GGB DU and DU-B

1 GGB DU and DU-B . Metal-Polymer Self-lubricating Bearing Solutions The Global Leader in High Performance Bearing Solutions an EnPro Industries company Quality All the products described in this handbook are manufactured under DIN EN ISO 9001, ISO/TS 16949 and ISO 14001. approved quality management systems. In addition GGB North America has been certi ed AS9100 revision B complying with the requirements of aerospace industry's quality management system for the manufacture of metal-backed bearings and lament wound bearings and washers. AMERICA. FRANCE CHINA. GERMANY. BRAZIL SLOVAKIA. Technical approvals: Tested and approved by MPA Stuttgart (for DU B) for structural bearings for civil engineering applications. Content Content Quality .. I 4 data sheet .. 22. Formula Symbols and Designations .. II data for bearing design Historical.

2 III calculations .. 22. 1 Introduction .. 5 5 Lubrication .. 23. Applications .. 5 Lubricants .. 23. Characteristics and Tribology .. 23. Advantages .. 5 Hydrodynamic lubrication .. 23. Mixed film lubrication .. 24. Basic Forms Available .. 5 Boundary lubrication .. 24. Materials .. 6 Characteristics of Lubricated DU bearings .. 24. 2 Material .. 7. Design Guidance for Structure .. 7 Lubricated Applications .. 24. Dry Wear Mechanism .. 7 Clearances for Physical, Mechanical lubricated operation .. 26. and Electrical Properties .. 9 Mating Surface Finish for Chemical Properties .. 10 lubricated operation .. 26. Electrochemical Corrosion .. 10 Grooving for Frictional Properties .. 10 lubricated operation .. 26. Grease Lubrication .. 26. 3 Performance .. 12. Design Factors .. 12 6 Bearing Assembly .. 27. Calculation .. 12 Dimensions and Tolerances.

3 27. Specific Load p .. 12 Allowance for Specific Load Limit plim .. 13 Thermal Expansion .. 27. Sliding Speed U .. 13 Tolerances for Continuous Rotation .. 13 minimum clearance .. 27. Oscillating Movement .. 13 Sizing .. 28. pU Factor .. 14 Counterface Design .. 28. Application Factors .. 14 Installation .. 29. Temperature .. 14 Fitting of cylindrical bushes .. 29. Mating Surface .. 15 Fitting of flanged bushes .. 29. Bearing Size .. 15 Insertion Forces .. 29. Bore Burnishing .. 16 Alignment .. 30. Type of Load .. 16 Sealing .. 30. Calculation of Bearing Size .. 17 Axial Location .. 30. Calculation for Bushes .. 17 Fitting of Thrust Washers .. 30. Calculation for Thrust Washers 17 Slideways .. 31. Calculation for Slideways .. 17. Calculation of Bearing 7 Modification .. 32. Service Life .. 18 Cutting and Machining .. 32. Specific load p.

4 18 Drilling Oil Holes .. 32. High load factor aE .. 18 Cutting Strip Material .. 32. Modified pU Factor .. 18 Electroplating .. 32. Estimation of bearing life LH .. 19 DU Components .. 32. Bore Burnishing .. 19 Mating Surfaces .. 32. Slideways .. 19. Worked Examples .. 20. 3. Content 8 Standard Products .. 33 DU Strip .. 50. DU Cylindrical Bushes .. 33 DUB Strip .. 50. DU Flanged Bushes .. 38 DU Strip - Inch sizes .. 50. DU Flanged Washers .. 40 9 Test Methods .. 51. DU Thrust Washer .. 41. Measurement of DUB Cylindrical Bushes .. 42 Wrapped Bushes .. 51. DUB Flanged Bushes .. 44 Test A of ISO 3547 Part 2 .. 51. DU Cylindrical Bushes - Test B (alternatively to Test A) . 51. Inch sizes .. 45 Test C .. 51. Measurement of Wall Thickness DU Thrust Washers - (alternatively to Test C) .. 51. Inch sizes .. 49. Test D .. 51. 4. Introduction 1.

5 1 Introduction The purpose of this handbook is to provide GGB is continually refining and extending comprehensive technical information on its experimental and theoretical knowledge the characteristics of DU bearings. and, therefore, when using this brochure it The information given permits designers to is always worth-while to contact the Com- establish the correct size of bearing requi- pany should additional information be red and the expected life and performance. required. GGB Research and Development services As it is impossible to cover all conditions of are available to assist with unusual design operation which arise in practice, custo- problems. mers are advised to carry out prototype testing wherever possible. Complete information on the range of DU. standard stock products is given together with details of other DU products.

