Guide to the Use of Tables and Formulas in Machinery’s ...

1 Guide to the Use of Tables and Formulas inMachinery s Handbook27th EditionBY JOHN M. AMISS, FRANKLIN D. JONES, AND HENRY H. RYFFELCHRISTOPHER J. MCCAULEY, EDITORRICCARDO HEALD, ASSOCIATE EDITORMUHAMMED IQBAL HUSSAIN, ASSOCIATE EDITOR2004 INDUSTRIAL PRESS YORKG uide to Machinery's Handbook 27th EditionCopyright 2004, Industrial Press, Inc., New York, NYCOPYRIGHT 1931, 1939, 1951, 1954, 1959, 1964, 1968, 1971, 1975, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004 by IndustrialPress Inc., New York, of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Amiss, John Milton, 1887-1968 Guide to the use of Tables and Formulas in Machinery s Handbook, 27th editionby John M. Amiss, Franklin D. Jones, and Henry H. Ryffel; Christopher J. McCau-ley, editor; Riccardo Heald, associate editor; Muhammed Iqbal Hussain, associateeditor.

2 264 p. title: Machinery s handbook 27th title: Machinery s handbook twenty seventh book should be used in conjunction with the twenty-seventh edition ofMachinery s 0-8311-2799-6 ISBN 0-8311-2788-0 (electronic edition with math)1. Mechanical engineering Handbook, manuals, etc. I. Title: Machinery shandbook 27 Guide . II. Machinery s handbook twenty seventh Guide . III Jones,Franklin Day, 1879-1967 IV. Ryffel, Henry H. I920- V. McCauley, Christopher Heald, Riccardo VII. Hussain, Muhammed Iqbal VIII. Machinery s Hand-book. 27th edition. IX. Title. '0212 dc 2100-038881 INDUSTRIAL PRESS, Madison AvenueNew York, New York 10016-4078 MACHINERY'S HANDBOOK Guide 27th Edition First Printing Printed and bound in the United States of America by National Publishing Company, Philadelphia, rights reserved.

3 This book or parts thereof may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form without permission of the to Machinery's Handbook 27th EditionCopyright 2004, Industrial Press, Inc., New York, NYviiTHE PURPOSE OF THIS BOOKAn engineering handbook is an essential part of the equipmentof practically all engineers, machine designers, draftsmen, toolengineers and skilled mechanics in machine shops and daily use of such a book, with its various Tables and generaldata, saves a lot of time and labor. To obtain the full value of anyhandbook, however, the user must know enough about the contentsto apply the Tables , Formulas , and other data, whenever they can beused to purpose of this Guide , which is based on MACHINERY SHANDBOOK, is to show by examples, solutions, and test questionstypical applications of handbook information in both draftingrooms and machine shops.

4 Another function is to familiarize engi-neering students or other users with the HANDBOOK S contents. Athird objective is to provide test questions and drill work that willenable the HANDBOOK user, through practice, to obtain therequired information quickly and S HANDBOOK, as with all other handbooks, pre-sents information in condensed form so that a large variety of sub-jects can be covered in a single volume. Because of this condensedtreatment, any engineering handbook must be primarily a work ofreference rather than a textbook, and the practical application ofsome parts will not always be apparent, especially to those whohave had little experience in engineering work. The questions andexamples in this book are intended not only to supplement some ofthe HANDBOOK material, but also to stimulate interest both in thoseparts that are used frequently and in the more special sections thatmay be very valuable even though seldom to Machinery's Handbook 27th EditionCopyright 2004, Industrial Press, Inc.

5 , New York, NYviiiTHE METRIC SYSTEMMACHINERY S HANDBOOK contains a considerable amount ofmetric material in terms of texts, Tables , and Formulas . This mate-rial is included because much of the world now uses the metricsystem, also known as the Syst me International (SI), and themovement in that direction continues in all countries that intend tocompete in the international marketplace, including the explanation of the SI metric system is found on Handbookpages 142 to 144 and 2544 to 2548. A brief history is given of thedevelopment of this system, and a description is provided for eachof its seven basic units. Factors and prefixes for forming decimalmultiples and submultiples of the SI units also are shown. Anothertable lists SI units with complex names and provides symbols of SI units and conversion factors appear on pages 2549through 2587.

