Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals, …

1 canadian council on animal care Conseil canadien de protection des animaux Guide to the care and Use of Experimental Animals Volume 1, 2nd Edition Sections of this document that have been revised are replaced by links to the relevant documents. The remaining sections are undergoing revision; however, they will continue to be used for CCAC assessments until revised guidelines are published. Editors Dr Olfert Dr Cross Mrs McWilliam Director Asssistant Director Information Officer animal Resources Centre animal Resources Centre canadian council on animal care University of Saskatchewan University of Saskatchewan 1000-151 Slater Street Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H3. S7N 0W0 S7N 0W0. In keeping with the CCAC policy of revising statements and guidelines as needed, users of this Guide are encouraged to forward any comments to the Secretariat.

2 Citing certain devices or manufacturers is not to be perceived as the endorsement of the canadian council on animal care (CCAC) of one particular product over another. Publication Date: 1993. Revision Date: April 2020. canadian council on animal care , 1993. ISBN: 0-919087-18-3. canadian council on animal care 190 O'Connor St., Suite 800. Ottawa, Ontario, K2P 2R3. Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS. I. RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE care AND USE. OF Experimental A NATIONAL 10. B. LOCAL 11. II. LABORATORY animal A. 12. B. 12. C. MECHANICAL 12. D. 12. E. MAJOR FUNCTIONAL 13. F. 13. G. CONSTRUCTION GUIDELINES FOR animal ROOMS .. 13. H. 13. 1. Shoebox 14. 2. Larger Solid Bottom 14. 3. Suspended 14. 4. Other 15. III. THE A. CLIMATE 16. 1. 16. 2. 16. 3. 17. 4. 17. B. OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL 17.

3 1. 17. 2. 17. Guide to the care and Use of Experimental Animals, Volume 1, 2nd Edition i Table of Contents 3. 17. 4. Population Density and Space 18. C. MICROBIOLOGICAL 18. D. CHEMICAL AND RADIOISOTOPE 18. E. 18. IV. FARM animal FACILITIES AND V. LABORATORY animal A. 20. B. GENERAL PRACTICES .. 20. 1. 20. 2. 20. 3. Holding (Maintenance).. 20. 4. Identification and 21. C. care OF THE animal .. 21. 1. 21. 2. 21. 3. 21. D. care OF THE FACILITY .. 22. 1. Cleaning and 22. 2. Waste 22. 3. Vermin 22. 4. Holiday and Emergency 22. VI. SOCIAL AND BEHAVIOURAL REQUIREMENTS OF. Experimental 23. A. 23. 1. What is animal Well-being or Welfare?.. 23. 2. Environmental 24. 3. Group 24. 4. Position 25. B. ANIMALS USED IN AGRICULTURAL 26. C. ANIMALS (LARGE) HELD IN METABOLISM 26. 1. 26. 2. Size of Metabolism 27.

4 3. Contact with Other 27. 4. Pre-, During and Post-Experiment 27. 5. Observing Changes in 27. 6. Duration of 27. 7. Exceptional 27. Guide to the care and Use of Experimental Animals, Volume 1, 2nd Edition ii Table of Contents D. 28. 1. 28. 2. Behavioural 29. 3. Social 29. 4. Enrichment Devices (Artificial Appliances).. 30. 5. Food Gathering 30. 6. Control of the 31. 7. 32. 8. Maternal 33. 9. Random-Source vs. Purpose-bred 33. E. 34. 1. 34. 2. Breed 34. 3. Criteria for Assessing 35. 4. 36. 5. Socialization to 37. 6. Enrichment Devices (Artificial Appliances).. 38. 7. 39. F. NONHUMAN PRIMATES .. 40. 1. 40. 2. Interpretation of the Behavioural and Morphological 41. 3. Distinctive 42. 4. Assessing Social and Behavioural 43. 5. Ways of Promoting Social and Behavioural 45. 6. 49.

5 7. 50. G. RODENTS AND RABBITS .. 50. 1. 50. 2. Behavioural Enrichment and Social 51. 3. Enrichment Devices (Artificial Appliances).. 52. 4. Caging and 53. 5. Food 54. 6. Control of the 54. H. WILDLIFE HELD IN THE 55. I. 56. VII. SPECIAL 82. A. animal 82. 1. 82. 2. 82. 3. 82. 4. Breeding Transgenic 82. Guide to the care and Use of Experimental Animals, Volume 1, 2nd Edition iii Table of Contents 5. animal Models with Special 83. 6. Identification of the 83. B. RESTRAINT AND MANIPULATIONS .. 83. 1. Physical 83. 2. Implantation, Cannulation and 84. 3. 84. 4. Motivation 85. C. 85. VIII. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND A. REGULATORY 92. B. BIOLOGICAL 93. C. 93. D. PROCEDURES FOR WORKING WITH NONHUMAN 94. E. 96. F. PHYSICAL INJURIES AND CHEMICAL 97. G. RADIATION AND ULTRAVIOLET 97. H. 98.

