完形治療完形治療（（（（Gestalt therapyGestalt …

1 1 gestalt therapyGestalt therapyGestalt therapyGestalt therapy 2003/10/12 gestalt shape form gestalt psychology 20 Perls Perls Perls and Goodman 1940 1950 Logotherapy Rational Emotive therapy Transactional Analysis --- Mereno Rogers --- by Wilhelm Reich holism field theory Lewin self-regulating here and now now

2 Contact experimentation aware process 2 Perls Rogers REBT Rogers Rogers Marin Buber s I-Thou self REBT Fredrick 1893-1970 1916 1920 1926 Goldstein Deutsch Horney Fenichel Reich 1934 Smuts 1946 1947 1951 Hefferline

3 Goodman 1952 1969 1970 1972 1973 --Rank Reich ---Wittgenstein Buber Friedlander Lewin Smuts / Goldstein Lewin Wertheimer Koffka Kohler Laura Perls 3 1947 1951 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2.

4 3. boundary 4.. / figure & groud Perls /

5 Buber (unfinished business) 4 disturbances at the boundary boundary creative adjustment maturity

6 Phony layerphony layerphony layerphony layer Top-dog & Under-dog phobic layerphobic layerphobic layerphobic layer gamegamegamegame layerlayerlayerlayer asasasas----ifififif layerlayerlayerlayer impimpimpimpasseasseasseasse layerlayerlayerlayer sick-point Perls 1975 implosive layerimplosive layerimplosive layerimplosive layer deathdeathdeathdeath layerlayerlayerlayer explosive layerexplosive layerexplosive

7 Layerexplosive layer Clarkson 1992 disrupted personality functioning polarities / / topdog underdog ambivalence resistance 5 contact and support anxiety impasse development self Perls What and How Here and Now

8 Polster 1973 Power is in the present what how why Awareness (1) (2) (3) 1 2 3 6 Contact Experiment Self-Disclosure

9 Perls Perls embody Perls Focusing Enactment Mental Experiment Guided Fantasy and Imagery Body Awareness