Guidelines for preventive activities in general practice

1 Guidelines for preventive activities in general practice 9th 25 years of preventive health adviceGuidelines for preventive activities in general practice , 9th editionDisclaimerThe information set out in this publication is current at the date of first publication and is intended for use as a guide of a general nature only and may or may not be relevant to particular patients or circumstances. Nor is this publication exhaustive of the subject matter. Persons implementing any recommendations contained in this publication must exercise their own independent skill or judgement or seek appropriate professional advice relevant to their own particular circumstances when so doing. Compliance with any recommendations cannot of itself guarantee discharge of the duty of care owed to patients and others coming into contact with the health professional and the premises from which the health professional the text is directed to health professionals possessing appropriate qualifications and skills in ascertaining and discharging their professional (including legal) duties, it is not to be regarded as clinical advice and, in particular, is no substitute for a full examination and consideration of medical history in reaching a diagnosis and treatment based on accepted clinical , The Royal Australian College of general Practitioners (RACGP) and its employees and agents shall have no liability (including without limitation liability by reason of negligence) to any users of the information contained in this publication for any loss or damage (consequential or otherwise)

2 , cost or expense incurred or arising by reason of any person using or relying on the information contained in this publication and whether caused by reason of any error, negligent act, omission or misrepresentation in the citationThe Royal Australian College of general Practitioners. Guidelines for preventive activities in general practice . 9th edn. East Melbourne, Vic: RACGP, Royal Australian College of general Practitioners 100 Wellington Parade East Melbourne, Victoria 3002 AustraliaTel 03 8699 0414 Fax 03 8699 0400 : 978-0-86906-451-1 (Print) ISBN: 978-0-86906-452-8 (Web)First edition published 1989 Second edition published 1993 Third edition published 1994 Fourth edition published 1996 Fifth edition published 2001 Fifth edition (updated) published 2002 Sixth edition published 2005 Seventh edition published 2009 Eighth edition published 2012 Ninth edition published 2016 Cover image istockphoto/skodonnell The Royal Australian College of general Practitioners, recognise the traditional custodians of the land and sea on which we work and for preventive activities in general practice 9th editioniGuidelines for preventive activities in general practice9th editioniAcknowledgementsThe Royal Australian College of general Practitioners (RACGP) gratefully acknowledges the generous contribution of the following authors, contributors and reviewers of the Guidelines for preventive activities in general practice (Red Book)

3 , 9th Book Editorial Committee Professor Nicholas Zwar Chair, Red Book Editorial Committee School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South WalesDr Evan Ackermann Chair, RACGP Expert Committee Quality CareProfessor Mark Harris Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales RACGP Expert Committee Quality CareDr Meredith Arcus Deputy Executive Director, Medical Services, Sir Charles Gairdner and Osborne Park Health Care Group, Western AustraliaAssociate Professor Pauline Chiarelli School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, New South WalesProfessor Chris Del Mar Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, QueenslandProfessor Jon Emery Department of general practice , University of Melbourne, VictoriaAssociate Professor Michael Fasher Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Sydney, New South Wales; and Conjoint Associate Professor, University of Western Sydney, New South WalesAssociate Professor John Furler Department of general practice , University of Melbourne, VictoriaDr Caroline Johnson Department of general practice , University of Melbourne, Victoria RACGP Expert Committee Quality CareProfessor Claire Jackson Director, Centres for Primary Care Reform Research Excellence Professor in Primary Care Research, Chair, Metro North Primary Health Network Past President, The Royal Australian College of general Practitioners (2010 12)

4 Associate Professor John Litt Department of general practice , Flinders University, South Australia Deputy Chair, RACGP Expert Committee Quality CareProfessor Danielle Mazza Department of general practice , School of Primary Care, Monash University, Victoria RACGP Expert Committee Quality CareProfessor Dimity Pond Professor of general practice , School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South WalesAssociate Professor Jane Smith Head of general practice Discipline, Faculty of Health Science and Medicine, Bond University, QueenslandProfessor Nigel Stocks Head of Discipline general practice , University of Adelaide, AdelaideDr Christine Walker Executive Officer, Chronic Illness AllianceProfessor Tania Winzenberg Chair, RACGP Expert Committee Research Professor of Chronic Disease Management, Menzies Institute for Medical Research and Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Tasmania iiGuidelines for preventive activities in general practice9th editionConflicts of interestThis publication has been produced in accordance with the rules and processes outlined in the RACGP Conflict of Interest (COI) Policy.

5 The RACGP COI Policy is available at Professor Lena Sanci Department of general practice , University of Melbourne, VictoriaProfessor Lindy Clemson Professor in Ageing and Occupational Therapy, University of Sydney, New South WalesDr Magdalena Simonis RACGP Expert Committee Quality CareReviewersWe gratefully acknowledge the expert reviewers and representatives from the organisations who contributed scholarly of RACGP Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander HealthAssociate Professor Anne Abbott School of Public Health and preventive Medicine, Monash University, VictoriaDr Stuart Aitken Gold Coast Sexual Health Clinic, QueenslandProfessor Craig Anderson George Institute for Global Health, New South WalesAssociate Professor Nick Antic Clinical Director of the Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health President Australasian Sleep Association, South AustraliaProfessor Kaarin Anstey ANU College of Medicine, Biology & Environment, Australian Capital TerritoryAssociate Professor Kristine Barlow-Stewart Genetic Medicine, Northern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, New South WalesProfessor Adrian Bauman School of Public Health, University of Sydney, New South WalesDr Glenise Berry Australian & New Zealand Society for Geriatric Medicine, New South WalesAssociate Professor Mark Bolland School of Medicine, University of Auckland, New ZealandDr Chris Bourne Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Sydney Hospital, New South WalesProfessor Hanny Calache Centre for Population Health Research, Deakin University, VictoriaProfessor Henry Brodaty Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, University of New South Wales and Prince of Wales Hospital, New South WalesProfessor Ian Caterson Boden Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, New South WalesProfessor Derek Chew Professor of Cardiology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre.

