FUNDAMENTALS OF CHILLED BEAMS ANSI/ASHRAE …

1 NEMIC 2017 FUNDAMENTALS OF CHILLED BEAMSANSI/ ashrae STANDARD 200-2015, METHODS OF TESTING CHILLED BEAMS NEMIC 20172|Hello!I am Davor NovoselI am here because I love to share what I know about CHILLED BEAMS with you. You can find me NEMIC 20173|Today 08:00 10:00 FUNDAMENTALS of CHILLED BEAMS 10:00 10:15 Break 10:15 11:15 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 200-2015, Methods of Testing CHILLED BEAMS 11:15 noon Panel Discussion: TAB of CHILLED BEAMS NEMIC 2017 FUNDAMENTALS OF CHILLED BEAMS NEMIC 20175|Agenda 1. Concept 2. Passive CHILLED beam 3. Active CHILLED beam 4. Applications 5. System Design 6. Passive beam Selection 7. Active beam Selection 8. Commissioning 9. Example NEMIC 20176|References Alexander, D. 2008. Design Considerations for Active CHILLED Journal 50 (11): 50-58 Brzezenski, SP. 2012. CHILLED BEAMS in Historic Buildings. ashrae Journal 54 (11): 48-55 DanfossApplication Guide -Hydronic balancing solutions Price Industries.

2 2017. Active & Passive BEAMS Engineering Guide REHVA_ASHRAE. 2014. Active and Passive beam Application Design Guide Schurk, D. 2012. CHILLED BEAMS Application and Control SEMCO. 2017. NEUTONTMB rochure. Controlled CHILLED beam Pump Module Setty, BS. 2011. Application Issues for CHILLED beam Technologies. ashrae Transactions, 117 (1) Trane. 2011. Understanding CHILLED BEAMS Systems. Engineers newsletter 38-4 Trox. 2009. CHILLED BEAMS Design Guide Vastyan, J. 2011. CHILLED BEAMS Basics. HPAC Engineering (July): 26-28, 42 NEMIC 20177| NEMIC 20178|A Brief History .. Willis Carrier induction unitFirst radiant ceiling system by Norwegian engineer Gunnar Frenger1920s1940s1960sThe first radiant ceiling installed in Gothenburg, Sweden1972 The first radiant cooling device installed in Gothenburg, SwedenThe first passive CHILLED beam installed in Stockholm, Sweden19861990sRapid spread in Europe2000sIntroduced in USA by Trox NEMIC 20179| CHILLED beam = Linear induction unit NEMIC 201710|Early 20thcentury perimeter induction unit NEMIC 201711|Tuttle & BaileyInduction air terminal unitTitusFan-powered induction unit NEMIC 201712|Types of CHILLED beamsPassive CHILLED beam NEMIC 201713| NEMIC 201714|Types of CHILLED beamsActive CHILLED beam NEMIC 201715| NEMIC 201716|Types of CHILLED beamsMulti service CHILLED beam NEMIC 201717| NEMIC 201718|Why BEAMS ?

3 Physics!Water carries significantly more energy than comparison between water and air transporting equivalent energy NEMIC 201719|Why BEAMS ? .. results in more efficient HVAC system with lower operating costs (?!)Virginia Commonwealth Universitynew school of medicine; energy modeling by Sera Engineering NEMIC 201720|2. PASSIVE CHILLED beam NEMIC 201721|2. Passive CHILLED beam Passive BEAMS provide sensible cooling from the water coil. Heating and ventilation must be handled by complementing systems. NEMIC 201722|2. Passive CHILLED beam Heat transfer is mainly via natural convection. Warm air cooled by the heat exchanger flows downward into the space. NEMIC 201723|2. Passive CHILLED BeamRoom air flow pattern of a passive beam in cooling NEMIC 201724|2. Passive CHILLED BeamComponents of a typical passive CHILLED beam NEMIC 201725|2. Passive CHILLED BeamExposed Passive CB Critical issues:wDistancebetween soffit and CBwDistancebetween side wall and CBwDistanceof CB above floorRecessed Passive CB Critical issues:wDistancebetween soffit and CBwReturnair pathwNetfree area of return air path NEMIC 201726|2.

4 Passive CHILLED BeamRoof / CeilingBZ > BZ > BFloor< 14 ftExposed Passive CB NEMIC 201727|2. Passive CHILLED BeamRoof / CeilingBZ > BRecessed Passive CBZ Bsuspended ceilingZ B NEMIC 201728|3. ACTIVE CHILLED beam NEMIC 201729|3. Active CHILLED beam Active BEAMS are connected to both the primary air as well as the CHILLED -and heated-water systems Constant volume supply air system CHILLED water temperature > space dew point Requires dedicated outdoor air system to remove all(external + internal) latent loads NEMIC 201730|3. Active CHILLED beam Active BEAMS heat or cool a space through induction and forced convection. NEMIC 201731|3. Active CHILLED BeamRoom air flow pattern of a typical linear active beam in cooling NEMIC 201732|3. Active CHILLED BeamACTIVE beam TYPES Ceiling mountedwOne-way and two-way discharge unitswFour-way discharge units Bulkhead CHILLED beamOther type of active BEAMS are Floor mounted Perimeter wall NEMIC 201733|3.

