Geology & Origin Economic exploitation …

1 Geology & OriginEconomic exploitationDevelopment of thetourism High-German: "aha" (equal to "Ache") which means part of the town called Partenkirchen, the former Latin "Parta-num", became its name from the exploitationThe partnach gorge play-ed a more significant rolefor the trasportation ofwood when the forestauthorities of the Bishopsof Freising (the Werden-fels county belonged until1802 to the Grand Chap-ter of Freising) grantedthe private householdsthe right to cut firewoodand timber of the episco-pal properties in the val-leys of Ferchen and Rein-tal as well as in theStuiben area. Since theend of the 18th century,the so called "Triften"(floa-ting of timber) was practi-ced by the local this reason, after thecutting the trunks were sawn into 4-feet-long logs and markedwith the so called "Hausmarch" which meant that the brand of therespective beneficiary had been cut into the the marking the trunks were thrown into the waters of thePartnach and the Ferchenbach and floated towards the valley.

2 Thisso called "water wood"- in difference to the "mountain wood"which was transported on horse sleighs - was floated in the river inspringtime in order to use the high waters caused by the meltingof the former times when the logs were tightly wedged or immobili-zed at the embakments and before an approach was constructed,the woodcutters had to be roped down into the gorge sitting ona special kind of chair which was covered by a little roof againstrockfall. By using crooked hooks ("Grieshaken") at the end of longpoles, the cutters tried to get the logs floating again. This workwas extremely dangerous. A floodgate barred the course of thePartnach near the so called "Holzhof" (timber yard) where nowa-days the State Vocational School is situated, and drained off thewaters into a lateral ditch by means of a grid installed half-way small canal united with the main course of the river somewhe-re this point, the logs were halted at an underwater sandbankwhere the woodcutters drew them out, piled them up, and the fo-resters measured to the natural monumentPartnach gorge !

3 The remarkable PartnachGorge is ca. ft. inlength, its walls rise to263 ft. It is also accessiblein winter due to galleriescut into the rocks and analley where bizarre icesculptures give this natu-ral beauty its unique gorge can be passedby an iron bridge situated223 ft. above the riverwhich has been costruc-ted in 1914. About visitors canbe counted every Origin of the gorgeThe partnach originates at the Reintalanger alp and is the naturaldischarge of the Schneeferner, a vestige of an ice-age glacier at theZugspitz plateau. From its source, the so called Partnachursprung,west of the Brunntal in the rear of the Reintal valley, the Partnachtosses down icy waters through the romantic Reintal surroundedby the walls of the Blassenkamm in the north and the steep slopesof the Hochwanner and the Teufelsgrat (Devil's Crest) in the Reintal is considered to be one of the most impressive plateausof the Northern Limestone Alps.

4 The partnach flows undergroundin the so called Steinger mpel. At the Bockh tte (Ram's Hut) itflows off in northern direction, passes through the Hinter and theMitterklammgorge, both of which are inaccessible and picks up abrook called Bodenlaine coming from the Kreuzeck area. Before ar-riving at the partnach gorge the Ferchenbach on the right suppliesthe waters of the Ferchensee, a mountain lake, and those of nume-rous other brooks located in the forest lands in front of the Wet-terstein the ice-age, the partnach traversed the valley of the Fer-chenbach eastward; from there its course continued via the Dr s-selgraben, the Kranzbach Valley and the town Klais, passing on tothe town Kr n where it finally flew into the river Isar.

5 Geologistssuppose that a little streamlet made its actual bed by piercingthrough the wall of shell-limestone of the Graseck which then bar-red the access to the Loisach the way. the name partnach consits of two words: the Indo- German designation for passage, gateway: "portn" and the oldThe president of the local Alpine Club, the engineer Adolf Zoep-pritz - who had also made the H llental gorge accessible for tou-rists in 1905 - started finally in 1910 the enlargement of the up to262 ft deep gorge . Upon completion of an utmost difficult work -tunnels had to be blasted into the rocks and financial difficultieshad to be overcome - the partnach gorge was opened for Partenkirchen Tourist and Sports Club proposed in 1930 thatthe municipal authorities should take over the partnach gorge andassure the access in winter in order to see the remarkable ice-casca-des through supplementary construction.