6 South AustraliaProfessor Rufus Clarke Faculty of Public Health Medicine, Royal Australasian College of Physicians, New South WalesProfessor Jacqueline Close Consultant Geriatrician, Prince of Wales Hospital, Director, Falls and Injury Prevention Group, NeuRA, University of New South Wales, New South WalesProfessor Stephen Colagiuri Director, Boden Institute, University of Sydney, New South WalesDr Gary Deed Chair, RACGP Specific Interests Diabetes NetworkDr Joanne Dixon National Clinical Director, Clinical Leader Genetic Services, Genetic Health Service New ZealandiiiGuidelines for preventive activities in general practice9th editionProfessor Jenny Doust Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, QueenslandProfessor Peter Ebeling Head of the Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, VictoriaAssociate Professor Matt Edwards Department of Paediatrics, University of Western Sydney, New South WalesProfessor John Eisman Director of Clinical Translation and Advanced Education, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South WalesDr Ben Ewald Senior Lecturer in Epidemiology and general Practitioner, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Newcastle, New South WalesProfessor Kwun Fong Prince Charles Hospital, Department of Thoracic Medicine, QueenslandProfessor Peter Frith Respiratory Medicine, Flinders University, South AustraliaClinical Professor Jack Goldblatt School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Western AustraliaProfessor Jonathon Golledge Head of the Vascular Biology Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, QueenslandProfessor Paul Glasziou Professor of Evidence-Based Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, QueenslandAssociate Professor Jane Halliday Public Health Genetics.

7 Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, VictoriaDr James Harvey Council member of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, South AustraliaAssociate Professor Kelsey Hegarty Department of general practice , University of Melbourne, VictoriaMs Cristy Henderson Assistant Director, Bowel Screening Section, Cancer and Palliative Care Branch, Population Health & Sport Division, Department of HealthDr Elizabeth Hindmarsh general Practitioner, New South WalesAssociate Professor Warrick Inder Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, QueenslandProfessor Stephen Lord Senior Principal Research Fellow, Neuroscience Research Australia, New South WalesProfessor Finlay Macrae Head, Colorectal Medicine and Genetics, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VictoriaDr Catherine Mandel MRI Radiologist, Swinburne University of Technology Honorary Senior Fellow, Department of Radiology, University of Melbourne, VictoriaProfessor Rebecca Mason Professor of Endocrine Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South WalesClinical Professor Richard Mendelson Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Western AustraliaProfessor Sylvia Metcalfe Genetics Education & Health Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, VictoriaDr Mark Morgan general Practitioner, South Australia Senior Lecturer, Discipline of general practice , University of Adelaide, South AustraliaProfessor Paul Norman Winthrop Professor of Vascular Surgery, University of Western Australia, Western AustraliaProfessor Mark Nelson Chair, Discipline of general practice , University of Tasmania, Tasmania Professional Research Fellow, Menzies Research Institute.

8 University of Tasmania, TasmaniaMark Nevin Senior Executive Officer, Faculty of Clinical Radiology, Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists, New South WalesProfessor Doug McEvoy Senior Director, Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health; Staff Consultant in Sleep and Respiratory Medicine at Repatriation general Hospital and Flinders Medical Centre, South AustraliaDr Nicki Murdoch President, Paediatrics & Child Division, Royal Australasian College of Physicians, New South WalesProfessor Frank Oberklaid Director, Centre for Community Child Health, Royal Children s Hospital, VictoriaivGuidelines for preventive activities in general practice9th editionDr Jan Orman GP Services Consultant, Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, New South WalesProfessor Kelly Phillips Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, VictoriaProfessor Matthew Peters Head of Respiratory Medicine, Concord Hospital, New South WalesProfessor Ian Reid Deputy Dean, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New ZealandProfessor Ann Roche National Centre for Education and Training on Addiction, Flinders University.

9 South AustraliaProfessor John Saunders Consultant Physician in Internal Medicine and Addiction Medicine, New South WalesProfessor Virginia Schmied School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Western Sydney, New South WalesAssociate Professor Jonathan Shaw Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, VictoriaProfessor Maria Fiatarone Singh Chair of Exercise and Sport Science, Exercise, Health and Performance Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sydney Medical School, New South WalesAssociate Professor John Slavotinek Gastroenterologist Honorary Senior Associate, Cancer Council Victoria, VictoriaProfessor Denis Spelman Deputy Director, Clinical Infectious Diseases Unit and Head, Microbiology Department, Monash University, VictoriaProfessor James St John Gastroenterologist Honorary Senior Associate, Cancer Council Victoria, VictoriaDr Michael Tam Staff Specialist, general practice , University of New South Wales, New South WalesDr Wendy Tsui RACGP Fellow, Family & Sports Medicine Centre, New South WalesDr Angela Taft Professor and Director, Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, VictoriaDr Brendan White Australian Dental Association (NSW Branch), New South WalesClinical Associate Professor Liz Wylie Medicine and Pharmacology Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Western AustraliaProfessor Graeme Young Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, South AustraliaProfessor Helen Zorbas Chief Executive Officer, Cancer Australia, New South WalesAustralian & New Zealand Society for Geriatric Medicine Council Australasian Sleep AssociationAustralian Diabetes SocietyAustralian Dental AssociationCancer and Palliative Care Branch, Population Health & Sport Division, Department of HealthCancer AustraliaCancer Counci