Gerunds: Subject and Object - pearsonlongman.com

1 97 Unit 46 UNIT46 Gerunds: Subject and ObjectIllustrationPre-reading QuestionsHave the students look at the cartoon. Ask these questions:What is the woman doing? (Jogging/Running and smoking.)How does she look? (Sick/Hot.)Have students read the cartoon and do the Check Point. Check their Point FocusHave students look at the speech bubble text. Ask:What kind of word is jogging? (A gerund.)Is it the Subject or the Object of the sentence? (It s the Object .)Charts(See General Procedures and Suggestions)Notes(See General Procedures and Suggestions)Exercises(See General Procedures and Suggestions)Optional Communication ActivityPut these sentence stems on the board under the category of Ways to StayHealthy. WAYS TO STAY HEALTHY_____ is a great form is bad for your enjoy hate students brainstorm ideas and put their responses on the board. Howmany people agree with each statement?EXAMPLES:Ten students think running is a great form of students hate trying to lose Express Teacher s ManualOptional Writing ActivityAsk students to write a journal entry about their attitudes towards physical fit-ness.

2 They should try to use some of these verbs plus Gerunds: enjoyappreciateavoidcan t standconsiderdetestdislikefeel likegive upimaginekeeplovemindpracticepreferquitr egretresentresistriskEXAMPLE:I think physical fitness is important, and I enjoy working out severaltimes a week ..99 Unit 47 UNIT47 Gerunds after PrepositionsIllustrationCulture NotesMany colleges, universities, and high schools in the United States have aStudent Council a group of students (often elected) to represent theinterests of the entire student body. The student council is the voice of thestudents. Students who have concerns or complaints can bring these issues tothe Student Council, who then tries to resolve the issues with the schooladministration. In addition to its representative function, the Student Councilalso plans social campusis the grounds and buildings (classrooms, administrative offices,library, dormitories, gym, athletic field, etc.) of a university or college.

3 In theUnited States, many campuses are located outside of a town with a lot of grassand trees between the QuestionsHave students look at the illustration. Ask these questions:What is this? (A notice and photograph.)Where do you think you can find a notice like this? (On a bulletin board.)Who do you think is in the photo? (Students/Friends.)Where are they? (Outside/At school/On a school campus/In a park.)How do they look? (Happy/Friendly.)Have students read the notice and do the Check Point. Check their Focus PointHave students look at the words in bold type in the notice. Ask:How many prepositions are there? (Three.)What are they? (In, of, to.)How many gerunds are there? (Four.)What are they? (Improving, hearing, finding, seeing.)Which preposition goes with the gerund finding? (Of.)Charts(See General Procedures and Suggestions)Notes(See General Procedures and Suggestions)100 Grammar Express Teacher s ManualExercises(See General Procedures and Suggestions)Culture Notes for Exercise 2 Many colleges and universities in the United States have spring breaks(usually one to two weeks off in March or April.)

4 In addition there are winterbreaks(usually in December and January) and summer breaks(usuallythree months from some time in May or June to some time in September.)Many colleges have a summer session, though most students do not Communication ActivityPut some of these verb + preposition and adjective + preposition combinationson the board:advise againstafraid ofapprove ofbelieve inbored withchoose betweencomplain aboutcount onexcited abouthappy aboutinterested inlook forward to Object topay forplan ontalk abouttired ofwonder about worry aboutHave students work in small groups. Ask them to imagine that they are mem-bers of the student council for their school. They should come up with a list ofsuggested improvements for the school. Then have the groups report back tothe class using some of the verb + preposition and adjective + prepositioncombinations from the board (or Appendices 7 and 8 on page 338 in theirbooks).EXAMPLE:We re bored with having the same choice of food in the cafeteria.

5 We thinkthere should be more types of Writing ActivityAsk students to write a short letter to a friend about school or a job. Havethem use some of the verb + preposition and adjective + prepositioncombinations from Appendices 7 and 8 on page 338 in their :Dear Sonia,How are you? I m fine but very busy. I ve been taking classes at alanguage institute since September. Classes are good, but I m lookingforward to taking a break ..101 Unit 48 UNIT48 Infinitives after Certain VerbsllustrationCulture NotesMany newspapers and magazines have advice columnslike Ask Annie. People write to the columnist asking for personal advice about problems withtheir family, friends, health, romantic lives, or jobs. The writer usually does notsign the letter with his or her real name. Often, as in the letter to Annie, theperson makes up a name that somehow relates to the problem. The columnistpublishes and answers some of these letters (see Exercise 1 on page 208).