6 In addition to this, theWildenauer Strasse was enlarged for tourists and horse-drawn coa-ches. Remains of the old path can still be seen today. A well-knownmountain guide, Josef Bergkofer (Pitzner) who owned a hut at theentrance of the gorge escorted timid visitors through the gorgewith its tossing is a street in Garmisch which has been named after this fa-mous site: the year floods and ice-cascades cause great damage which callfor costly repair work. Quite often mountaineers have to be ropeddown the walls in order to remove the loose rocks and thus toprotect the visitors from falling stones. Balustrades and planks areregularly controlled in order to guarantee the highest safety stan-dards for our daily: Summer from 8 a.

7 M. - 18 p. m. Winterfrom 9 a. m. - 17 p. m. Short term closuressometimes becomeinevitable due tosecurity and Fax0 88 21 / 31 67 New attraction after the rockfalOn June 1, 1991 about cubicmetres of rocks broke loose of awall at the south end of the gorge and blocked the existing pathas well as the course of the brook. Fortunately, this accident didnot cause any victims. Thus a small, natural reservoir was formedand the partnach made its way though the gigantic boulders. Since1992 a 108-metres-long gallery which has been sprung into therocks passes along the rocks and reservoir. This gallery is illuminatedby windows from which this natural monument can be the early 60ies of last century wood-floating lost its importance,when rather large forest roads made the Reintal and the adjacentvalleys accessible.

8 Only names like Triftstrasse (Floating street) orAm Holzhof (At the timber yard) remind us of the floating and theformer timber yard. The street name Kohlstattstrasse refers to theKohlst tte, the former working place of a charcoalburner. They fa-bricated charcoal in the so-called "Meiler" (charcoal piles).Already in 1897/98 the gorge was to be opened to the traffic. Theconstruction of a railway connection between the town of Parten-kirchen and the partnach gorge , the town of Garmisch and theEisee was suggested. This project failed due to lack of 1949 a totally different Economic exploitation of the Partnachand its affluents was considered. Plans were made to bar theupper end of the gorge by a 361 ft. high dam in order to convertthe entire front part of the Reintal and Ferchenbachtal into a installation of a power-station in the Wildenau was also propo-sed in order to produce power for the Bavarian Electricity intention failed due to heavy of the tourismIt was not until 1912 thatthe partnach gorge wasopened as natural monu-ment.

9 The floating indu-stry boosted this deve -lopment. In 1885 adeva stating windfall de-stroyed large parts of theforests in the Partnachand Ferchenbach valley aswell as in the , it was conside-red to build a footpaththrough the inaccessiblegorge in order to facilitatethe floating of forest authorities or-dered the necessary workby fixing steel griders intothe steep walls of rock just above the torrent which were coveredwith thick boards. Thus a provisionary passage was built in woodcutters - equipped with iron poles - stood on this smallbridge and tried to keep the logs going through the the path was mainly used by hunters, foresters andwoodcutters, some adventurous tourists began to hike throughthe partnach gorge in the course of the steadily expanding suggestions for hiking fansThe partnach gorge is the point of departure for many walkingpoints in the Ferchenbach valley, the Reintal, the Eckbauer, Hausbergand Kreuzeck easiest way to reach the gorge by car is via the Mittenwalder-and Wildenauerstrasse.

10 Your car can be parked in front of the Olym-pia Ski Stadium (big parking lot and city-bus-stop), as the entrance bycar to the Wildenau and to the gorge is not allowed. There are beau-tiful walking paths to the Olympic Ski Stadium, the departure point,leading along the railway track Grainau-Garmisch as well as from therailway station along the partnach river there, the hike begins with awalk of ca. 25 minutes or a horse-drawn carriage ride throughtheWildenau on flat ground. Inns andkiosks line the street, leading tothe gorge entrance just before aroad forks left to a hamlet hamlet is situated 427 ft. above the partnach gorge and can bereached easily by an automatic cable car, the so called way branches off to the left, leads across a footbridge onthe right side in a 15 - 20 minuteshike up to the Hohe Br cke (HighBridge).