“GRAND DUCHY OF LUXEMBOURG”

1 POINT FOCAL OEDT grand -DUCHE DE luxembourg 2013 NATIONAL REPORT (2012 data) TO THE EMCDDA by the REITOX National Focal Point grand DUCHY OF luxembourg New Developments, Trends and in-depth Information on Selected Issues Alain Origer REITOX 2 SUMMARY .. 6 Drug policy: legislation, strategies and economic analysis .. 6 Epidemiological Indicators .. 6 Drug-related treatment .. 8 Health correlates and responses to consequences .. 9 Social correlates and social reintegration .. 9 Harm reduction 10 Law enforcement indicators.

2 10 Profile of the national drug market .. 11 Most Relevant Trends .. 12 Consistency between Indicators .. 13 Part A: New Developments and Trends .. 14 1. Drug policy: legislation, strategies and economic analysis .. 14 GENERAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK .. 14 NATIONAL ACTION PLAN, STRATEGY, EVALUATION AND COORDINATION .. 17 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS .. 21 2. Drug use in the general population and specific targeted groups .. 33 DRUG USE IN THE GENERAL POPULATION .. 33 DRUG USE IN THE SCHOOL AND YOUTH POPULATION .. 35 DRUG USE AMONG TARGETED GROUPS .. 43 3. Prevention .. 45 ENVIRONMENTAL PREVENTION .. 46 UNIVERSAL PREVENTION .. 50 SELECTIVE PREVENTION IN AT-RISK GROUPS AND SETTINGS .. 54 INDICATED PREVENTION .. 61 NATIONAL AND LOCAL MEDIA CAMPAIGNS .. 61 4. Problem Drug Use .. 64 PREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE ESTIMATES OF PDU.

3 65 DATA ON PDU FROM NON-TREATMENT SOURCES .. 70 5. Drug-related treatment: treatment demand and treatment 72 DRUG TREATMENT STRATEGIES AND POLICY .. 72 TREATMENT SYSTEMS .. 73 CHARACTERISTICS OF TREATED CLIENTS AND TRENDS OF CLIENTS IN TREATMENT .. 79 6. Health correlates and consequences .. 85 DRUG RELATED INFECTIOUS DISEASES .. 86 OTHER DRUG-RELATED HEALTH CORRELATES AND CONSEQUENCES .. 89 DRUG RELATED DEATHS AND MORTALITY OF DRUG USERS .. 91 7. Responses to health correlates and consequences .. 96 PREVENTION OF DRUG-RELATED EMERGENCIES AND REDUCTION OF DRUG RELATED DEATHS .. 96 PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF DRUG-RELATED INFECTIOUS DISEASES .. 99 RESPONSES TO OTHER HEALTH CORRELATES AMONG DRUG USERS .. 102 8. Social correlates and social reintegration ..104 SOCIAL EXCLUSION AND DRUG USE.

4 104 SOCIAL REINTEGRATION .. 107 9. Drug related crime, prevention of drug related crime and prison ..110 DRUG-RELATED CRIME .. 110 PREVENTION OF DRUG-RELATED CRIME .. 113 INTERVENTIONS IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM .. 114 DRUG USE AND PROBLEM DRUG USE IN PRISONS .. 115 RESPONSES TO DRUG-RELATED HEALTH ISSUES IN PRISONS .. 115 PREVENTION, TREATMENT AND CARE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES .. 118 REINTEGRATION OF DRUG USERS AFTER RELEASE FROM PRISON .. 119 10. Drug Markets ..120 AVAILABILITY AND SUPPLY .. 120 SEIZURES .. 123 PRICE/PURITY .. 125 Part B .. 127 Bibliography ..127 Annex I ..130 Annex II ..132 3 ABBREVIATIONS AST Service d Action Socio-Th rapeutique CATF Chemical Action Task Force CePT Centre de Pr vention des Toxicomanies CAS Commission d admission et de surveillance (CHDP) CFSP Common Foreign and Security Policy CHNP Centre Hospitalier Neuro-Psychiatrique CICAD Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission CMO Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Outline (UN)

5 CND Commission on Narcotic Drug CNDS Comit National de D fense Sociale CNER Comit National d Ethique de Recherche CNPD Commission Nationale de Protection des Donn es CPG Centre P nitentiaire de Givenich CPL Centre P nitentiaire de luxembourg CPOS Centre de Psychologie et d Orientation Scolaire CRP-HT Centre de Recherche Public - Henri Tudor CRP-Sant Centre de Recherche Public - Sant CTM Centre Th rapeutique de Manternach DEA Drug Enforcement Administration (United States) EWS Early Warning System on New Synthetic Drugs GID Groupe Interservices Drogue (de la Commission europ enne) EMCDDA/OEDT European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction EMEA European Medicines Agency EUROPOL European Police Office FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation (United States)

