Guideline for infection control in health care personnel, 1998

1 SPECIAL ARTICLE. Guideline for infection control in health care personnel, 1998. Elizabeth A. Bolyard, RN, MPH,a Ofelia C. Tablan, MD,a Walter W. Williams, MD,b Michele L. Pearson, MD,a Craig N. Shapiro, MD,a Scott D. Deitchman, MD,c and The Hospital infection control Practices Advisory Committee centers for disease control and prevention Montefiore Medical center Public health Service Bronx, New York Department of health and Human Services Mary J. Gilchrist, PhD. Hospital infection control Practices Advisory Committee University of Iowa Membership List, June 1997 Iowa City, Iowa Chairman Elaine L.

2 Larson, RN, PhD. Walter J. Hierholzer, Jr., MD Georgetown University Yale-New Haven Hospital Washington, New Haven, Connecticut James T. Lee, MD, PhD. Executive Secretary University of Minnesota Michele L. Pearson, MD. VA Medical center centers for disease control and prevention St. Paul, Minnesota Atlanta, Georgia Personnel health Guideline Sponsor Rita D. McCormick, RN. Susan W. Forlenza, MD University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics New York City Department of health Madison, Wisconsin New York, New York Ramon E. Moncada, MD.

3 Members Coronado Physician's Medical center Audrey B. Adams, RN, MPH Coronado, California Affiliations: National center for Infectious Diseases,a National Ronald L. Nichols, MD. Immunization Program,b National Institute of Occupational Safety and Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans, Louisiana Published simultaneously in AJIC: American Journal of infection control (1998;26:289-354) and infection control and Hospital Jane D. Siegel, MD. Epidemiology (1998;19:407-63) University of Texas Southwestern Medical center 17/52/88841 Dallas, Texas Table of Contents I.

4 infection control issues for health care personnel: An overview A. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 291. B. INTRODUCTION 292. C. infection control OBJECTIVES FOR A PERSONNEL health SERVICE 292. D. ELEMENTS OF A PERSONNEL health SERVICE FOR infection control 293. 1. Coordination with other departments 293. 2. Medical evaluations 293. 3. Personnel health and safety education 293. 4. Immunization programs 296. 5. Management of job-related illnesses and exposures 298. 6. health counseling 301. 7. Maintenance of records, data management, and confidentiality 301.

5 E. EPIDEMIOLOGY AND control OF SELECTED infections TRANSMITTED AMONG. health care PERSONNEL AND PATIENTS 302. 1. Bloodborne pathogens 302. 289. AJIC. 290 CDC Personnel health Guideline June 1998. a. Overview 302. b. Hepatitis B 302. c. Hepatitis C 304. d. Human immunodeficiency virus 305. 2. Conjunctivitis 305. 3. Cytomegalovirus 305. 4. Diphtheria 306. 5. Gastrointestinal infections , acute 307. 6. Hepatitis A 308. 7. Herpes simplex 309. 8. Measles 309. 9. Meningococcal disease 310. 10. Mumps 311. 11. Parvovirus 311. 12. Pertussis 312.

6 13. Poliomyelitis 313. 14. Rabies 313. 15. Rubella 314. 16. Scabies and pediculosis 315. 17. Staphylococcus aureus infection and carriage 316. 18. Streptococcus, group A infection 316. 19. Tuberculosis 316. 20. Vaccinia (smallpox) 320. 21. Varicella 320. 22. Viral respiratory infections 323. a. Influenza 323. b. Respiratory syncytial virus 323. c. Work restrictions 324. F. PREGNANT PERSONNEL 324. G. LABORATORY PERSONNEL 324. H. EMERGENCY-RESPONSE PERSONNEL 325. I. LATEX HYPERSENSITIVITY 325. J. THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT 327.

7 II. Recommendations for prevention of infections in health care personnel 328. A. INTRODUCTION 328. B. ELEMENTS OF A PERSONNEL health SERVICE FOR infection control 328. 1. Coordinated planning and administration 328. 2. Placement evaluation 328. 3. Personnel health and safety education 329. 4. Job-related illnesses and exposures 329. 5. Record keeping, data management, and confidentiality 329. C. PROTECTION OF PERSONNEL AND OTHER PATIENTS FROM PATIENTS WITH infections 330. D. IMMUNIZATION OF health care PERSONNEL, GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS 330.

8 E. PROPHYLAXIS AND FOLLOW-UP AFTER EXPOSURE, GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS 330. F. PERSONNEL RESTRICTION BECAUSE OF INFECTIOUS ILLNESSES OR SPECIAL 330. CONDITIONS, GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS. G. prevention OF NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION OF SELECTED infections 330. 1. Bloodborne pathogens, general recommendation 330. a. Hepatitis B 331. b. Hepatitis C 331. c. Human immunodeficiency virus 331. 2. Conjunctivitis 331. 3. Cytomegalovirus 331. 4. Diphtheria 331. AJIC. Volume 26, Number 3 CDC Personnel health Guideline 291. 5. Gastroenteritis 332. 6.

9 Hepatitis A 332. 7. Herpes simplex 332. 8. Measles 332. 9. Meningococcal disease 333. 10. Mumps 333. 11. Parvovirus 333. 12. Pertussis 333. 13. Poliomyelitis 333. 14. Rabies 334. 15. Rubella 334. 16. Scabies and pediculosis 334. 17. Staphylococcal infection or carriage 334. 18. Group A Streptococcus infections 334. 19. Tuberculosis 335. 20. Vaccinia 337. 21. Varicella 337. 22. Viral respiratory infections 337. H. SPECIAL ISSUES 338. 1. Pregnancy 338. 2. Emergency-response employees 338. 3. Personnel linked to outbreaks of bacterial infection 338.

10 4. Latex hypersensitivity 338. References 339. Table 1. Immunobiologics and schedules for health care personnel 294. Table 2. Summary of ACIP recommendations on immunization of health care workers with special conditions 298. Table 3. Summary of suggested work restrictions for health care personnel exposed to or infected with infectious diseases of importance in health care settings, in the absence of state and local regulations 299. Table 4. Recommendation for postexposure prophylaxis for percutaneous or permucosal exposure to hepatitis B virus, United States 303.