Transcription of 情報源符号化部 H.264 | MPEG-4 AVC 規格の概要
1 | MPEG-4 AVC .. 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 5. 5. 6. 4. 7. 7. 8. 8. 9. 10. 11. 5. 11. 11. 13. 6. 14. 7. 15. 15. 16. 17. 8. 18. 19. 20. 21. 1.. | MPEG-4 AVC mpeg -2 Video MPEG-4 Visual .. ITU-T International Telecommunications Union . Telecommunication Standardization Sector . VCEG Video Coding Experts Group . ISO/IEC International Organization for Standardization . International Electrotechnical Commission mpeg . Moving Picture Experts Group . 2001 12 JVT Joint Video Team .. 1990 ITU-T. MPEG-4 AVC ISO IEC. JTC1 Joint Technical Committee 1 . mpeg . mpeg MPEG-4 Visual . AVC Advanced Video Coding ISO/IEC 14496-10 . MPEG-4 Part10 . mpeg MPEG-4 mpeg -2 . WWW World Wide Web . MPEG-4 . 1998 1999 2 . MPEG-4 . MPEG-4 . 1999 12 mpeg Call for Evidence . 2000 7 mpeg . 2001 7 . | MPEG-4 AVC . ITU-T . JVT 2003 . 2003 . 4:2:0 8 . 4:2:2 4:4:4 . 10 12 . HDTV DVD . 2003 3 mpeg . 4:2:0. 8 2004 7 . 1. Fidelity Range Extensions FRExt . Baseline Main Extended 3 . High High 10 High 4:2:2 High 4:4:4 4.
2 2.. 2-1 | MPEG-4 AVC . | MPEG-4 AVC . mpeg -2 .. 2-1 mpeg -2 .. | MPEG-4 AVC . mpeg -2 . 3 .. Integer Transform .. 8x8 4x4 . CAVLC . ( P, B ) .. CABAC.. ( ).. 16 1/4 . 2-1 | MPEG-4 AVC . - . mpeg -2 8 8 |. 2. MPEG-4 AVC 4 4 8 8 2 Integer Transform ( ) Integer Transform . 4 4 .. 8 8 Integer Transform High FRExt .. - . 16 16 8 8 . 4 4 7 16 16 .. | MPEG-4 AVC 16 . HDTV 4 . 4 .. 1/4 mpeg -2 1/2 .. - . | MPEG-4 AVC .. Integer Transform 4 4 9 8 8 . 9 16 16 4 8 8. Integer Transform High FRExt .. (Discrete Cosine Transform). mpeg -2 .. - . Baseline Extended VLC(Variable Length Coding ) . (Exponential Golomb Coding) . CAVLC(Context-based Adaptive Variable Length Coding) . mpeg -2 ( . ) . 3. Main High FRExt . VLC CAVLC CABAC. (Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding) .. - .. mpeg -2 . ( ) .. 2-1 mpeg -2 Main | MPEG-4 AVC High .. 2-1 mpeg -2 | MPEG-4 AVC . mpeg -2 | MPEG-4 AVC.. Main High . 4 4 9 . 8 8 9 .. 16 16 4 .. 16 16 16 8 . 16 16 7 .. 16 .. 1/4 . 1/2 . 4 4 8 8.
3 8 8 . Integer Transform . (CAVLC) .. (CABAC) .. 8x8 Main . 4 . CABAC Main FRE . mpeg -2 | MPEG-4 AVC .. | MPEG-4 AVC . z . / CABAC .. z . 4 4 Integer Transform . 4.. | MPEG-4 AVC . z . / .. z .. 3.. mpeg -2 8 8 DCT Discrete Cosine Transform .. | MPEG-4 AVC 4 4 8 8 .. | MPEG-4 AVC DHT Discrete Hadamard Transform . DCT Intra . / Inter / .. (1) (MB) 16 16 . 4 4 DCT . 16 4 4 DHT . 17 . (2) 16 16 . MB 16 4 4 4. 4 DCT . (3) Cb Cr 4:2:0 . 1/2 8 8 4 4 4 DCT . 2 2 DHT FRExt . 4 4 . 8 8 Integer Transform High FRExt .. DCT . DCT . 5. 8 8 MB DCT 4 4 2 2 2 2. 4 4 4 DHT.. 3-1 .. | MPEG-4 . AVC 0 . 6. 2 .. FRExt .. 6.. 4Q 4Q. 2Q 2Q. Q Q. qP qP+6 qP+12 qP 2 qP 4 qP.. SN .. SN .. | MPEG-4 AVC mpeg -2. 3-2 . 4.. | MPEG-4 AVC . mpeg -2 4 4 . 1/4 .. mpeg -2 .. mpeg -2 P . I P 1 B . 1 I P . 7. | MPEG-4 AVC . 2 . Bi-predictive Prediction-picture B . 4-1 B 4-2 | MPEG-4 AVC . B .. 4-1 B . B.. A.. A B. 4-2 | MPEG-4 AVC B .. mpeg -2 16 16 . | MPEG-4 AVC 7 .. 16 16 .. 8.. mpeg -2 1/2 | MPEG-4 .
