GENDER COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION

1 5 GENDER COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION Figures ! Maps " Tables/Statements # Notes78 5 GENDER COMPOSITION of the POPULATION Equality between women and men is a matter of human rights and a condition for social justice and is also a necessary and fundamental prerequisite for equality, development and peace Beijing platform for Action.(UN Fourth Conference on Women)INTRODUCTION e Census of India has been customarily collecting and presenting disaggregated data for male and female POPULATION . e COMPOSITION of POPULATION by GENDER is one of the primary demographic characteristics of human POPULATION around which meaningful analysis is COMPOSITION re ects natality, mortality and migration character of a given POPULATION .

2 Distribution pattern of male and female in a POPULATION a ects relative roles and economic relationships. ere are di erent tools to measure GENDER equity in a POPULATION . Sex ratio is one such widely used tool for cross sectional analysis to measure GENDER balance. Sex ratio is de ned in the Census of India as the number of females per 1,000 males in the to the provisional POPULATION totals of Census 2011, out of a total POPULATION of 1,21,01,93,422 persons, 62,37,24,248 are males and 58,64,69,174 females. As per this, the sex ratio of India is 940. e sex ratio at the National level has risen by seven points since the last Census in 2001.

3 Is is the highest since of POPULATION by GENDER -World TrendsThe COMPOSITION of POPULATION by GENDER is not uniform and shows diverse patterns across differ-ent countries of the world. Statement-11 and Figure 17 present the sex ratio in the ten most populous countries in the world during 2001 and 2011. It has been estimated that around the year 2011, the world will have 984 females against 1000 males. As is evident from the Statement, in USA, Russian Federation, Japan and Brazil females outnumber males, in the other six countries the balance is tilted towards the males. When compared to the previous decade, China, Indonesia, Nigeria and USA have shown a decline in the sex ratio in the present decade.

4 The decline has been particularly sharp in Nigeria and Indonesia. The sex ratio in USA, Russian Federation and Japan has always remained above unity despite minor variations. GENDER COMPOSITION of PopulationPROVISIONAL POPULATION TOTALS INDIA 79# Source 1. 2001-World POPULATION Prospects (mid year estimates) 19982. 2011-World POPULATION Prospects 2008 revision UN. Rates have been worked out for India based on the provisional Census 2011 and those of Indonesia and Brazil on 2010 round of Census" Statement 11 Sex ratio of selected countries Figure 17 Trends of sex ratio in ten most populous countries: 2001 - 2011Sl. NoCountry200120111223 World9869841 China ,0291,0254 Indonesia1,0049885 Brazil 1,0251,0426 Pakistan9389437 Russian ,1401,1678 Bangladesh9589789 Japan1,0411,05510 Nigeria1,0169879849269371025988104294311 6797810559878509009501000105011001150120 0 WorldChina IndiaUSAI ndonesiaBrazilPakistanRussian Fed BangladeshJapanNigeriaFemales per 1000 malesCOUNTRIES2001201180 e situation in the immediate neighbourhood of India reveals a mixed picture.

5 Myanmar (1048), Sri Lanka (1034) and Nepal (1014) have more females in their populations whereas in all other countries the sex ratio shows male IN SEX RATIO IN INDIA !AN OVER VIEW e sex ratio in India has been historically negative or in other words, unfavourable to females. A look at the Figure 18 reveals that in the pre-independence period, the sex ratio declined consistently up to 1951 when it rose marginally (Statement-12). In the post independence period, the trend continued and the sex ratio slipped down for two consecutive decades a!er 1951 to reach 930 in 1971. During 1961-71 a steep fall of 11 points was seen in the sex ratio.

6 India among its neighbours 2001-2011 Countries20012011 India933940 China944926 Pakistan938943 Bangladesh958978 Sri Lanka10101034 Nepal10051014 Afghanistan930931 Bhutan919897 Myanmar10111048 Figure 18 Sex ratio in India: 1901-20119809729649559509459469419349339 40940950960970 Sex Ratio (Females per 1000 Males)9309349279339009109209301901191119 21193119411951196119711981199120012011 Females per 1000 Males111111111122 Census Years GENDER COMPOSITION of PopulationPROVISIONAL POPULATION TOTALS INDIA 81A!er 1971 Census , trends were not consistent, showing increase in one decade and decline in the next. However, it was hovering around 930.