5 Active CHILLED BeamTrox2-way CBFrengerSystems Halo -Active CHILLED beam NEMIC 201734|3. Active CHILLED BeamTroxType DID-R active CHILLED diffuser with radial air discharge NEMIC 201735|3. Active CHILLED BeamPrice ACBV Vertical Active beam /Induction Unit NEMIC 201736|4. APPLICATIONS NEMIC 201737|4. ApplicationsActive BEAMS are a good choice for the following applications: Spaces with typical heating and sensible cooling requirements Buildings with moderate internal latent loads Spaces with limited floor-to-ceiling heights Spaces where low noise levels are desired NEMIC 201738|4. ApplicationsSuitable building types for active CBs: Commercial office buildings Schools Hospital patient rooms Laboratories with high internal loads Hotels, dormitories NEMIC 201739|4. ApplicationsApplications NOT suitable for CBs: Building areas where humidity can be difficult to control (lobbies, atria, egress routes) Spaces with high latent loads (pools, etc.)

6 Applications with high airflow/ventilation requirements, such as an exhaust driven lab Kitchens Data centers Spaces with high ceilings ( > 14ft.) NEMIC 201740|4. ApplicationsPassive BEAMS are ideally suited to aisle ways or perimeters of large spaces, such as Offices Lobbies Conference centers Libraries Any other space that requires perimeter or additional cooling NEMIC 201741|4. ApplicationsHumidity control at all timesis paramount to proper operation of CHILLED beam systems Dew point controller No weekend shutdowns Building pressurized at all times NEMIC 201742|4. ApplicationsWhen humidity controls fails .. NEMIC 201743|4. of CHILLED BEAMS by climate zonesEasyMedium: hot, humid summersDifficult: humid to tropical climate NEMIC 201744|4. ApplicationsCondensation risks Near entry points At perimeter, mixed-mode ventilation Building retrofits with leaky envelope Spaces with high variable latent loads:wLunch, coffee roomswMeeting rooms NEMIC 201745|4.

7 ApplicationsCondensation prevention System meets 100% latent load at peakdew point design Limit overcooling CHILLED water shut-off or reset Reset air temperature VAV for variable occupancy NEMIC 201746|4. ApplicationsCondensation prevention CHILLED water reset in response to space dew point NEMIC 201747|5. SYSTEM DESIGN NEMIC 201748|5. System DesignChilled beam systems require Source of CHILLED water at two different temperatures Source of hot water (4 pipe system) Supply of primary air NEMIC 201749|42 F54 FDOAS56 F62 FBy-passBy-passActive CB5. CHILLED Water System DesignDedicated Chillers Two independent CHILLED water loops Allows for smaller chiller servicing ACB loop Allows for high chiller efficiency of the ACB loop Higher first cost ACB Loop NEMIC 201750|54 F42 FDOAS62 F56 F5. CHILLED Water System DesignCommon chiller Chiller downsizing not possible Lower EER compared to separate loops Higher supply water temperature not feasible DOAS load significantly higher the ACB loop oneACB Loop NEMIC 201751|54 F42 FDOAS62 F56 F5.

8 CHILLED Water System DesignCommon chiller with heat exchanger Chiller downsizing not possible Lower EER compared to separate loops Higher supply water temperature not feasible DOAS load significantly higher the ACB loop one Requirement for isolated CHILLED water loops By-passControlvalveACB Loop NEMIC 201752|Packaged DOAS62 F56 FBy-passActive CB5. CHILLED Water System DesignChiller / Decouples DOAS Allows for smaller chiller servicing ACB loop Allows for high chiller efficiency of the ACB loopACB Loop NEMIC 201753|5. CHILLED Water System DesignSource: SEMCO A Fl ktWoods Company. 5504 ASCENDANT Health Care Brochure -SEMCO 2016-02 NEMIC 201754|5. CHILLED Water System DesignPrimary airflow (PA) is based on largest of: Minimum outdoor airflow required ( ashrae ) Airflow required to offset space latent load (depends on dew point of PA) Airflow needed to induce sufficient room air (RA) to offset the space sensible cooling loadPARASA NEMIC 201755|5.

9 System Design-ControlsBeam system controls typically include the following: Zone control beam water temperature control Primary air-conditioning control Condensation prevention NEMIC 201756|5. System Design-ControlsAirside Control Primary airwUse fully self-contained volume flow limiter (VFL) wVFL s are recommended when an AHU also supplies VAV terminals. Monitor space dew pointwUse small quantity of high quality sensorswDo not use rel. humidity sensorswLocate sensors in room not in ceiling Reduce primary moisture content to control space rel. humiditywDOAS NEMIC 201757|5. System Design-ControlsVolume flow limiter (VFL) NEMIC 201758|5. System Design-ControlsMonitor space dew point NEMIC 201759|5. System Design-ControlsWaterside Control Variable water flowwPressure independent control Two position valves or modulating valves 6-way valves can be used on 4 pipe into 2 pipechilled BEAMS Reschedule or shut off CHILLED beam water supply only if primary moisture content cannot reduced NEMIC 201760|5.

10 System Design-ControlsBeam zone temperature control using constant-volume primary airflow. NEMIC 201761|5. System Design-ControlsBeam zone temperature control using variable volume primary airflow. NEMIC 201762|5. System Design-ControlsVariable flow system, typical application in FCU heating-cooling systems and anykind of terminal unit ( AHU) NEMIC 201763|5. System Design-ControlsConstant flow system, typical application in FCU heating-cooling systems and in AHU NEMIC 201764|5. System Design-Controls NEMIC 201765|5. System Design-ControlsHeating with active CHILLED BEAMS NEMIC 201766|5. System Design-ControlsHeating with active CHILLED BEAMS Active CB available in 2-pipe or 4-pipe configuration Application limited by output capacity:wZones < 300 Btu/h/ft wZones 300 400 Btu/h/ft Air discharge towards window at 75fpmwZones > 400 Btu/h/ft NEMIC 201767|5. System Design-Controls 6-way ball valve is a combination valve for connecting heating and cooling 4 pipe system into a single coil NEMIC 201768|5.