Guided Reading and Study Workbook - Science With Ms. …

1 Mississippi Science Grade 8 Guided Reading and Study Workbook Prentice Hall Science explorer Answer Key000200010270667947_CH00_FM_pi-iv 3/7/11 11:30 AM Page ii000200010270667949_CH00_FM_pi-v 2/8/11 3:21 PM Page iMississippi scienceGrade 8 Prentice Hall Science explorer Taken from:All-in-One Teaching Resources, Prentice Hall Science Explorer: Human Biology and Health All-in-One Teaching Resources, Prentice Hall Science Explorer: Inside EarthAll-in-One Teaching Resources, Prentice Hall Science Explorer: Weather and ClimateAll-in-One Teaching Resources, Prentice Hall Science Explorer: Environmental ScienceAll-in-One Teaching Resources, Prentice Hall Science Explorer: Cells and HeredityAll-in-One Teaching Resources, Prentice Hall Science Explorer: From Bacteria to PlantsAll-in-One Teaching Resources, Prentice Hall Science Explorer: Chemical Building BlocksAll-in-One Teaching Resources, Prentice Hall Science Explorer: Sound and LightAll-in-One Teaching Resources, Prentice Hall Science Explorer: The Nature of Science and TechnologyAll-in-One Teaching Resources, Prentice Hall Science Explorer: AstronomyAll-in-One Teaching Resources, Prentice Hall Science Explorer: Motion, Forces, and EnergyGuided Reading and Study Workbook Answer KeyCover photographs courtesy of from:All-in-One Teaching Resources, Prentice Hall Science ExplorerCopyright 2005 by Pearson Education, by Prentice HallBoston, Massachusetts 02116 All rights reserved.

2 No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission inwriting from the special edition published in cooperation with Pearson Learning trademarks, service marks, registered trademarks, and registered service marks are the property of their respectiveowners and are used herein for identification purposes Learning Solutions, 501 Boylston Street, Suite 900, Boston, MA 02116A Pearson Education 10: 0-558-81651-7 ISBN 13: 978-0-558-81651-3000200010270667949_CH00 _FM_pi-iv 3/7/11 11:32 AM Page iiContentsTechnology and Engineering .. 1 CUnit 1 Physical ScienceElements and the Periodic Table .. 5 CMotion .. 8 CThe Electromagnetic Spectrum .. 10 CUnit 2 Life ScienceViruses and Bacteria .. 15 CProtists and Fungi .. 17 CGenetics: The Science of Heredity .. 19 CChanges Over Time .. 21 CBones, Muscles, and Skin .. 23 CFood and Digestion .. 26 CCirculation .. 28 CRespiration and Excretion .. 30 CThe Nervous System .. 32 CUnit 3 Earth ScienceEarthquakes.

3 37 CVolcanoes .. 40 CThe Atmosphere .. 43 CWeather Factors .. 45 CWeather Patterns .. 47 CLand, Water, and Air Resources .. 49 CEnergy Resources .. 52 CStars, Galaxies, and the Universe .. 54 C Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights 2/17/11 9:13 AM Page iii Technology and Engineering taken from All-in-One Teaching Resources, Prentice HallScience Explorer: The Nature of Science and Technology Elements and the Periodic Table taken from All-in-One Teaching Resources, PrenticeHall Science Explorer: Chemical Building Blocks Motion taken from All-in-One Teaching Resources, Prentice Hall Science Explorer:Motion, Forces, and Energy The Electromagnetic Spectrum taken from All-in-One Teaching Resources, PrenticeHall Science Explorer: Sound and Light Viruses and Bacteria and Protists and Fungi taken from All-in-One TeachingResources, Prentice Hall Science Explorer: From Bacteria to Plants Genetics: The Science of Heredity and Changes Over Time taken from All-in-OneTeaching Resources, Prentice Hall Science Explorer.

4 Cells and Heredity Bones, Muscles, and Skin, Food and Digestion, Circulation, Respiration andExcretion, and The Nervous System taken from All-in-One Teaching Resources,Prentice Hall Science Explorer: Human Biology and Health Earthquakes and Volcanoes taken from All-in-One Teaching Resources, PrenticeHall Science Explorer: Inside Earth The Atmosphere, Weather Factors, and Weather Patterns taken from All-in-OneTeaching Resources, Prentice Hall Science Explorer: Weather and Climate Land, Water, and Air Resources and Energy Resources taken from All-in-OneTeaching Resources, Prentice Hall Science Explorer: Environmental Science Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe taken from All-in-One Teaching Resources, PrenticeHall Science Explorer: Astronomy Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights 2/23/11 12:33 PM Page ivANSWER KEYT echnology and EngineeringUnderstanding Technology Guided Reading and Study Use Target Reading SkillsSample answers:Q. What does technology have to do with sci-ence?

