Global Civil Society

1 Global Civil SocietyDimensions of the Nonprofit SectorOther Project PublicationsJOHNS HOPKINS NONPROFIT SECTOR SERIESThe Emerging Nonprofit M. Salamon and Helmut K. Anheier(Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1996).Defining the Nonprofit Sector: A Cross-National by Lester and Helmut K. Anheier (Manchester, UK: Manchester UniversityPress, 1997).The Nonprofit Sector in Archambault (Manchester, UK: Man-chester University Press, 1997).The Nonprofit Sector in Hungary. va Kuti (Manchester, UK: ManchesterUniversity Press, 1996).The Nonprofit Sector in by Gian Paolo Barbetta (Manchester,UK: Manchester University Press, 1997).The Nonprofit Sector in Yamamoto (Manchester, UK: Man-chester University Press, 1998).The Nonprofit Sector in Lundstr m and Filip Wijkstr m(Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1998).

2 The Voluntary Sector in the Kendall and Martin Knapp (Man-chester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1996).The Nonprofit Sector in the Developing by Helmut K. Anheierand Lester M. Salamon (Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press,1998).OTHER PUBLICATIONSThe International Guide to Nonprofit M. Salamon (New York:John Wiley & Sons, 1997).CNP Working a list of the CNP working papers, contact the Cen-ter for Civil Society Studies (mailing address: CCSS, Institute for PolicyStudies, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore,MD 21218-2688, USA; e-mail: fax: 410-516-7818; tele-phone: 410-516-4523; Web address: ~ccss/).The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector ProjectGlobal Civil SocietyDimensions of the Nonprofit SectorLester M.

3 SalamonHelmut K. AnheierRegina ListStefan ToeplerS. Wojciech Sokolowskiand AssociatesThe Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society StudiesBaltimore, MD 1999 Table of ContentsContributors.. ixPreface .. xviiPart 1: Comparative Overview.. 1 Chapter 1: Civil Society in Comparative Perspective.. 3 Lester M. Salamon, Helmut K. Anheier, and AssociatesPart 2: Western Europe.. 41 Chapter 2: Belgium .. 43 Sybille Mertens, Sophie Adam, Jacques Defourny,Michel Mar e, Jozef Pacolet, and Ilse Van de PutteChapter 3: Finland.. 63 Voitto Helander, Harri Laaksonen, Susan Sundback,Helmut K. Anheier, and Lester M. SalamonChapter 4: France .. 81 dith Archambault, Marie Gariazzo, Helmut , and Lester M. SalamonChapter 5: Germany .. 99 Eckhard Priller, Annette Zimmer, Helmut K.

4 Anheier,Stefan Toepler, and Lester M. SalamonChapter 6: Ireland .. 119 Freda Donoghue, Helmut K. Anheier, and Lester 7: Netherlands.. 145 Ary Burger, Paul Dekker, Stefan Toepler, Helmut , and Lester M. SalamonChapter 8: Spain .. 163 Jos Ignacio Ruiz Olabu naga, Antonio Jim nez Lara,Helmut K. Anheier, and Lester M. SalamonChapter 9: United Kingdom .. 179 Jeremy Kendall and Stephen AlmondvPart 3: Other Developed Countries.. 201 Chapter 10: Australia.. 203 Mark Lyons, Susan Hocking, Les Hems, andLester M. SalamonChapter 11: Israel .. 219 Benjamin Gidron, Hagai Katz, Helmut K. Anheier,and Lester M. SalamonChapter 12: Japan .. 243 Naoto Yamauchi, Hiroko Shimizu, S. WojciechSokolowski, and Lester M. SalamonChapter 13: United States.

5 261S. Wojciech Sokolowski and Lester M. SalamonPart 4: Central and Eastern Europe.. 283 Chapter 14: Czech Republic .. 285 Pavol Fric , Rochdi Goulli, Stefan Toepler, andLester M. SalamonChapter 15: Hungary.. 305 Istv n Sebest ny, va Kuti, Stefan Toepler, andLester M. SalamonChapter 16: Poland .. 325 Ewa Les , Sl awomir Nal e cz, Jan Jakub Wygnan ski,Stefan Toepler, and Lester M. SalamonChapter 17: Romania .. 337 Daniel Saulean, Dan Stancu, Carmen Epure,Stefan Constantinescu, Simona Luca, Adrian Baboi Stroe,Oana Tiganescu, Bogdan Berianu, Stefan Toepler, and Lester M. SalamonChapter 18: Slovakia .. 355 Helena Wolekov , Alexandra Petr s ov , StefanToepler, and Lester M. SalamonPart 5: Latin America.. 371 Chapter 19: Argentina.

