GUIDE TO COOLANT ANALYSIS AND COOLING SYSTEM …

1 GUIDE TO COOLANT ANALYSIS AND COOLING SYSTEM MAINTENANCE. COOLANT FORMULATIONS & RECOMMENDED TEST PACKAGES. Conventional COOLANT Extended Life COOLANT Extended Life COOLANT Automotive, Light Duty & Heavy Duty engines (1st Generation) (2nd Generation). Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or glycerin base (OAT, NOAT & HOAT) (NAP-Free or NAPS-Free & P-OAT). Inorganic inhibitor package for metal corrosion and cavitation pitting protection Organic Acid Technology (OAT) North American & European Formulated Coolants Typical color: Orange Typical color: Red Components Automotive and Light Duty Heavy- and light-duty diesel, natural gas, and Typical Color: Green/Yellow, Pink, Blue, Purple Controls corrosion gasoline engines Ethylene/Propylene Glycol or Glycerin based Nitrite, Amine, Phosphate Free Freeze point suppression Nitrite Organic Acid Technology (NOAT) Combination of organic acids as inhibitor package Boil point elevation Typical color.

2 Red/Orange Requires a different glycol curve than Borate Heavy Duty engines traditional COOLANT Iron protection Nitrite added for cavitation corrosion protection pH buffer P-OAT (Asian Formulated Coolants). Hybrid Organic Acid Technology (HOAT) Typical color Red/Orange or Blue Nitrate Aluminum and solder corrosion protection Typical color: Fluorescent Yellow Heavy- and light-duty diesel, natural gas, and Nitrite Automotive and Diesel engines gasoline engines Cast iron and steel corrosion protection Combination of conventional and OAT technologies Nitrite, Amine, Borate & Silicate Free Phosphate Not restricted to any particular type of additive Includes Phosphates Iron protection Low-Silicate and Phosphate free Combination of organic acids as inhibitor package pH control Components Requires a different glycol curve than Silicate traditional COOLANT Ethylene Glycol Aluminum corrosion protection Freeze Point Suppression Components Azoles (Mercaptobenzothiazole - MBT, Tolytriazole Boil Point Elevation Ethylene Glycol TTZ or Benzothiazole - BZT) Potassium Soap of Dibasic Carboxylic Acid Freeze Point Suppression Yellow metal protection (copper & brass)

3 Iron, Solder and Aluminum Protection Boil Point Elevation Silicon & Block Polymers Potassium Soap of Monobasic Carboxylic Acid Carboxylic Acids Standard Defoamant Aluminum and Iron (w/sebacate) Protection Benzoate, 2-Ethylhexanoic, Sebacic, Octanoic, Scale and deposit control Nitrite p-toluic, Adipic or Dodecanedioic acid SCA & Water Cast Iron and Steel Protection Iron, Solder and Aluminum Protection Marine engines, Locomotives, COOLING towers Molybdenum Azoles (Mercaptobenzothiazole - MBT, Tolytriazole . Inorganic inhibitor package for metal corrosion and Iron Corrosion Protection (w/nitrite) TTZ or Benzothiazole - BZT). cavitation pitting protection Azoles (Mercaptobenzothiazole - MBT, Tolytriazole Phosphate General use in India, China, Brazil, Mexico, etc.)

4 TTZ or Benzothiazole - BZT) Iron protection General recommendation is to not use where there Modified Silicone Defoamant pH control is a chance of freezing Inhibit foaming tendencies Modified Silicone Defoamant Recommendations Inhibit foaming tendencies Recommendations Sample high hour/mileage or high asset engines Sample high hour/mileage or high asset engines Recommendations quarterly quarterly Sample engines less critical to production semi- Sample high hour/mileage or high asset engines Sample engines less critical to production semi- annually quarterly annually Monitor glycol, nitrite and pH levels at every PM Sample engines less critical to production Monitor glycol, nitrite, molybdenum and pH levels at When changing from a conventional to an extended semi-annually every PM life COOLANT , first flush the SYSTEM thoroughly unless Monitor glycol and pH levels at every PM.

5 High glycol could indicate an air leak that is using a conversion fluid - mixing the two degrades Test organic acids by High Pressure Liquid allowing the water in the COOLANT to evaporate the benefit of using an ELC Chromatography (HPLC) or test strip is necessary due to excessive under-hood heat to determine suitability for continued use Submit samples with a significant drop in SCA for NOTE: Components listed above do not reflect all com- mixing ELC COOLANT formulations with conventional laboratory testing to determine cause ponents used in all ELCs manufactured COOLANT will degrade ELC benefits. If changing from a conventional to an ELC product Test Package Test Package flush the SYSTEM thoroughly first unless conversion fluid is used.