6 Applications DU is suitable for rotating, example when increased corrosion resi- oscillating, stance of the bearing material is required reciprocating and due to sliding movements. atmospheric or environmental consider- ations Also available are DU related material compositions for specific applications, for food safety regulations Characteristics and Advantages DU requires no lubrication Resists solvents Provides maintenance free operation No water absorption and therefore DU has a high pU capability dimensionally stable DU exhibits low wear rate DU is electrically conductive and Seizure resistant shows no electrostatic effects Suitable for temperatures from DU has good embedability and is tol- -200 to +280 C erant of dusty environments High static and dynamic load capacity Compact and light Good frictional properties with negli- DU bearings are prefinished and gible stick-slip require no machining after assembly Basic Forms Available Standard Components available from stock.

7 These products are manufactured to Inter- national, National or GGB standard designs. Metric and Imperial sizes Cylindrical Bushes Flanged Washers *. Flanged Bushes * Strip Material Thrust Washers * Metric sizes only 5. 1 Introduction Fig. 1: Standard Components Non-Standard Components not available from stock. These products are manufactured to Half Bearings customers' requirements with or without Flat Components GGB recommendations, and include for Deep Drawn Parts example Pressings Modified Standard Components Stampings Fig. 2: Non-Standard Components Materials Operating Temperature Bearing Maximum Load plim Material Backing [ C]. Lining [N/mm2]. Minimum Maximum DU Steel PTFE+Lead -200 +280 250. DUB Bronze PTFE+Lead -200 +280 140. Table 1: Characteristics of DU and DUB. 6. Material 2. 2 Material Structure DU. DU and DUB take advantage of the out- standing dry bearing properties of Polyte- trafluoroethylene (PTFE) and combines them with strength, stability and good wear resistance, excellent heat conductivity and low thermal expansion.

8 DU consists of three bonded layers: a steel backing strip and a porous bronze matrix, impregnated and overlaid with the PTFE/. lead bearing material. Fig. 3: DU Microsection DUB. DUB also consists of three layers, with a bronze backing replacing the steel backing strip. The structure is otherwise the same as that of DU. The bronze backing provides a high corro- sion resistance, anti magnetic properties and a good thermal conductivity. Fig. 4: DUB Microsection Dry Wear Mechanism Bronze beginning to smear near end of material life Fig. 8. Typical appearance after half material life Fig. 7. Radial wear [mm]. Running-in completed low wear rate starts when bronze is exposed Fig. 6. 0. 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000. Life LH [h]. Fig. 5: Effect of wear on the DU bearing surface under dry operating conditions. 7. 2 Material Running-in During normal operation, a DU bearing excess of the PTFE/lead surface layer will quickly beds in and the PTFE/lead overlay be shed as fine feathery particles.

9 Material removed during this period, typi- cally mm, is transferred to the mating surface and forms a physically bon- ded lubricant film. The rubbing surface of the bearing often acquires a grey-green colour and the bronze matrix can be seen exposed over about 10 % of the bearing surface. Any Fig. 6: Running-in After 50 % of useful life Following the running-in period the wear rate reduces to a minimum and the per- centage of bronze exposed gradually increases. Fig. 7: After 50 % of useful life End of useful life After an extended period of operation the wear rate increases as the component approaches the end of its useful life as a self-lubricating bearing. At this stage at least 70 % of the bearing surface will be exposed bronze, and approximately mm wear will have occurred. Fig. 8: End of useful life Wear of Mating Surfaces There is no measurable wear of mating beyond its useful life or becomes contami- surfaces made from recommended materi- nated with abrasive dirt.

10 Als unless a DU bearing is operated 8. Material 2. Physical, Mechanical and Electrical Properties Value Characteristic Symbol Unit Comments DU DUB. Physical Thermal Conductivity 40 60 W/mK after running in. Properties measured on strip Coefficient of linear thermal expansion : mm thick. parallel to surface 1 11 18 1/106K. normal to surface 2 30 36 1/106K. Maximum Operating Tmax +280 +280 C. Temperature Minimum Operating Tmin 200 200 C. Temperature Mechanical measured on disc Properties Compressive Yield Strength c 350 300 N/mm 25 mm diameter x mm thick. Maximum Load Static psta,max 250 140 N/mm . Dynamic pdyn,max 140 140 N/mm . Electrical depends on applied pressure Surface Resistance ROB 1 10 1 12 . Properties and contact area Nuclear Maximum Thermal nvt Radiation Neutron dose DNth 2 x 1015 2 x 1015 nvt = thermal neutron flux Resistance Maximum gamma ray dose D 106 106 Gy = J/kg 1 Gray = 1 J/kg Table 2: Properties of DU and DUB.