6 Askthe students if newspapers in their countries have advice QuestionsHave students look at the illustration. Ask these questions:Where does this article come from? (A newspaper.)What is it? (A letter.)What type of letter do you think it is? (A letter asking for advice.)Who is the woman in the photograph? (Annie/The person who writes thecolumn/The person who answers the letters.)How does she look? (Friendly/Kind/Nice.)Who signed the letter? (Impatient.)Is that the writer s real name? (No.)Why doesn t the writer use his or her real name? (The writer doesn t wantanyone to know who sent the letter.)Have students read the letter and do the Check Point. Check their Point FocusHave students look at the words in bold type in the article. Ask:How many infinitives are there? (Three.) What are they? (To marry, to think, to wait.)Charts(See General Procedures and Suggestions)Notes(See General Procedures and Suggestions)Exercises(See General Procedures and Suggestions)102 Grammar Express Teacher s ManualOptional Communication ActivityPut some of these verbs on the board (or ask students to look at Appendices 4and 5 on page 338 of their books):adviseappearaskattemptcan t affordchoosedecidedeserveexpectgethelpho pelearnneedpromiserefuseseemtellurgewait wantIf possible, bring in, or have students bring in, some real advice column letters.

7 (The letters can be in a language other than English if all the students speakthat language.) Alternatively, they can use the letter on page 206. Have thestudents work in small groups to discuss one of the letters. Ask them to usethe verbs on the board in their discussion. What do they think of the problem?What should the people do?EXAMPLE:A: I think Impatient needs to slow : I think he needs to meet some other women before making a Writing ActivityAsk students to write a letter to Ask Annie. Tell them they can use theirimagination as they ask Annie for advice. They should use some of the verbsfrom Appendices 4 and 5 on page 338 of their books. Tell them not to sign theletters with their real names, but to make up a name like Impatient. As a follow up activity, collect the letters, mix them up, and redistributethem to the class. Have the students write a response to the letter, again, usingthe verbs from Appendices 4 and 5. You may wish to publish some of theletters to share with the entire 49 IllustrationBackground NotesThe photograph shows a young man standing in front of a McDonald srestaurant in Tokyo, Japan.

8 McDonald s is the best known of all multinationalfast-food restaurant chains. It is recognizable from its Golden Arch (the gold-colored letter M) as seen in the photo. The first McDonald s opened in 1955 inthe state of Illinois in the United States. Today there are more than 26,000 McDonald s restaurants in 120 countries around the world. Hamburgers,French fries, and sodas are probably the most common orders. People give theirorder at a counter, and then carry their food on trays to a table, or they takethe food out to eat outside (like the man in the photo) or at home. Many peoplelike the convenience, predictability, and relatively low prices of fast-food chainslike McDonald s. (The average adult in the United States visits afast-food restaurant six times a month.) However, many people complain aboutthe unhealthiness of the food and the fact that you can find the same restau-rant all over the QuestionsHave students look at the illustration.

9 Ask these questions:What is the man doing? (Eating and drinking.)What is he eating? (French fries.)What do you think he s drinking? (Soda.)Where did he buy the food? (At McDonald s/A fast-food restaurant.)What country is he in? (Japan.)Have you ever eaten food from McDonald s? (Answers will vary.)Are there McDonald s or other fast-food restaurants in your country? Ifyes, what are they? (Answers will vary.)Have students read the speech bubble text and do the Check Point. Checktheir Point FocusHave students look at the speech bubble text. Ask:What part of speech is the word hard? (An adjective.)What part of speech is to find? (The infinitive.) Charts(See General Procedures and Suggestions)UNIT49 Infinitives afterCertain Adjectivesand Certain Nouns104 Grammar Express Teacher s ManualNotes(See General Procedures and Suggestions)Exercises(See General Procedures and Suggestions)Background Notes for Exercise 2 Taco Bellis a fast-food restaurant chain that serves Mexican food such astacos and enchiladas.

10 The first Taco Bell opened in 1962 in the state ofCalifornia in the United States. Today there are thousands of Taco Bellsaround the Communication ActivityHave students work in pairs to ask each other the questions from the fast-foodquestionnaire in Exercise 1 on page 212. Then have a class summary, and puttheir responses on the :Ten students say they are likely to eat at a fast-food restaurant 1 3 timesa Writing ActivityAsk students to write a paragraph about their opinion of fast-food restaurantslike McDonald s. Remind them to use some infinitives after nouns and adjec-tives. They can use Appendix 9 on page 338 for :I am upset to see a McDonald s wherever I go ..105 Unit 50 UNIT50 Infinitives with TooandEnoughIllustrationPre-reading QuestionsHave students look at the cartoon. Ask these questions:Where is the older couple? (At home/In bed.)What were they doing before the younger man walked in? (Reading.)Who do you think the man standing in the door is?