6 Standard Conventional COOLANT Standard Extended Life COOLANT Visuals (color, foam, oil, fuel, magnetic precipitate, COOLANT components listed above do not reflect all Visuals (color, foam, oil, fuel, magnetic precipitate, components utilized in all 2nd generation ELC. non-magnetic precipitate, & odor) non-magnetic precipitate, & odor). pH coolants manufactured. pH Glycol %. Glycol % Freeze Point Nitrite Freeze Point SCA Number Specific Conductance Test Package Nitrite Carboxylic Acid Pass/Fail SCA Number Standard Extended Life COOLANT Total Hardness Total Hardness Corrosion Metals & Inhibitors by ICP (Iron, Copper, Visuals (color, foam, oil, fuel, magnetic precipitate, Specific Conductance Aluminum, Lead, Tin, Zinc, Silver, Calcium, non-magnetic precipitate, & odor).)

7 Corrosion Metals & Inhibitors by ICP (Iron, Copper, Magnesium, Borate, Silicon, Molybdenum, pH Glycol %. Aluminum, Lead, Tin, Zinc, Silver, Calcium, Mag- Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium) Freeze Point Nitrite nesium, Borate, Silicon, Molybdenum, Phosphorus, SCA Number Specific Conductance Potassium, Sodium) Premium Extended Life COOLANT Carboxylic Acid Pass/Fail Standard ELC COOLANT test package plus: Total Hardness Premium Conventional COOLANT Contaminant and Inhibitor Anions by IC (Fluoride, Corrosion Metals & Inhibitors by ICP (Iron, Copper, Standard Conventional COOLANT test package plus: Chloride, Sulfate, Nitrite, Nitrate, Phosphate, Aluminum, Lead, Tin, Zinc, Silver, Calcium, Contaminant and Inhibitor Anions by IC (Fluoride, Glycolate, Formate, Acetate, Oxalate) Magnesium, Borate, Silicon, Molybdenum, Chloride, Sulfate, Nitrite, Nitrate, Phosphate, Organic Acid and Azoles by HPLC(Benzoate, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium).)

8 Glycolate, Formate, Acetate, Oxalate) 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid, Sebacic Acid, Octanoic Acid, Premium Extended Life COOLANT p-Toluic Acid, Mercaptobenzothiazole, Tolytriazole, Benzothiazole) Standard ELC COOLANT test package plus: Contaminant and Inhibitor Anions by IC (Fluoride, Chloride, Sulfate, Nitrite, Nitrate, Phosphate, Glycolate, Formate, Acetate, Oxalate). Organic Acid and Azoles by HPLC(Benzoate, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid, Sebacic Acid, Octanoic Acid, p-Toluic Acid, Mercaptobenzothiazole, Tolytriazole, Benzothiazole). NOTE: Test package selection should be based on application, OEM COOLANT formulation and program goals. COOLANT MAINTENANCE.

9 Visual Appearance PROBABLE CAUSE POTENTIAL DAMAGE. Color should be clear and bright COOLANT mixing , glycol degradation, outside contaminants, Should match the color of original COOLANT used precipitation Oil in COOLANT loss of heat transfer, liner, hose and water pump free from oil or petroleum products oil cooler rubber seal or core leaks; seal damage, block head water passage (can cause seal and hose failures) combustion gas blow-by into the COOLANT seal damage Non-Magnetic/Magnetic Precipitate free from precipitate, flocculent, algae, bacteria, and/or improper COOLANT use, over-inhibiting, defective water pump seal abrasion, scores soft metal surfaces sludge (outside contaminants entering the SYSTEM or electrical grounds (copper & aluminum), liner pitting around lower seals COOLANT chemical dropout).

10 Magnetic precipitate should be a trace or less NOTE: Sample appearance alone does not determine whether a potentially harmful problem exists within the COOLING SYSTEM . Antifreeze/Glycol %. SPECIFICATIONS PROBABLE CAUSE POTENTIAL DAMAGE. Antifreeze level will vary by OEM specifications, Improper mixing of bulk COOLANT Internal boiling application and elevation at which the Topping off with water only Frozen and cracked block SYSTEM operates Too Low Cavitation and pitting Engines operating at 195 or above must be at 50% for boil point control Engines operating at 10,000 ft. and above should Improper mixing of bulk COOLANT Loss of heat transfer maintain a 55-60% antifreeze level to prevent Topping off with glycol concentrate Cavitation COOLANT boiling Too High Evaporation of water Pitted liners Marine applications should maintain 30-60% Seals may fail antifreeze if the SYSTEM operates above 195.