4 AVC 6 FIR(Finite Impulse Response) . 1/2 2 . 1/4 1/ .. 4-1 . mpeg -2 | MPEG-4 AVC. 16 16 16 8 8 16 . 16 16. 8 8 8 4 4 8 4 4. 1/2 1/4.. | MPEG-4 AVC .. 4-3 A B C . MVa MVb MVc . MVb B C MVc MVa A.. 4-3 . 4-4 .. ( 4-4. A) . ( 4-4. B) . 9. B. A. 4-4 .. 3 . 1 . 3 . 4-5 . - 8 16 ( 4-5 (a)) a . A b C .. - 16 8 ( 4-5 (b)) a . B b A .. C B. A a b A a b (a) (b). 4-5 .. | MPEG-4 AVC .. P B 1 . B . 2 2 . 10.. B Explicit( ) Implicit( . ) 2 Explicit . Implicit .. | MPEG-4 AVC B .. 2.. 5.. | MPEG-4 AVC .. 4 4 16 16 2. FRExt 8 8 3.. 1 . 4 4 8 8 9 . 16 16 . 4 . MPEG-4 Visual DCT . | MPEG-4 . AVC DCT . 4 4 . 8 8 .. 4 4 5-1 . 4 A B C D . 4 E F G H 4 I J K . L 1 M . 4 4 . Deblocking filter . 11. M E F G H I J K L. A. 16 B.. C. D. 16 . 5-1 4 4 . 5-2 9 0 8 .. 0 . 1 . 2 4 5-1 A B C . D 4 5-1 E F G H 8 .. 0 (vertical) 1(horizontal) 2(DC). 3(diagonal down-left) 4(diagonal down-right) 5(vertical-right). 6(horizontal-down) 7(vertical-left) 8(horizontal-up). 5-2 4 4 . 16 9 .. 12.. FRExt 8 8.
5 4 4 9 .. 16 16 .. 5-3 4 . 2 . 16 16 32 .. 0 (vertical) 1(horizontal) 2 (DC) 3 (plane).. 5-3 16 16 . 16 16 1 . 4 4 .. 4:2:0 . 8 8 FRExt 4:2:2 4:4:4 . 8 16 16 16 . 16 16 . 5-4 4 . 16 16 .. Cb Cr . 0 (DC) 1(horizontal) 2 (vertical) 3 (plane).. 5-4 . 13. 6.. | MPEG-4 AVC .. 2 .. CAVLC Context-based Adaptive Variable Length Coding .. CABAC Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding .. CAVLC .. 6-1 C . A nA . B nB nC .. B. C : . A : C . B : C . A C. 6-1 . 6-1 TotalCoeff TrailingOnes . 6-1 nC . nA = 2 nB = 4 nC = 3 . 6-1 C (TotalCoeff, TrailingOnes) .. 14. 6-1 TotalCoeff TrailingOnes . ( coeff_token ). ( coeff_token ). TrailingOnes TotalCoeff 0 <= nC < 2 2 <= nC < 4 4 <= nC < 8 8 <= nC nC = = -1 nC = = -2. 0 0 1 11 1111 0000 11 01 1. 0 1 0001 01 0010 11 0011 11 0000 00 0001 11 0001 111. 1 1 01 10 1110 0000 01 1 01. 0 2 0000 0111 0001 11 0010 11 0001 00 0001 00 0001 110. 1 2 0001 00 0011 1 0111 1 0001 01 0001 10 0001 101. 2 2 001 011 1101 0001 10 001 001. 0 3 0000 0011 1 0000 111 0010 00 0010 00 0000 11 0000 0011 1.
