Geography Grade 8 - CNX

1 Geography Grade 8By:Siyavula UploadersGeography Grade 8By:Siyavula UploadersOnline:< >C O N N E X I O N SRice University, Houston, ( ).Collectionstructurerevised:Septemb er11,2009 PDFgenerated:Octob er28,2012 Forcopyrightandattributioninformationfor themo dulescontainedinthiscollection, .. ort.. ,forrestryandalienplants.. ,mining.. earing.. cation.. :50000maps.. ographicmap.. ographicmapsandphotographs..73 Attributions.. 79ivAvailableforfreeatConnexions< >Chapter 1 Term [ ]Studythefollowingillustrationsandanswer thequestionsthatfollow:1 Thiscontentisavailableonlineat< >.AvailableforfreeatConnexions< > eoflandusewouldyousayismostprominentinth isarea?AvailableforfreeatConnexions< > eenachangeindieoriginaluseoflandinthisar ea? [ ] ,denselyorsparselyp opulated? eoflanduseisdepictedintheillustration? ensive? [ ] ercentageofthetown/citywhereyoulive,orcl osesttowhereyoulive,issetasideforindustr ialpurp ercentage(%)ofthetown/cityissetasideforr esidentialpurp ectto ndtheareaswherethemorewealthyp eoplelive?

2 Isitclosetothecentralbusinessdistrictoro ntheoutskirts? opulationduetop oliticalp oliciesInSouthAfricawe ndauniquelandusepattern,b ecauseofthep okatanurbanmapofPortElizab eth,wenoticethatcertainneighb ourho o dsareinhabitedbymorethanonep olicyofsegregationandapartheidlegislatio nb olicydeterminedthatdi erentp < > < > eth'sSouth-Endwasinhabitedbyvariousp ,whentheNationalPartywasinp ower,allresidentswererelo ersoftheIndiancommunitywereforcedtosettl einMalabar,andcolouredp elongingtoasp eci cp opulationgroupwereobligedtomovetoanareaa llo catedtop daywestillsu erfromthee ectsofthisp eoplewereconcentratedinaneigh-b ourho o dwithoutaprop erinfrastructurelikeroads, [ ]Studythefollowingillustrationandanswert hequestionsthatfollowAvailableforfreeatC onnexions< > outthesizesofhomesindi erentneighb ourho o ds? ourho o dwouldb emostdenselyp opulated?After1994stepsweretakentocomp ensatesomeofthep eoplewhohadb oseistorectifythep ossessionoflandofthosewhohadb eenpreviouslydisadvantagedbyp ,thefamilyisentitledto nancialcomp o dyisnowentitledtocho oliticiancandecidewhoistobuyorownprop erty, [ ]Onyourown:Conductaninterviewwithap ersoninyourenvironmentwhohadtoupro otasaresultoftheforcedp oliticalremovalsinthe1970' outthee (Tip:Takeatap erecorderalongandtap etheinterviewtob etranscrib ertoaskp ermissionforthediscussiontob etap ed.)

3 AvailableforfreeatConnexions< > < > (LOs)LO1 GeographicalEnquiryThelearnerwillb eabletouseenquiryskillstoinvestigategeog raphicalandenvi-ronmentalconceptsandpro (ASs) esandrecordsinformationinthesp eci c eld[workingwithsources]; ortsknowledgeobtainedduringthestudybyfor mulatinganargumentbasedoninformationfoun d;usesmaps,diagramsandgraphics;uses,wher ep ossible,computersinthepresentation[putti ngtheansweracross].LO2 GEOGRAPHICALKNOWLEDGEANDUNDERSTANDINGT helearnerwillb esandcomparesvariouskindsofsettlementpat terns[p eopleandplaces]; esfactorsthatin uencetheformationofsettlementpatterns(na tural,economic,so cial/p olitical)[p eopleandresources]; escrucialfactorsleadingtochangesinsettle mentpatternsinSouthAfrica,Africaandelsew here[p eopleandenvironment]. (heavy)industriesarelo (squattercampsorinformalhousingsettlemen ts). !Theareawasoriginallyplannedandusedforin dustrialpurp ,theneedforlab ourcausedp ensesoftransp ortareeliminated,asp ' eddowntob eusedfor rewo o !

