Functional Anatomy of the Endocrine Glands - …

1 NAME _____LAB TIME/DATE _____REVIEW SHEET exercise27 Functional Anatomy of the Endocrine GlandsReview Sheet 27237 Gross Anatomy and Basic Function of the Endocrine the Endocrine and nervous systems are major regulating systems of the body; however, the nervous system has beencompared to an airmail delivery system and the Endocrine system to the pony express. Briefly explain this hormone: , hormones belong chiefly to two molecular groups, the and the . do all hormones have in common? target hormones travel in the bloodstream, why don t all tissues respond to all hormones?

2 The Endocrine organ described by the following in the throat; bilobed gland connected by an close to the mixed gland , located close to the stomach and small Glands suspended in the horseback on the thyroid in the pelvic cavity of the female, concerned with ova and female hormone in the upper thorax overlying the heart; large during in the roof of the third ventricleNAME _____LAB TIME/DATE _____The nervous system uses rapidly propagated electrical messages, whereas Endocrine system messages (hormones) are liberated into the blood to travel much more slowly to the target chemical substance liberated into the blood, which alters target cell metabolism in a acid-based moleculesThey are all chemical molecules that have specific target organs, which they reach via the blood.

3 Like enzymes, they are effective in minute responding to a particular hormone in a specific proper hormone receptors must be present on the plasma membrane or within the cells for the tissue cells to glandadrenal glandpancreastestesparathyroidsovariesth ymuspineal bodyighapmLre27pg237_240 5/12/04 2:43 PM Page 237 impos03 302:bjighapmL:ighapmLrevshts: each statement describing hormonal effects, identify the hormone(s) involved by choosing a number from key A, andnote the hormone s site of production with a letter from key B.

4 More than one hormone may be involved in some A:Key B:1. ACTH13. cortex2. ADH14. medulla3. aldosterone15. pituitary4. cortisone16. epinephrine17. estrogens18. FSH19. T4/ glands8. glucagon20. gland9. GH21. pituitary10. insulin22. LH23. gland12. gland , 1. basal metabolism hormone, 2. programming of T lymphocytes, and , 3. regulate blood calcium levels, and , 4. released in response to stressors, and , 5.

5 Drive development of secondary sexual characteristics, ; , ; , ; and , 6. regulate the function of another Endocrine gland , 7. mimics the sympathetic nervous system, and , 8. regulate blood glucose levels; produced by the same mixed gland , and , 9. directly responsible for regulation of the menstrual cycle, and , 10.

6 Regulate the ovarian cycle, and , 11. maintenance of salt and water balance in the ECF, and , 12. directly involved in milk production and ejection, 13. questionable function; may stimulate the melanocytes of the the pituitary gland is often referred to as the master gland of the body, the hypothalamus exerts some control overthe pituitary gland . How does the hypothalamus control both anterior and posterior pituitary functioning?238 Review Sheet 2719l21k17g22l4a5b6e20j1c7c 11c23c5b8f10f6e15e7c11c2d3 a14d16c13cProduces releasing and inhibiting hormones, which control the production and release of anterior pituitary hormones; forms hor-mones ADH and oxytocin, which are transported to the posterior pituitary and later released on nervous stimulation from the 5/12/04 2:43 PM Page 238 impos03 302:bjighapmL:ighapmLrevshts: whether the release of the hormones listed below is stimulated by (A) another hormone.

7 (B) the nervous system(neurotransmitters, or releasing factors); or (C) humoral factors (the concentration of specific nonhormonal substances in theblood or extracellular fluid):1. ADH4. insulin 7. T4/ T32. aldosterone5. norepinephrine 8. testosterone3. estrogens6. parathyroid hormone9. TSH, the hormone(s) produced in inadequateamounts that directly result in the following conditions. (Use your textbookas necessary.) diuresis without high blood glucose , polyphagia, and small stature, normal , hair loss, low BMR, the hormone(s) produced in excessiveamounts that directly result in the following conditions.

8 (Use your textbook asnecessary.) jaw and large hands and feet in the eyeballs, nervousness, increased pulse of bones, spontaneous fracturesMicroscopic Anatomy of Selected Endocrine Glands (Optional) a response from the key below to name the hormone(s) produced by the cell types listed: , , ACTH, FSH, parafollicular cells of the thyroid6. zona fasciculata cells2. follicular epithelial cells of the thyroid7. zona glomerulosa cells3. beta cells of the pancreatic islets (islets 8. chief cellsof Langerhans)4.

9 Alpha cells of the pancreatic islets (islets 9. acidophil cells of the anterior pituitaryof Langerhans)5. basophil cells of the anterior pituitaryReview Sheet 27239 BCACBAACB estrogen (female) testosterone (male)PTHADH insulingrowth hormone (GH)progesteronethyroxine (T4)/triiodothyronine ( T3) (thyroid hormone)growth hormone (GH)T4/T3 (thyroid hormone)PTHahecidfgbighapmLre27pg237_240 5/12/04 2:43 PM Page 239 impos03 302:bjighapmL:ighapmLrevshts: diagrams of the microscopic structures of theendocrine Glands are presented here.

10 Identify eachand name all indicated Sheet 27 Follicular cellsthyroid glandovaryanterior pituitarytestisadrenal cortexThyroglobulin colloidAcidophilBasophilInterstitialcell sZona reticularisZona fasciculataZona glomerulosaAntrum of GraafianfollicleighapmLre27pg237_240 5/12/04 2:43 PM Page 240 impos03 302:bjighapmL:ighapmLrevshts:layouts.