5 A. Advances in technology contribute to advances in How does Science affect technology?A. Advances in Science contribute to advances in is how people change the world around them to meet their needs or to solve practical , b, improve the way people technology; technology; and chemical technology; and power technology; technology; House or apart-ment technology; Car or is the Study of the natural world to understand how it functions, while technology modifies the natural world to meet human , , technology in use at the present technology that is old but still in are made of parts that work , inputs, processes, outputs, that is put into a system in order to reach a a system uses to monitor the input, process, and output so that the system can adjust itself to meet the include turning on the gas, setting the temperature, and putting in food to cook. Outputs include heat being released and cooked Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Technology Design Skills Guided Reading and Study Use Target Reading SkillsIdentify the the a a and the , b, clearly define the problem they are try-ing to gather information that will help them in their books, articles b.

6 Conferences c. experi-ments d. solution stage involves coming up with ideas, or thinking about different ways to solve a problem. Engineers weigh many possible solutions and choose the best , trade-off is strength for working model used to test a , c, address any problems with the , c, legal document issued by a government that gives the inventor exclusive rights to make, use, or sell the invention for a limited Technology and Society Guided Reading and Study Use Target Reading SkillSample answer:Cause Invention of steam-powered loomsEffects Positive effect: greater productionNegative effect: loss of jobs1 CtANSWER KEYT echnology and Engineering Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights Pesticide applicationEffects Positive effect: protects cropsNegative effect: harmful to plants and animalsCause Invention of tractorsEffects Positive effect: can plow more landNegative effect: loss of farm jobsCause Invention of computers, electronic equip-ment, and powerful machineryEffects Positive effect: workers can do moreNegative effect: quickens pace of group of people who live together in an area, large or small, and have certain things in common, such as a form of of the Iron Age enabled farmers to grow more food.

7 As food supplies increased, many people moved to towns and , advances have made farm land using a tractor. Bad impacts include the expense of farm equipment, which some farm-ers cannot filling with gases b. saving lives c. causing , c, must analyze its possible risks and ; risks include head injury; the benefits include comfortable to wear, good , b, value may favor a technology, while another value cautions against : technologyPearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. jobs easier. For example farmers can plow more2 CUNIT1 Physical Science ANSWER KEY Elements and the Periodic Table Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Introduction to Atoms Guided Reading and Study Use Target Reading Skills Sample questions and answers: Q. What particles are in the center of an atom? A. Protons and neutrons. Q. What particles move around the outside of the nucleus? A. Electrons. 1. false 2.

8 A. nucleus b. neutron c. proton d. electron 3. The number of protons in an atom equals the number of electrons. The positive charge from the protons balances the negative charge from the electrons, making the atom neutral. 4. true 5. protons and neutrons 6. protons 7. The atomic number is the number of pro-tons in the nucleus. 8. Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but with different number of neu-trons. 9. Student diagrams should indicate any two of the following: An isotope of carbon with a mass number of 12 has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. An isotope of carbon with a mass number of 13 has 6 protons, 7 neutrons, and 6 electrons. An isotope of carbon with a mass number of 14 has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. 10. a, b, c, d 11. Sample answer: Scientists use models to describe atoms because they are so small. Mod-els of atoms are also used to explain how matter behaves. Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

9 Organizing the Elements Guided Reading and StudyUse Target Reading SkillsSample questions and answers:Q. What pattern of elements did Mendeleev discover?A. Patterns appeared when the elements were arranged in order of increasing atomic What data about elements is found in the periodic table?A. Atomic number, chemical symbols and names, and average atomic How are elements organized in the periodic table?A. Elements are organized in periods and groups based on their recognized a set of patterns that applied to all atomic mass of an element is the aver-age mass of all the isotopes of that appeared when he arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic a regular, repeated calcium atom has 20 protons and 20 Tinb. Snc. properties of an element can be predi-cated from its location in the periodic , Guided Reading and StudyUse Target Reading SkillsSample answers: What You Know 1. Metals are Metals are Metals are Metals Jewelry is made from you Learned1.

10 Ductile metals can be pulled into a Alkali metals react by losing one Gold is a transition C ANSWER KEY Elements and the Periodic Table Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. 4. Many lanthanides are used in alloys. 5. New elements are made in particle accelera-tors. 1. properties 2. c 3. d 4. c 5. b 6. a 7. magnetic 8. true 9. corrosion 10. The reactivity of metals tends to decrease as you move from left to right across the peri-odic table 11. a, b 12. sodium and potassium 13. a, b, c 14. magnesium and calcium 15. a, b, c 16. true 17. false 18. They are placed below the periodic table. 19. alloys 20. They are located below the lanthanides 21. 22. a. Alkali b. Alkaline c. Transitiond. are synthesized when nuclear parti-cles are forced to crash into one Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. uraniumNonmetals and Metalloids Guided Reading and StudyUse Target Reading SkillsSample answers: What You Know 1.