Transcription of Glencoe Science
1 Copyright by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to reproduce the material contained herein on the condition that such materials be reproduced only for classroom use; be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with the Glencoe Biology program. Any other reproduction, for sale or other use, is expressly all inquiries to: Glencoe /McGraw-Hill8787 Orion PlaceColumbus, OH 43240-4027 ISBN-13: 978-0-07-874599-7 ISBN-10: 0-07-874599-3 Printed in the United States of America1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 024 11 10 09 08 07 06 Glencoe ScienceiiiTable of ContentsTo the Student .. viiDinah Zike s Foldables .. viiiChapter 1 The Study of Introduction to Biology .. The Nature of Science .. Methods of Science .
2 7 Chapter 2 Principles of Organisms and Their Relationships .. Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem .. Cycling of Matter.. 19 Chapter 3 Communities, Biomes, and Community Ecology .. Terrestrial Biomes .. Aquatic Ecosystems .. 30 Chapter 4 Population Population Dynamics .. Human Population .. 40 Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Biodiversity .. Threats to Biodiversity .. Conserving Biodiversity .. 51 Chapter 6 Chemistry in Atoms, Elements, and Compounds .. Chemical Reactions .. Water and Solutions .. The Building Blocks of Life .. 65 Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Cell Discovery and Theory .. The Plasma Membrane .. Structures and Organelles.. Cellular Transport .. 80 Chapter 8 Cellular How Organisms Obtain Energy.
3 Photosynthesis .. Cellular Respiration .. 90 Chapter 9 Cellular Cellular Growth .. Mitosis and Cytokinesis .. Cell Cycle Regulation .. 100 Copyright Glencoe /McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, 10 Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis .. Mendelian Genetics .. Gene Linkage and Polyploidy.. 113 Chapter 11 Complex Inheritance and Human Basic Patterns of Human Inheritance .. Complex Patterns of Inheritance .. Chromosomes and Human Heredity .. 124 Chapter 12 Molecular DNA: The Genetic Material .. Replication of DNA.. DNA, RNA, and Protein .. Gene Regulation and Mutations .. 139 Chapter 13 Genetics and Applied Genetics .. DNA Technology .. The Human Genome .. 152 Chapter 14 The History of Fossil Evidence of Change.
4 The Origin of Life .. 164 Chapter 15 Darwin s Theory of Natural Selection .. Evidence of Evolution .. Shaping Evolutionary Theory .. 176 Chapter 16 Primate Primates .. Hominoids to Hominins .. Human Ancestry .. 193 Chapter 17 Organizing Life s The History of Classification .. Modern Classification .. Domains and Kingdoms .. 208 Chapter 18 Bacteria and Bacteria .. Viruses and Prions.. 219 Chapter 19 Introduction to Protists .. Protozoans Animal-like Protists .. Algae Plantlike Protists .. Funguslike Protists .. 234 Chapter 20 Introduction to Fungi .. Diversity of Fungi .. Ecology of Fungi .. 244 Copyright Glencoe /McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, 21 Introduction to Plant Evolution and Adaptations.
5 Nonvascular Plants .. Seedless Vascular Plants .. Vascular Seed Plants .. 255 Chapter 22 Plant Structure and Plant Cells and Tissues .. Roots, Stems, and Leaves .. Plant Hormones and Responses .. 267 Chapter 23 Reproduction in Introduction to Plant Reproduction .. Flowers .. Flowering Plants .. 278 Chapter 24 Introduction to Animal Characteristics .. Animal Body Plans .. Sponges and Cnidarians .. 290 Chapter 25 Worms and Flatworms.. Roundworms and Rotifers .. Mollusks .. Segmented Worms.. 305 Chapter 26 Arthropod Characteristics .. Arthropod Diversity .. Insects and Their Relatives .. 316 Chapter 27 Echinoderms and Invertebrate Echinoderm Characteristics .. Invertebrate Chordates.
6 326 Chapter 28 Fishes and Fishes .. Diversity of Today s Fishes .. Amphibians .. 340 Chapter 29 Reptiles and Reptiles .. Birds .. 350 Chapter 30 Mammalian Characteristics .. Diversity of Mammals.. 362 Chapter 31 Animal Basic Behaviors .. Ecological Behaviors .. 371 Copyright Glencoe /McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, 32 Integumentary, Skeletal, and Muscular The Integumentary System.. The Skeletal System .. The Muscular System .. 382 Chapter 33 Nervous Structure of the Nervous System .. Organization of the Nervous System.. The Senses .. Effects of Drugs .. 395 Chapter 34 Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Circulatory System .. Respiratory System .. Excretory System.
7 408 Chapter 35 Digestive and Endocrine The Digestive System .. Nutrition .. The Endocrine System .. 417 Chapter 36 Human Reproduction and Reproductive Systems .. Human Development Before Birth .. Birth, Growth, and Aging .. 431 Chapter 37 Immune Infectious Diseases .. The Immune System .. Noninfectious Disorders .. 443 Copyright Glencoe /McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Essentials for Biology takes the stress out of reading, learning, and understanding biology. This book covers important concepts in biology, offers ideas for how to learn the information, and helps you review what you have learned. Understanding biology concepts will help you improve your critical-thinking skills, solve problems effectively, and make useful chapters of Reading Essentials for Biology include the following elements.
8 Before You Read sparks your interest in what you will learn and relates it to your world. The Main Idea and What You ll Learn statements help focus on the most important concepts in the section. Read to Learn describes important biology concepts with words and graphics. Next to the text you can find a variety of study tips and ideas for organizing and learning information: Study Coach and Mark the Text offer tips for getting the main ideas out of the text. Foldables Study Organizers help you divide the information into smaller, easier-to-remember concepts. Reading Checks ask questions about key concepts. The questions are placed so you know whether you understand the material. Think It Over elements help you consider the material in-depth, giving you an opportunity to use your critical-thinking skills.
9 Picture This questions relate to the illustrations used with the text. The questions will help get you actively involved in illustrating the important concepts. Applying Math reinforces the connection between math and the StudentCopyright Glencoe /McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Zike s FoldablesTMA foldable is a 3-D, interactive graphic organizer. By using Foldables, you can quickly organize and retain information. Every chapter in Reading Essentials for Biology includes a foldable that can be used to organize important ideas in the chapter. Later, the foldable can be used as a study guide for main ideas and key points in the chapter. Foldables can also be used for a more in-depth investigation of the key terms, concepts, or ideas presented in the chapter.
10 The Foldables for this book can be created using notebook paper or plain sheets of paper. Some will require scissors to cut the tabs. The Foldables created for this book can be stored in a plastic bag, a box, or sheet protectors in a three-ring binder. By keeping your Foldables organized, you will have a ready study tool. You will also be creating a portfolio of your teacher might ask you to make the Foldables found on the Start-Up Activities pages in the Student Edition, in addition to the Foldables you will make for Reading Essentials for Biology. As you become familiar with Foldables, you might see other opportunities to use Foldables to create additional study tools. Keep together all the Foldables you make for a chapter. Use them as you review the chapter and study for Glencoe /McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Study of Lifechapter1 Reading Essentials Chapter 1 The Study of Life 1 Copyright Glencoe /McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Introduction to Biology1 Before You ReadWhat does it mean to be alive?