4 , ,andpresentsabig < > (CBD).Commercialactivitiesaredominantand areasarenotdenselyp erofp eopledailycommutetotheCBD,bymeansofpriva teorpublictransp ,allbigbusinessandserviceconcernscomp ensiveandmulti-levelsky-scrap estp o dorattractiveviews,oraresituatedadjacent toagreenb elt, nitedi erenceinthesizeofthehousesamongthedi erentneighb ourho o , (squatter) erentareasareallo catedfordi ererentpurp ,transp ethforinstance,manyhousesarenowusedforbu sinesspurp eenrelo eginningtoseetheheado epartoftheMillParkresidentialarea,isgrad uallyb ,we erofdevelop edareas,whileothersarestillundevelop edareausuallyconsistsoftwotyp esofareas, < >.AvailableforfreeatConnexions< > esoflandusefunctions:a)Residential ,terracedhouses, )Industries , )Commerce ,wholesale, esoflandfunctions:a)streetsb)recreation suchasparks,sp ortsgroundsandculturec)publicservices suchashospitals,airp orts,cemeteriesandseweraged)education primaryandhighscho olUndevelop edareasTheundevelop edareascanusuallyb eclassi edundertwoheadings:a)unused,op enareasb) [ ]Studythisillustrationofanurbanareaandan swerthequestions:AvailableforfreeatConne xions< > ebasahigh-incomeoralower-incomeresidenti alarea?

5 Ossiblefutureexpansionofthecityinanorthe rlydirection(seec)? ortingfacilitiestoprovideintheneedsofthe city-dwellers? [ ]nb:Teachersshouldnotethatthisactivityis apracticalassignmentthatcanb < > ' ,hospitals,airp orts, ols,universities, ossible,itshouldalsoshowtheresp ectivenumb :Don'twalkab 't ndthemselvesinareaswhichmightb :Handinyourworksheetscontainingthedata, , eopleliveincities, epro table,therehastob eaminimumnumb erofp ersonstosupp ,however,areavailableinallcities,forexam plep osto ces,whileotherservicesareonlyavailablein somecities, erentcategories,suchas:a)Publicservicess uchaslibraries,magistrate'so ces,hospitals,p olicestations,scho )Financialandprofessionalservices,suchas medicalpractitioners,dentists,veterinary surgeons,attor-neys, ,jewellers,furnishers,out ttersandbakeries, erienceavarietyofproblemsduetofactorssuc hasarapidincreaseofresidents, :a)Tra cproblemsduetothelargenumb ) )Strainonagriculturallandb ) < > [ ] etakentoimproveorpreventthesituation?

6 Enifthehumanracecontinuestop ollutetheearth'senvironment,airandwaterr esources?Furtherassignmentsforgroupwork: Findmoreinformationonthefollowingformsof p (LOs)continuedonnextpageAvailableforfree atConnexions< > eabletouseenquiryskillstoinvestigategeog raphicalandenvi-ronmentalconceptsandpro (ASs) esandrecordsinformationinthesp eci c eld[workingwithsources]; ortsknowledgeobtainedduringthestudybyfor mulatinganargumentbasedoninformationfoun d;usesmaps,diagramsandgraphics;uses,wher ep ossible,computersinthepresentation[putti ngtheansweracross].LO2 GEOGRAPHICALKNOWLEDGEANDUNDERSTANDINGT helearnerwillb esandcomparesvariouskindsofsettlementpat terns[p eopleandplaces]; esfactorsthatin uencetheformationofsettlementpatterns(na tural,economic,so cial/p olitical)[p eopleandresources]; escrucialfactorsleadingtochangesinsettle mentpatternsinSouthAfrica,Africaandelsew here[p eopleandenvironment]. , , (onthediagram)canb eforcedbymeansoflegislationtoinstall ltersinchimneysforcombatingp eplacedonstrategicp (clearlymarked)forpap er, < > eopletonewsurroundingsYouhavealreadyb ecomeacquaintedwiththemigrationofp ,however,do , eenlivingformanyyears, eTowntoanewcity, , , ermanentrelo edividedintotwocategories,namely:Pushfac tors factorsthatencouragep eopletoleaveasp eci factorsthatenticep eopletosettleinasp eci [ ]Collectinformationab outp eopledecidetotakesuchastep?

7 UencewillthistendencyhaveontheSouthAfric aneconomyifhighlyscho oledworkersaretoleavethecountryinlargenu mb ers? edividedintothreecategories:a)Politicalf actors:p oliticalfactorsplayarolewherep eopleimmigrateduetopressureorp ersecutionexp , eduetop oliticalpressureandp ersecutionthattheysu eredhere,aswellasthelackofeducationalopp )Economicfactors:economicfactorsplayarol ewhentheeconomicsystemofacountryisnotfav ourable,causingp eopletoleaveforanothercountrywheretheyca nenjoyab eoplehavemovedtotheUSAandEnglandwhereb < >.AvailableforfreeatConnexions< > )Environmentalfactors:p eoplealsoleavetheirhomesb omuchorto olittlewatermayb ecausetheyliveonthe o o o o dtheirprop ersonalexp [ ]OnyourownYouareamigrantworkerwhohelpsto harvestfruitintheCap erley,describingthedi cultlivingandworkingconditionsyouexp ersecutionorthreatstotheirlivesb ecauseoftheirp ,b eoplehadto eefromformerEastEurop eancountriesb ecausetheydidnotagreewiththeideasofthep oliticalpartyinp ndthatmanyp eople eetoneighb ouringcountries, oliticalideasdi erfromthoseoftherulingparty,theyaresomet imesabusedandtorturedbymemb ,p eopleareforcedto eetoothercountriesto ndfo o out vemillionp eoplediedduetothefo o ortantrolehere eitherto olittle(drought) orto omuch( o o ds).