7 E sex ratio as per provisional results is the highest since 1971 and a shade below the level of 1961. " Statement 12 Sex ratio, India: 1901-2011 Census YearSex ratio(Females per 1,000 males)2127910914691191559129105913915491 4916491591149169103917914391891729199133 910020491102# Note: Please see notes behind Figures at a ! Map 10 Sex Ratio, 2001 (States/Union Territories)Arunachal Pradesh893 INDIASex Ratio, 2001(States/Union Territories)Females per 1000 Males925950975900 National Average : 933 Jammu & Kashmir892 Punjab876 Rajasthan921 Gujarat920 Maharashtra922 Goa961 Karnataka965 Kerala1058 Tamil Nadu987 Andhra Pradesh978 Chhattisgarh989 Orissa972 Tripura948 Jharkhand941(P)Puducherry1001(P)(P)(P)La kshadweep948 Andaman & Nicobar Islands846 Indira PointBarren I.

8 (India)Narcondam I.(India)BAY OF BENGALINDIAN OCEANARABIAN SEAD aman & Diu710 Himachal Pradesh968 Chandigarh777 Uttarakhand962 Haryana861 Uttar Pradesh898 Dadra & Nagar Haveli812 West Bengal934 Madhya Pradesh919 Sikkim875 Bihar919 NCT of Delhi821 Meghalaya972 Assam935 Mizoram935 Manipur974 Nagaland900010050050 Kilometres GENDER COMPOSITION of PopulationPROVISIONAL POPULATION TOTALS INDIA 83! Map 11 Sex Ratio, 2011 (States/Union Territories)Arunachal Pradesh920 INDIASex Ratio, 2011(States/Union Territories)Females per 1000 Males925950975900 National Average : 940 Jammu & Kashmir883 Punjab893 Rajasthan926 Gujarat918 Maharashtra925 Goa968 Karnataka968 Kerala1084 Tamil Nadu995 Andhra Pradesh992 Chhattisgarh991 Orissa978 Tripura961 Jharkhand947(P)Puducherry1038(P)(P)(P)La kshadweep946 Andaman & Nicobar Islands878 Indira PointBarren I.

9 (India)Narcondam I.(India)BAY OF BENGALINDIAN OCEANARABIAN SEAD aman & Diu618 Himachal Pradesh974 Chandigarh818 Uttarakhand963 Haryana877 Uttar Pradesh908 Dadra & Nagar Haveli775 West Bengal947 Madhya Pradesh930 Sikkim889 Bihar916 NCT of Delhi866 Meghalaya986 Assam954 Mizoram975 Manipur987 Nagaland931010050050 Kilometres84 Figure 19 Sex ratio trends in some of the major States: 1951-20118108609109601010106019511961197 11981199120012011 Females per thousand malesCensus YearAndhra Pradesh810860910960101010601951196119711 981199120012011 Females per thousand malesCensus YearAssam8108609109601010106019511961197 11981199120012011 Females per thousand malesCensus YearBihar8108609109601010106019511961197 11981199120012011 Females per thousand malesCensus YearGujarat81086091096010101060195119611 9711981199120012011 Females per thousand malesCensus YearHaryana81086091096010101060195119611 9711981199120012011 Females per thousand malesCensus YearJharkhand810860910960101010601951196 119711981199120012011 Females per thousand

10 MalesCensus YearKarnataka810860910960101010601951196 119711981199120012011 Females per thousand malesCensus YearsKerala GENDER COMPOSITION of PopulationPROVISIONAL POPULATION TOTALS INDIA 85 Figure 19 Sex ratio trends in some of the major States: 1951-20118108609109601010106019511961197 11981199120012011 Females per thousand malesCensus YearMaharashtra8108609109601010106019511 96119711981199120012011 Females per thousand malesCensus YearMadhya Pradesh810860910960101010601951196119711 981199120012011 Females per thousand malesCensus YearOrissa810860910960101010601951196119 711981199120012011 Femalesper thousand malesCensus YearPunjab810860910960101010601951196119 711981199120012011 Females per thousand malesCensus YearRajasthan810860910960101010601951196 119711981199120012011 Females per thousand malesCensus YearUttar Pradesh810860910960101010601951196119711 981199120012011 Females per