6 373 Mario Roitter, Regina List, and Lester M. SalamonChapter 20: Brazil .. 393 Leilah Landim, Neide Beres, Regina List, andLester M. SalamonChapter 21: Colombia .. 411 Rodrigo Villar, Regina List, and Lester M. SalamonviTable of ContentsChapter 22: Mexico .. 429 Gustavo Verduzco, Regina List, and Lester 23: Peru .. 445 Cynthia Sanborn, Hanny Cueva, Felipe Portocarrero,Regina List, and Lester M. SalamonAppendices .. 463A: Methodology and Approach .. 463B: Comparative Data Tables .. 477C: Data Sources .. 485D: Advisory Committees .. 501E: Local Associates .. 507 Project Funders.. 511 Table of ContentsviiContributorsSOPHIEADAMis a research associate at the Centre of Social Economy of the Univer-sity of Li ge. She holds a Masters in Development Management from the Univer-sity of Li Research Officer at the Personal Social Services Research Unitwith half-time posts at the University of Kent at Canterbury and the LondonSchool of Economics and Political Science in the He also teaches in theEconomics Department at Kent.

7 He received his in Health Economics andEconometrics from the University of Kent at Canterbury. Recent publications in-clude Poverty, Disability and the Use of Long Term Care Services,a Royal Commissionreport, and The Costs of Schizophrenia(Wiley & Sons, 1999).HELMUTK. ANHEIERwas the Associate Director of the Comparative Nonprofit SectorProject until 1998. He is currently the Director of the Centre for Voluntary Or-ganisation at the London School of Economics and Political Science in the to this, he was Senior Research Associate at the Johns Hopkins Institute forPolicy Studies, Associate Professor of Sociology at Rutgers University, and SocialAffairs Officer at the United Nations. The author of numerous books and arti-cles and founding editor of the journal Voluntas,he holds a in Sociologyfrom Yale University.

8 DITHARCHAMBAULTis the Local Associate for France and a Professor at the Sor-bonne-University of Paris I in France. She is also Director of the Laboratoire d -conomie Sociale, a 30-person research team acknowledged by the Centre Na-tional de la Recherche Scientifique (National Center for Scientific Research).She was the Vice President of the International Society for Third-sector Research(ISTR) from 1994 to 1996. Her most recent publication in English is The Non-profit Sector in France(Manchester University Press, 1997).ADRIANBABOISTROEis a researcher at both the Civil Society Development Founda-tion and the Institute for Educational Sciences in Bucharest, an economist with the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat stica(Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics).

9 BOGDANBERIANUis a researcher specializing in the Romanian nonprofit , co-Local Associate for the Netherlands, is a researcher at the Social andCultural Planning Office (SCP) in the Netherlands. He studied economic andsocial history at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and has published on theDutch nonprofit sector, as well as on Europe s agricultural policy and on inter-national growth and productivity a sociologist and former member of the Research Pro-gram of the Civil Society Development Foundation in Bucharest, Romania. Cur-rently, he works in the business an economist, junior professor, and associated researcher at theUniversidad del Pac fico in Lima, Peru. She is currently working on social evalu-ation issues and a broader study of the social and economic impact of third sec-tor activities in , co-Local Associate for Belgium, is Professor at the University ofLi ge and Head of the University s Centre of Social Economy well-knownthroughout the world for its research on the third sector.

10 He holds a inEconomics from the University of Li ge and a Masters in Public Administrationfrom Cornell , Local Associate for the Netherlands, is a political scientist and Re-search Fellow at the Social and Cultural Planning Office in The Hague. He haspublished about planning and government, social and political attitudes, andpolitical participation in the Netherlands, often in a cross-national present research interests include environmental attitudes, volunteering,and Civil the Director of the Policy Research Centre at the National Col-lege of Ireland in Dublin. She holds a in Sociology and has worked in, andpublished on, nonprofit research for several years. She is the chief researcher onthe Irish team in the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project andhas produced the first systematic data on the size and scope of the nonprofit sec-tor in Ireland.