6 IX. STANDARDS FOR Experimental animal A. 101. B. FACILITIES FOR SURVIVAL 101. C. PRE-OPERATIVE PLANNING AND animal 102. D. SURGICAL PROCEDURES AND INTRA-OPERATIVE NURSING 103. E. POST-OPERATIVE RECOVERY AND 105. F. 107. X. CONTROL OF animal PAIN IN RESEARCH, TEACHING AND 109. A. 109. B. WHAT IS animal PAIN?.. 109. C. D. THE ROLE OF THE VETERINARIAN IN REDUCING 112. E. SIGNS OF PAIN AND 112. F. ANALGESIC 118. 1. Opioid 118. 2. Opioid 119. 3. Opioid 120. 4. Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS).. 120. 5. Analgesia provided by Local 121. 6. 121. G. AREAS FOR FUTURE 121. H. 123. Guide to the care and Use of Experimental Animals, Volume 1, 2nd Edition iv Table of Contents XI. A. MANAGEMENT OF 129. 1. 129. 2. Handling the 129. 3. 130. 4. 130. B. TRANQUILLIZERS AND 130. C.

7 GENERAL ANESTHETICS .. 131. 1. Dissociative 131. 2. 132. 3. 133. 4. Urethane (Urethan, Ethyl Carbamate).. 133. 5. 133. 6. Tribomoethanol (Avertin).. 133. 7. Non-specific Injectable Anesthetic 134. 8. Inhalant 134. D. MUSCLE 136. 1. Glyceryl 136. 2. Neuromuscular Blocking 136. E. LOCAL AND REGIONAL 136. F. animal HYPNOSIS (Tonic Immobility).. 137. G. SPECIES 137. H. 141. XII. F. SPECIFIC 146. G. TISSUE EFFECTS OF EUTHANASIA 146. H. EFFECT ON 146. I. EUTHANASIA STATEMENTS OTHER 147. XIII. THE USE OF ANIMALS IN A. THE 152. B. 153. C. 155. D. 157. XIV. GUIDELINES ON THE USE OF ANIMALS IN. NEUROBIOLOGICAL A. 159. B. FACTORS THAT RELATE TO THE DESIGN OF 159. C. FACTORS THAT RELATE TO THE CONDUCT OF 160. Guide to the care and Use of Experimental Animals, Volume 1, 2nd Edition v Table of Contents APPENDICES.

8 Appendix I Housing and 162. Appendix II Breeding and Reproduction 164. Appendix III Physiological and Nutritional 166. Appendix IV 168. Appendix V Clinical Biochemistry Reference 170. Appendix VI Serum Electrolyte Reference 172. Appendix VII Zoonoses: Experimental Animals to 174. Appendix VIII Common Bleeding 178. Appendix IX Tranquilizer, Sedative and Anticholinergic Drug 181. Appendix X Analgesic Drug 182. Appendix XI Injectable Anesthetic Agents: 184. Appendix XII Anesthetic and Sedative Drug Dosage: Amphibians and 185. Appendix XIII Anesthetic and Sedative Drug Dosage: 187. Appendix XIV Methods of Euthanasia by 188. Appendix XV CCAC Position 189. Appendix XVI Journals Held by 192. Appendix XVII 193. Guide to the care and Use of Experimental Animals, Volume 1, 2nd Edition vi Dedication DEDICATION.

9 The canadian council on animal care dedicates this 2nd Edition of Volume 1 of its Guide to the care and Use of Experimental Animals to CCAC's founder and Executive Director until his retirement in 1992, Dr. Harry C. Rowsell. His vision and devotion to the cause of Experimental animal welfare have set an example which many seek to emulate, but few achieve. Guide to the care and Use of Experimental Animals, Volume 1, 2nd Edition 1. Preface Guide to the care and Use of Experimental Animals Volume 1, 2nd Edition PREFACE. In 1961, the Committee on animal care of the canadian Federation of Biological Societies (CFBS) prepared a one-page placard outlining Guiding Principles for the care of Experimental Animals . These principles were quickly approved by most national scientific associations and, despite their brevity, addressed essen- tially the same basic principles of animal care embodied in this 2nd Edition of Volume 1 of the canadian council on animal care (CCAC) Guide to the care and Use of Experimental Animals.

10 The hundreds of pages of information contained in the current two volumes of the Guide represent steps in the evolution of efforts by the CCAC to provide the means by which the use of animals in research, teaching and testing in Canada can be performed in accord with basic principles of humane treatment. The CCAC is deeply indebted to the many veterinarians, animal care employees, humane society members, administrators, scientists, and others who have willingly contributed time and expertise to its programs and projects. This edition of Volume 1 of the Guide is only one example of the many CCAC directed activities that owe their existence and success to the tremendous generosity and good will of these Canadians. Their broad participation in animal welfare is one of the most important, and least-recognized, merits of the non- legislated, participatory, peer review system employed in Canada.