6 Factors are provided for converting English units tometric units, or vice versa, and cover units of length, area, volume(including capacity), velocity, acceleration, flow, mass, density,force, force per unit length, bending moment or torque, moment ofinertia, section modulus, momentum, pressure, stress, energy,work, power, and viscosity. By using the factors in these Tables , itis a simple matter of multiplication to convert from one system ofunits to the other. Where the conversion factors are exact, they aregiven to only 3 or 4 significant figures, but where they are notexact they are given to 7 significant figures to permit the maximumdegree of accuracy to be obtained that is ordinarily required in themetalworking avoid the need to use some of the conversion factors, variousconversion Tables are given on pages 2550 through 2579.

7 Thetables for length conversion on pages 2550 to 2562 will probablybe the most frequently used. Two different types of Tables areshown. The two Tables on page 2553 facilitate converting lengthsGuide to Machinery's Handbook 27th EditionCopyright 2004, Industrial Press, Inc., New York, NYixup to 100 inches into millimeters, in steps of one ten-thousandth ofan inch; and up to 1000 millimeters to inches, in steps of a thou-sandth of a table starting on page 2554 enables converting fractionsand mixed number lengths up to 41 inches into millimeters, insteps of one sixty-fourth of an make possible such a wide range in a compact table, thereader often must take two or more numbers from the table and addthem together, as is explained in the accompanying text. The tablesstarting on page 2556 and 2558 have a much more limited range ofconversion for inches to millimeters and millimeters to , these table have the advantage of being direct-reading;that is, only a single value is taken from the table, and no additionis those who are engaged in design work where it is necessaryto do computations in the fields of mechanics and strength of mate-rials, a considerable amount of guidance will be found for the useof metric units.

8 Thus, beginning on Handbook page 141, the use ofthe metric SI system in mechanics calculations is explained indetail. In succeeding pages, boldface type is used to highlight ref-erences to metric units in the combined Mechanics and Strength ofMaterials section. Metric Formulas are provided also, to parallelthe Formulas for English another example, on page 213, it is explained in boldfacetype that SI metric units can be applied in the calculations in placeof the English units of measurement without changes to the formu-las for simple reader also should be aware that certain Tables in the Hand-book, such as that on page 71, which gives values for segments ofcircles for a radius = 1, can be used for either English or metricunits, as is indicated directly under the table heading. There areother instances, however, where separate Tables are needed, suchas are shown on pages 1018 to 1021 for the conversion of revolu-tions per minute, into cutting speed in feet per minute on pages1018 and 1019, and into cutting speed in meters per minute onpages 1020 and to Machinery's Handbook 27th EditionCopyright 2004, Industrial Press, Inc.

9 , New York, NYxThe metric material in the Handbook will provide considerableuseful data and assistance to engineers and technicians who arerequired to use metric units of measurements. It is strongly sug-gested that all readers, whether or not they are using metric units atthe present time, become familiar with the SI System by readingthe explanatory material in the Handbook and by studying the SIunits and the ways of converting English units to to Machinery's Handbook 27th EditionCopyright 2004, Industrial Press, Inc., New York, NYviThe Purpose Of This BookviiThe Metric Systemviii1 Dimensions And Areas Of Circles12 chordal Dimensions, Segments, And Spheres43 Formulas And Their Rearrangement84 Spreadsheet Calculations225 Calculations Involving Logarithms Of Numbers326 Dimensions, Areas, And Volumes Of Geometrical Figures427 Geometrical Propositions And Constructions468 Functions Of Angles509 Solution Of Right-angle Triangles5810 Solution of Oblique Triangles7811 Figuring Tapers8812 Tolerances And Allowances For Machine Parts9413 Using Standards Data And Information10814 Standard Screw And Pipe Threads11315 Problems In Mechanics12216 Strength Of Materials13817 Design Of Shafts And Keys For Power Transmission15018 Splines15919 Problems In Designing And Cutting Gears16920 Cutting Speeds, Feeds.

10 And Machining Power19621 Numerical Control20522 General Review Questions21223 Answers To Practice Exercises221 INDEX254 SECTIONPAGECONTENTS Guide to Machinery's Handbook 27th EditionCopyright 2004, Industrial Press, Inc., New York, NYMachinery's Handbook Guide 27th Edition1 SECTION 1 DIMENSIONS AND AREAS OF CIRCLESHANDBOOK Pages 66 and 76 Circumferences of circles are used in calculating speeds ofrotating machine parts, including drills, reamers, milling cutters,grinding wheels, gears, and pulleys. These speeds are variouslyreferred to as surface speed, circumferential speed, and peripheralspeed; meaning for each, the distance that a point on the surface orcircumference would travel in one minute. This distance usually isexpressed as feet per minute. Circumferences are also required incalculating the circular pitch of gears, laying out involute curves,finding the lengths of arcs, and in solving many geometrical prob-lems.