. Figure 15: Drivers of social transformation at local level .. 164. Figure 16: Ideal spatial proximity of elements in a liveable neighbourhood .. 165. Figure 17: Schematic cluster proposal made to DEDEAT .. 177. vi From Housing to human settlements: A City Perspective List of Tables Table 1: Levels of accreditation .. 59. Table 2: Where are the unemployed youth? Urban-rural unemployment distribution by settlement hierarchy .. 100. Table 3: Structure of the urban space economy: demographic distance zones by settlement type (%) .. 102. Table 4: Settlement functionality: first reason to move, leaving previous place of residence (%) .. 105. Table 5: Determinants of wellbeing at neighbourhood level .. 162. Table 6: Informal settlement upgrading steps and design skills.

5 167. vii List of Acronyms ABT Alternative Building Technologies CRT Community Research Team AL&HDC Affordable Land & Housing Data Centre CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research AMLSP Accelerated Managed Land Settlement CSVR Centre for Study of Violence and Reconciliation Programme DAG Development Action Group ASWSD Accelerating Sustainable Water Service Delivery DEDEAT Department of Economic Development , BCM Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality Environmental Affairs and Tourism BEPP Built Environment Performance Plan DHS Department of Housing Settlements BNG Breaking New Ground DCoG Department of Cooperative Governance BRT Bus Rapid Transit DoH Department of Housing BTO Budget and Treasury Office DoRA Division of Revenue Act CA Citizenship/Civic Academy DPME Department of Programme Monitoring and Evaluation CDS City Development Strategy DRDLR Department of Rural Development and Land CFO Chief Financial Officer Reform CIF Capital Investment Framework DST Department of Science and Technology CIMS Capital Investment Management System FFC Financial and Fiscal Commission CIP Consolidated Infrastructure Plan FPA Fire Protection Association CIPA Capital Investment Priority Areas GDS Growth and Development Strategy CMIP Consolidated Municipal Infrastructure Programme GEAR Growth.

6 Employment and Redistribution viii From Housing to human settlements: A City Perspective GGLN Good Governance Learning Network MLS Managed Land Settlement GIS Geographic Information System MPAC Municipal Public Accounts Committees GMS Growth Management Strategy MTEF Medium-Term Expenditure Framework HDA Housing Development Agency MWIG Municipal Water infrastructure Grant HDMS Housing Delivery Management System NDP National Development Plan HSDG Human Settlements Development Grant NDPG Neighbourhood Development Partnership Grant HSRC Human Sciences Research Council NEP National Electrification Programme HSS Housing Subsidy System NLTA National Land Transport Act ICDG Integrated City Development Grant NMBM Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality IDP Integrated Development Plan NMMU Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University IDT Independent Development Trust NPC National Planning Commission IHSP Integrated Human Settlements Plan NUSP National Upgrading Support Programme ILIS Integrated Land

7 Information System PDG Palmer Development Group IPDM Integrated Planning, Development and Modelling PPMU Programme and Project Management Unit ISHSP Integrated Sustainable Human Settlement Plan PPP Public-Private Partnership ITP Integrated Transport Plan PSC Public Services Commission IWMP Integrated Waste Management Plan PTIG Public Transport Infrastructure Grant KZN KwaZulu-Natal PTISG Public Transport Infrastructure and Systems Grant LTDF Long-Term Development Framework PTNOG Public Transport Network Operations Grant MFMA Municipal Finance Management Act RDP Reconstruction and Development Programme MIG Municipal Infrastructure Grant RHIG Rural Households Infrastructure Grant ix SACN South African Cities Network SALGA South African Local Government Association SDBIP Service Delivery and Budget Implementation Plan SDF Spatial Development Framework SHP Social Housing Programme SHS Sustainable Human Settlements SHSUP Sustainable Human Settlements Urbanisation Plan SPLUMA Spatial Planning and Land

8 Use Management Act SSPP Sustainable Settlement Pilot Project StatsSA Statistics South Africa StepSA Spatial Temporal Evidence for Planning TOD Transit-Oriented Development UDL Urban Development Line UISP Upgrading Informal Settlements Programme ULM Urban LandMark USDG Urban Settlements Development Grant WHO World Health Organisation WSDP Water Services Development Plan x From Housing to human settlements: A City Perspective Author Profiles Sarah Charlton lectures in the School of Architecture Stuart Paul Denoon-Stevens is a researcher and and Planning at the University of the Witwatersrand and town planner working at Terraplan Town and Regional directs its Centre for Urbanism and Built Environment Planners, Cape Town. His research interests are in the Studies (CUBES). Previously she worked in local area of land assembly and land-use management, government and in the non-profit sector, focusing on principally within the context of local government.

9 He policy Development in low-income Housing and informal is also a practising land-use planner, with a particular settlements, and the implementation of Housing focus on guiding and obtaining approvals for middle- interventions. Her current research looks at ways in income and mixed-use Housing developments. which poor people make use of the city, with a particular interest in the geographies of home' and work'. She pays Ronald Eglin is a senior project coordinator at Afesis- specific attention to state interventions in low-income corplan, a developmental NGO based in East London Housing and infrastructure, and how people respond. that promotes active citizenship and good governance. She holds a PhD in Town and Regional Planning from His experience and interest is in exploring, supporting the University of Sheffield. and promoting incremental and participatory forms of settlement planning and Development . catherine Cross is consulting to Human Sciences Research Council on the multi-year StepSA spatial David Gardner is a Development and human settlements planning research work.

10 Her research interests are in specialist whose specific areas of interest are policy migration and urban/rural spatial Development , Housing analysis and Development , programme evaluations, and human settlements, particularly in relation to conceptualising and implementing procedures how poor households can come inside the developed and practices in order to optimise the Development economy and move toward middle-class standing. of institutions and implementation of projects, macroeconomic modelling, institutional strategy Janet Cherry is Associate Professor in Development Development , business planning and institutional Studies at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University re-alignment, growing Housing finance markets in in Port Elizabeth. Her research interests are sustainable developing countries, sustainable Housing Development and participatory Development , social and economic and Housing rental markets. He has a BsC (Town history and human rights.)