GNU Emacs Manual

1 GNU Emacs ManualGNU Emacs ManualUpdated for Emacs Version Stallman et is theGNU Emacs Manual , updated for Emacs version 1985 1987, 1993 2022 Free Software Foundation, is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document underthe terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version or any laterversion published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sectionsbeing The GNU Manifesto, Distribution and GNU GENERAL PUBLICLICENSE, with the Front-Cover Texts being A GNU Manual , and with theBack-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in thesection entitled GNU Free Documentation License. (a) The FSF s Back-Cover Text is: You have the freedom to copy and modifythis GNU Manual . Buying copies from the FSF supports it in developing GNUand promoting software freedom. Published by the Free Software Foundation51 Franklin Street, Fifth FloorBoston, MA 02110-1301 USAISBN 978-0-9831592-8-5 Cover art by Etienne Suvasa.

2 Cover design by FSF Organization of the , Keys and and Exiting Editing Commands by Mark and the and Moving Controlling the Searching and Commands for Fixing Keyboard File Using Multiple Multiple Frames and Graphical International Character Set Major and Minor Commands for Human Editing Compiling and Testing Maintaining Large Dired, the Directory The Calendar and the Sending Reading Mail with Miscellaneous Emacs Lisp Dealing with Common GENERAL PUBLIC Free Documentation Line Arguments for Emacs Options and 27 and macOS / and Microsoft GNU (Character) and Function of The Organization of the The Echo The Mode The Menu Characters, Keys and Kinds of User Keys and Entering and Exiting Entering Exiting Basic Editing Inserting Changing the Location of Erasing Undoing Blank Continuation Cursor Position Numeric Repeating a The Using the Minibuffers for File Editing in the Completion Completion Completion How Completion Alternatives Are Completion Minibuffer Repeating Minibuffer Entering Yes or No Running Commands by Documentation for a Help by Command or Variable Help Mode Keyword Search for Help for International Language Other Help Help Help on Active Text and The Mark and the Setting the Commands to Mark Textual Operating on the The Mark The Global Mark Shift Disabling Transient Mark Killing and Moving Deletion and

3 Killing by Other Kill Options for The Kill Yanking Earlier Appending Cut and Paste Operations on Graphical Using the Cut and Paste with Other Window Secondary Accumulating CUA Saving Positions in Saving Text in Saving Rectangles in Saving Window Configurations in Keeping Numbers in Keeping File Names in Keyboard Macro Controlling the Automatic Horizontal View Follow Text Colors for Color RGB Standard Text Font Lock Interactive Window Displaying Useless Selective Optional Mode Line How Text Is Displaying the Line Visual Line Customization of Searching and Incremental Basics of Incremental Repeating Incremental Isearch Errors in Incremental Special Input for Incremental Not Exiting Incremental Searching the Nonincremental Word Symbol Regular Expression Syntax of Regular Backslash in Regular Regular Expression Lax Matching During Replacement Unconditional Regexp Replace Commands and Lax Query Other Search-and-Loop Tailoring Search to Your Commands for Fixing Transposing Case Checking and Correcting Keyboard Basic The Keyboard Macro The Keyboard Macro Executing Macros with Naming and Saving Keyboard Editing a Keyboard Stepwise Editing a Keyboard File File Visiting Saving Commands for Saving Backup Single or Numbered Automatic Deletion of Copying vs.

4 Customizing Saving of Protection against Simultaneous Shadowing Updating Time Stamps Reverting a Auto Revert: Keeping buffers automatically Auto-Saving: Protection Against Auto-Save Controlling Recovering Data from File Name File Comparing Diff Copying, Naming and Renaming Miscellaneous File Accessing Compressed File Remote Quoted File File Name Convenience Features for Finding Viewing Image Using Multiple Creating and Selecting Listing Existing Miscellaneous Buffer Killing Operating on Several Indirect Convenience Features and Customization of Buffer Making Buffer Names Fast minibuffer Customizing Buffer Multiple Concepts of Emacs Splitting Using Other Displaying in Another Deleting and Resizing Displaying a Buffer in a Displaying non-editable Convenience Features for Window Window Tab Frames and Graphical Mouse Commands for Mouse Commands for Words and Following References with the Mouse Clicks for Mode Line Mouse Creating Frame Speedbar Multiple Frame Scroll Window Drag

5 And Menu Tool Tab Using Dialog Mouse Non-Window Using a Mouse in Text International Character Set Introduction to International Character Language Input Selecting an Input Coding Recognizing Coding Specifying a File s Coding Choosing Coding Systems for Specifying a Coding System for File Coding Systems for Interprocess Coding Systems for File Coding Systems for Terminal Defining Modifying Undisplayable Unibyte Editing Bidirectional Major and Minor Major Minor Choosing File Indentation Tab Tabs vs. Convenience Features for Commands for Human Quotation Filling Auto Fill Explicit Fill The Fill Adaptive Case Conversion Text Outline Format of Outline Motion Outline Visibility Viewing One Outline in Multiple Folding Org Org as an Org as an authoring TEX TEX Editing LATEX Editing TEX Printing TEX Mode SGML and HTML Nroff Enriched Enriched Hard and Soft Editing Format Faces in Enriched Indentation in Enriched Justification in Enriched Setting Other Text Editing Text-based What is a Text-based Table?