6 FED Fond Europ en de D veloppement FATF Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering FEDER Fond Europ en de D veloppement R gional FLTS Fonds de Lutte contre le Trafic des Stup fiants HAT Heroin Assisted Treatment HDG Horizontal Working Party on Drugs Honlea Heads of National Drug Law Enforcement Agencies 4 ICD Interministerial Commission on Drugs ICPO/Interpol International Criminal Police Organization ILO International Labour Organization INCB International Narcotic Control Board JDH Fondation Jugend- an Drogenh llef LNS Laboratoire National de Sant MSF M decins Sans Fronti res NDLEA National Drug Law Enforcement Administration (Nigeria) NFP National Focal Point of the EMCDDA NIDA National Institute on Drug Abuse (United States) OAS Organization of American States OCDE Organisation de Coop ration et de D veloppement Economiques OGD Observatoire G opolitique des Drogues OLAF European Anti-Fraud Office ONDCP Office of National Drug Control Policy of the White House (United States)

7 PECO Pays d Europe Centrale et Orientale RELIS R seau Luxembourgeois d Information sur les Stup fiants REITOX European Information Network on Drugs and Drug Addiction SADC Southern African Development Community SEPT Semaine Europ enne de Pr vention des Toxicomanies SID Syst me d Information Douanier SIS Syst me d Information Schengen SNJ Service National de la Jeunesse SPG Syst me de Pr f rences G n ralis es SPJ Service des Stup fiants de la Police Judiciaire TRANSRELIS R seau transfrontalier d Information sur les Stup fiants UNDCP United Nations International Drug Control Programme UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNGASS United Nations General Assembly Special Session on Drugs UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime WCO World Customs Organization WHO World Health Organization ZePF Zentrum f r Empirische P dagogische Forschung Universit t Landau 5 Avant-propos Le rapport 2013 sur l tat du ph nom ne de la drogue au grand -Duch de luxembourg (RELIS) vise situer le contexte dans lequel s inscrivent l usage et le trafic illicites de drogues et les toxicomanies au niveau national en proposant une vue d ensemble des volutions historiques et des tendances actuellement observ es en la mati re.

8 Les experts suivants ont t consult s: Dr Arno Bache (Direction de la Sant ), Andr e Colas et Sophie Hoffmann (Minist re de la Justice), Auguste Dicken (Administration des Douanes), Jean-Paul Juchem (CNS), Dr Ferdy Kasel (CHNP-BU-V), Dr Annette M he (CHL), Marc Bamberg (Police Judiciaire - Section Stup fiants), Jean-Marie Schanck et Guy Reinart (Direction de la Sant ), Steve Schmitz (Police Judiciaire Criminalit organis e), Simone Schram (Direction de la Sant ), Robert Welter (Parquet), Dr S. Schneider et Dr M. Yegles (Laboratoire National de Sant ) ainsi que l ensemble des ONG sp cialis es en mati re de prise en charge. Foreword The 2013 edition of the national report on the state of the drugs problem in the grand DUCHY of luxembourg aims to describe the framework in which drug use and drug trafficking evolve at the national level by providing a comprehensive overview of historical developments and recent trends.

9 Thanks are due to the following experts consulted in the framework of the 2013 edition of the report: Dr Arno Bache (Directorate of Health), Andr e Colas and Sophie Hoffmann (Ministry of Justice), Auguste Dicken (Customs Administration), Juchem (CNS), Dr Ferdy Kasel (CHNP-BU-V), Dr M he (CHL), Marc Bamberg (Special Drug Department of the Judicial Police), Schanck and Guy Reinart (Ministry of Health), Steve Schmitz (Judicial Police), Simone Schram (Directorate of Health), Robert Welter (Public Prosecutor s Office), Dr S. Schneider and Dr M. Yegles (National Laboratory of Health LNS) as national specialised NGOs. 6 SUMMARY Annual National Report on the State of the Drugs Problem (Edition 2013) Summary Drug policy: legislation, strategies and economic analysis In 1999 the government entrusted the Ministry of Health with the overall coordination of drug-related demand and risk reduction actions.

10 This led to the creation of the national drug coordinator s office in 2000. The 2009 governmental programme has set the framework for the elaboration of the third national strategy and action plan (2010-2014) for the fight against drugs and addictions. The national strategy and action plan 2010-2014 rely upon the priorities of the Ministry of Health and a sustained collaboration with field actors and civil society. In order to optimize its impact, the new action plan has taken into account relevant issues from EU and EC treaties, the EU anti-drugs strategy 2005-2012 and the EU drugs action plan 2009-2012. The general aim of the national strategy and action plan is to contribute to a high level of protection in terms of public health, public security and social cohesion.