6 1 3 0000 0110 0010 10 0110 0 0010 01 0000 011 0001 100. 2 3 0000 101 0010 01 0111 0 0010 10 0000 010 0001 011. 3 3 0001 1 0101 1100 0010 11 0001 01 0000 1. 0 4 0000 0001 11 0000 0111 0001 111 0011 00 0000 10 0000 0011 0.. CABAC CAVLC .. 1 .. CABAC PSNR Peak Signal to Noise Ratio . 30 38dB CAVLC . 10 CABAC .. CABAC Main High . FRExt 4 .. (Golomb) . 7.. mpeg -2 .. 15.. | MPEG-4 AVC . Deblocking Filter .. ON OFF.. OFF .. 7-1 .. P3 P 2 P 1 P 0 Q0 Q1 Q2 Q3 . p3 p2 p1 p0 q0 q1 q2 q3 .. p3 p2 p1 p0 q0 q1 q2 q3 . P Q 16.. 16 . 7-1 . 4 4 16 . 16. P Q P Q . p0 p3 q0 q3 p0. p3 q0 q3 . Bs Boundary Strength Bs 7-1 . 7-1 Bs Boundary Strength . Bs p,q . p, q . 4 .. p, q . 3.. p, q . 2. p, q . p, q . 1 p, q .. p, q . 0 p, q .. Bs .. 7-1 5 Bs .. ON . (1) Bs > 0. (2) |p0 q0| < ; |p1 p0| < ; |q1 q0| < . Bs . OFF . 7-1 p0, q0 . p0, p1 q0, q1 .. QP Quantization parameter .. ON OFF .. 17.. P0 P3 Q0 Q3 .. 8.. | MPEG-4 AVC .. 7 .. 16 . 18.. 4:2:0 . I, P . ( ) . Baseline MB . (CABAC).
7 (FMO,ASO,RS ( ) ). 4:2:0 . Baseline I, P, B . ( ) . Extended . (CABAC) . Switching (SI,SP ) ( ). Slice Data Partition( ) . 4:2:0 . I, P, B . ( ) .. Main FMO,ASO,RS( ) (CABAC) . Baseline SI, SP . Data Partition( ) .. 4:2:0 . Main . I, P, B .. ( ) . HDTV . High ( .. 8 8 ) . (FRExt) ( ) . ( ).. (CABAC) . High . 10 4:2:0 . High 10. 10 ( ) .. High 10 . 4:2:2 4:2:2 . High 4:2:2. 10 ( ) .. High 4:2:2 . 12 . 4:4:4 . High 4:4:4. 4:4:4 12 ( ) .. ( 6) ( . ) 1/4 4 4 CAVLC . ( 7) FMO: Flexible Macroblock Ordering, ASO: Arbitrary Slice Order, RS: Redundant Slices ( 8) SI,SP : . ( 9) Data partition: . ( 10) : 1/2 Fade/Dissolve . ( 11) : . ( 12) FRExt Fidelity Range Extensions 19.. MB . ( . (luma (luma ( . 2 MB. (MBs) (MB/s) (kbps) frame frame ). ). samples) samples). 1 99 1485 64 [-64, 1b 99 1485 128 + ]. 396 3000 192 . 396 6000 384 [-128, MB . 396 11880 768 + ] BP. 2 396 11880 2000. 792 19800 4000 [-2048, [-256, EP. 1620 20250 4000. + ] . 3 1620 40500 10000 32. + ] MP. 3600 108000 14000.
8 5120 216000 20000 . 4 8192 245760 20000 [-512, HP . 8192 245760 50000 16. + ]. 8704 522240 50000.. 5 22080 589824 135000. MB . 36864 983040 240000. (fps). 1485 1485 3000 6000 11880 11880 19800 20250 40500 108000 216000 245760 245760 522240 589824 983040. Max . Luma Frame Width Size 1 1b 2 3 4 5 Height (MBs). SQCIF 128 96 48 QCIF 176 144 99 QVGA 320 240 300 525 SIF 352 240 330 CIF 352 288 396 525 HHR 352 480 660 625 HHR 352 576 792 VGA 640 480 1200 525 4 SIF 704 480 1320 525 SD 720 480 1350 4 CIF 704 576 1584 625 SD 720 576 1620 SVGA 800 600 1900 XGA 1024 768 3072 720p HD 1280 720 3600 4 VGA 1280 960 4800 SXGA 1280 1024 5120 525 16 SIF 1408 960 5280 16 CIF 1408 1152 6336 4 SVGA 1600 1200 7500 1080 HD 1920 1088 8160 2Kx1K 2048 1024 8190 2Kx1080 2048 1080 8704 4 XGA 2048 1536 12288 16 VGA 2560 1920 19200 3616x1536 ( :13616 1536 21696 3672x1536 ( :13680 1536 22080 4Kx2K 4096 2048 32768 4096x2304 (16:9) 4096 2304 36864 20.. [1] ITU-T Recommendation : Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services (03/2005).))
9 (2005) (09/2005) . [2] , , SDTV/HDTV , . , 2005 1 3 , [3] 2006. [4] 2004. [5] vcodex : tutorial white papers, , Reconstruction . [6] TV mpeg -2. Video mpeg 1994 9 26 . [7] Iain E G Richardson, and MPEG-4 Video Compression , John Wiley & Sons, Autumn 2003. 21.