6 Creating a Table Commands for Table Cell Table Rows and Converting Between Plain Text and Table Two-Column Editing Major Modes for Programming Top-Level Definitions, or Left Margin Moving by Which Function Indentation for Basic Program Indentation Indenting Several Customizing Lisp Commands for C Customizing C Commands for Editing with Expressions with Balanced Moving in the Parenthesis Matching Manipulating Comment Multiple Lines of Options Controlling Documentation Info Documentation Man Page Emacs Lisp Documentation Hideshow minor Completion for Symbol MixedCase Other Features Useful for Editing C and Related C Mode Motion Electric C Hungry Delete Feature in Other Commands for C Asm Compiling and Testing Running Compilations under Compilation Subshells for Searching with Grep under Finding Syntax Errors On The Running Debuggers Under Starting Debugger Commands of GUD GDB Graphical GDB

7 User Interface Source Breakpoints Threads Stack Other GDB Watch Multithreaded Executing Lisp Libraries of Lisp Code for Evaluating Emacs Lisp Lisp Interaction Running an External Maintaining Large Version Introduction to Version Understanding the Problems it Supported Version Control Concepts of Version Merge-based vs Lock-based Version Changeset-based vs File-based Version Decentralized vs Centralized Types of Log Version Control and the Mode Basic Editing under Version Basic Version Control with Basic Version Control with Advanced Control inC-x v Features of the Log Entry Registering a File for Version Examining And Comparing Old VC Change Undoing Version Control Ignore Version Control VC Directory The VC Directory VC Directory Version Control Switching between Pulling/Pushing Changes into/from a Merging Creating New Working with Project Commands That Operate on Project Commands That Operate on Switching Managing the Project List Change Change Log Format of Find Identifier Find Looking Up Commands Available in the*xref* Searching and Replacing with Identifier Tags Source File Tag Creating Tags Etags Selecting a Tags Emacs Development Bug Abbrev Defining Controlling Abbrev Abbrevs Examining and Editing Saving Dynamic Abbrev Customizing Dynamic Dired, the Directory Entering Navigation in the Dired Deleting Files with Flagging Many Files at Visiting Files in Dired Marks vs.

8 Operating on Shell Commands in Transforming File Names in File Comparison with Subdirectories in Moving Over Hiding Updating the Dired Dired Editing the Dired Viewing Image Thumbnails in Other Dired The Calendar and the Movement in the Motion by Standard Lengths of Beginning or End of Week, Month or Specified Scrolling in the Counting Miscellaneous Calendar Writing Calendar Times of Sunrise and Phases of the Conversion To and From Other Supported Calendar Converting To Other Converting From Other The The Diary Displaying the Date Commands to Add to the Special Diary Importing and Exporting Diary Daylight Saving Summing Time Sending The Format of the Mail Mail Header Mail Mail Mail Mail Header Citing Mail Mail Mail Mail-Composition Reading Mail with Basic Concepts of Scrolling Within a Moving Among Deleting Rmail Files and Multiple Rmail Copying Messages Out to Rmail Sending Making Editing in Sorting the Rmail Display of Rmail and Coding Editing Within a Digest Reading

9 Rot13 Retrieving Mail from Remote Retrieving Mail from Local Mailboxes in Various Miscellaneous Email and Usenet News with Gnus When Gnus Starts Using the Gnus Group Using the Gnus Summary Host Network Document DocView DocView DocView DocView Running Shell Commands from Single Shell Interactive Shell Shell Shell Command Shell History Shell History Shell History Directory Shell Mode Emacs Terminal Term Remote Host Serial Using Emacs as a TCP Emacs Printing Hard PostScript Variables for PostScript Printing Sorting Editing Binary Saving Emacs Recursive Editing Hyperlinking and Web Navigation Web Browsing with Embedded WebKit Following Activating Finding Files and URLs at Games and Other Emacs Lisp The Package Menu Package Package Package Files and Directory Easy Customization Customization Browsing and Searching for Changing a Saving Customizing Customizing Specific Custom Creating Custom Examining and Setting Local Local Variables in Specifying File Safety of File Per-Directory Local Per-Connection Local Customizing Key Prefix Local Minibuffer Changing Key Bindings Rebinding Keys in Your Init Modifier Rebinding Function NamedASCIIC ontrol Rebinding Mouse Disabling The Emacs Initialization Init File Init File Terminal-specific How Emacs Finds Your Init Non-ASCIIC haracters in Init The Early Init Keeping Persistent Authentication Dealing with Common Quitting and Dealing with Emacs IfDELF ails to Recursive Editing Garbage

10 On the Garbage in the Running out of When Emacs Recovery After a Emergency Long Reporting Reading Existing Bug Reports and Known When Is There a Understanding Bug Checklist for Bug Sending Patches for GNU Contributing to Emacs Coding Copyright How To Get Help with GNU A GNU GENERALPUBLIC B GNU Free Documentation C Command Line Argumentsfor Emacs Action Initial Command Argument Environment General Miscellaneous The MS-Windows System Specifying the Display Font Specification Window Color Options for Window Size and Internal and Outer Frame Other Display D X Options and X Table of X Resources for GTK+ GTK+ Resource GTK+ widget GTK+ Widget Names in GTK+ E Emacs 27 F Emacs and macOS / Basic Emacs usage under macOS and Grabbing environment Mac / GNUstep Modifier Frame macOS Trackpa