8 [ ]IngroupsVisitthelibraryand ndtwoexamplesofeachofthefollowingpushfac tors:a)Politicalfactorsb)Economicfactors c) craticgovernmentisap ersonslivinginacountrywherethep oliticalsystemallowsverylittlefreedom, owofimmigrantsfromEasterntoWesternEurop , eringb etterworkopp , ,p < >17 EnvironmentalfactorsPeopleprefertolivein anareawithatemp ,forthesakeoftheirhealth,forinstancethos ewhosu [ ]InpairsFindinformationonthenumb erofp eoplewhoemigratedfromSouthAfricab erforeveryyear,andestablishiftherehasb eenanincreaseordecreaseinthenumb erofp esofmigrants:a)slaveryb)migrantlab ourersc) (LOs)LO1 GeographicalEnquiryThelearnerwillb eabletouseenquiryskillstoinvestigategeog raphicalandenvironmentalconceptsandpro (ASs) esandrecordsinformationinthesp eci c eld[workingwithsources]; ortsknowledgeobtainedduringthestudybyfor mulatinganargumentbasedoninformationfoun d;usesmaps,diagramsandgraphics;uses,wher ep ossible,computersinthepresentation[putti ngtheansweracross].

9 LO2 GEOGRAPHICALKNOWLEDGEANDUNDERSTANDINGT helearnerwillb esandcomparesvariouskindsofsettlementpat terns[p eopleandplaces]; esfactorsthatin uencetheformationofsettlementpatterns(na tural,economic,so cial/p olit-ical)[p eopleandresources]; escrucialfactorsleadingtochangesinsettle mentpatternsinSouthAfrica,Africaandelsew here[p eopleandenvironment].AvailableforfreeatC onnexions< > , ! ortIntheyearsb eforefactoriesstartedtomasspro ducego o dsinlargequantities,p eopleworkedonasmallerscale, (ab out1825 1875)theindustrialrevolutionto okplace;machinesweremanufactured,the ortweredevelop ed,andso onitwouldnotonlyb ecars,butalsotrams,steamtrainsandeventua llyelectrictrains,tub etrains, ,whichmeantthattheb uenceontheinsideandoutsideapp earanceofthecity, ecamefurtherremovedfromeachother;various typ esoflivingareas(upp erclass,middleclassandworkingclass)andwo rkingareas(o ceblo cksandshopsinthecentreoftown;factorieson theoutskirtsoftown)sprangup;tallbuilding swereerectedincitycentresorthecentreofto wns,b ecausethiswaswhereeveryonewantedtob e;landb ecamemoreexp ensiveandp eoplestartedbuilding ontopofotherbuildings (storeys);anewmetho doftransp ortation,theelevator,cameintouse.

10 Roadsandrailwaylineswereconstructedandp eopleerectedtheirhomesandbusinessesalong sidesothattownsandcitiesb egantotakeondi erentshap ,streetswerewidenedandconcretejunglesdev elop ed;manyofthefunctionsinthecentreoftown(C BD-CentralBusinessDistrict),suchascinema s,biggershops,o ces, ,suchasTygerValleyCentreandEastgatewereb uiltandaccommo datealargenumb eroffunctionsunderonero cdrawlargenumb ersofp ,makingitdi culttosaywhatshap < >.AvailableforfreeatConnexions< > esthisdevelopmenthaveonthep eopleinourcountry?Wealreadyknowthatcitie sareenormouslyp opularandthatliterallythousandsofnewresi dentsmovetobiggertownsandcities,someb ecausetheyhaveb eentransferredandalreadyhavework,andothe rsinthehop eofgettingajobtoearnab 'strytoformanimageofthee etween10000and15000newresidentsmoveintot helargerCap (asmallgroup)havejobs,haveb eentransferredorfeellikeachangeofsurroun dingsandareusually ,however,hop eto ndworkandmakeab cussingonthisgroup;whentheyarrive,mostp eginningofgigantictownareassuchasKhayali tsha,Crossroads,Guguletu,Soweto,etc.