Hartman’s Nursing Assistant Care

1 Hartman s Nursing Assistant CareThe BasicsHartman Publishing, Inc. with Jetta Fuzy, RN, MSfifth editionSpecial ThanksA heartfelt thank you goes to our insightful and wonderful reviewers, listed in alphabetical order:Theresa DeBon, BS, RN Tulsa, OKTamie Hodges, BSN, RN Benton, KYCharles Illian, BSN, RN Orlando, FLWendy Marlene Pickard, RN, BS, ONC Round Rock, TXAlice Sorrell-Thompson, MBA, BSN, RN, PHN Los Angeles, CALori A Spiezio, RN, WCC Telford, PAWe are very appreciative of the many sources who shared their informative photos with us: Briggs Corporation Detecto Dreamstime Exergen Corporation Harrisburg Area Community College Hollister Incorporated Invacare Corporation Medline Industries National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel North Coast Medical, Inc. Nova Medical Products RG Medical Diagnostics of Wixom, MI Sage Products LLC TIDI Products LLC Vancare, Inc.

2 Welch AllynGender UsageThis textbook uses gender pronouns interchangeably to de-note care team members and Editor Susan Alvare HedmanDesigner Kirsten BrowneCover Illustrator Iveta VaiculePhotography Matt Pence, Pat Berrett, Art Clifton, and Dick RuddyProofreaders Sara Alexander, Sapna Desai, and Joanna Owusu Editorial Assistant Angela StoreySales/Marketing Deborah Rinker, Kendra Robertson, Erika Walker, Belinda Midyette, and Carol CastilloCustomer Service Fran Desmond, Thomas Noble, Col Foley, Brian Fejer, and Henry BullisInformation Technology Eliza MartinWarehouse Coordinator Chris MidyetteCopyright Information 2019 by Hartman Publishing, Inc. 1313 Iron Ave SW Albuquerque, NM 87102 (5 05) 291-1274 web: email: Twitter: @HartmanPubAll rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the 978 -1- 6 0 425 -10 0 -5 PRINTED IN CANADAN otice to ReadersThough the guidelines and procedures contained in this text are based on consultations with healthcare profession-als, they should not be considered absolute recommenda-tions.

3 The instructor and readers should follow employer, local, state, and federal guidelines concerning healthcare practices. These guidelines change, and it is the reader s re-sponsibility to be aware of these changes and of the policies and procedures of his or her healthcare facility. The publisher, authors, editors, and reviewers cannot ac-cept any responsibility for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, express or implied, with re-spect to the contents of the book. The publisher does not warrant or guarantee any of the products described herein or perform any analysis in connection with any of the prod-uct information contained herein. ease m l and sugges o s to t r@ ar manon The Nursing Assistant in Long-Term Care1. Compare long-term care to other healthcare settings 12.

4 Describe a typical long-term care facility 23. Explain Medicare and Medicaid 34. Describe the Nursing Assistant s role 45. Describe the care team and the chain of command 56. Define policies, procedures, and professionalism 87. List examples of legal and ethical behavior and explain Residents Rights 108. Explain legal aspects of the resident s medical record 189. Explain the Minimum Data Set (MDS) 2010. Discuss incident reports 202 Foundations of Resident Care1. Understand the importance of verbal and written communications 212. Describe barriers to communication 243. List guidelines for communicating with residents with special needs 264. Identify ways to promote safety and handle non-medical emergencies 315.

5 Demonstrate how to recognize and respond to medical emergencies 376. Describe and demonstrate infection prevention and control practices 453 Understanding Residents1. Identify basic human needs 602. Define holistic care 623. Explain why promoting independence and self-care is important 624. Identify ways to accommodate cultural differences 635. Describe the need for activity 646. Discuss family roles and their significance in health care 657. Describe the stages of human growth and development 668. Discuss developmental disabilities 699. Describe some types of mental health disorders 7010. Explain how to care for residents who are dying 7211. Define the goals of a hospice program 764 Body Systems and Related Conditions1.

6 Describe the integumentary system 792. Describe the musculoskeletal system and related conditions 803. Describe the nervous system and related conditions 844. Describe the circulatory system and related conditions 905. Describe the respiratory system and related conditions 946. Describe the urinary system and related conditions 967. Describe the gastrointestinal system and related conditions 988. Describe the endocrine system and related conditions 1029. Describe the reproductive system and related conditions 10410.

7 Describe the immune and lymphatic systems and related conditions 1065 Confusion, Dementia, and Alzheimer s Disease1. Discuss confusion and delirium 1112. Describe dementia and discuss Alzheimer s disease 1123. List strategies for better communication with residents with Alzheimer s disease 1144. List and describe interventions for problems with common activities of daily living (ADLs) 1165. List and describe interventions for common difficult behaviors related to Alzheimer s disease 1186. Describe creative therapies for residents with Alzheimer s disease 122 Learning ObjectivePagePageiiiContents6 Personal Care Skills1. Explain personal care of residents 1242. Identify guidelines for providing skin care and preventing pressure injuries 1253. Describe guidelines for assisting with bathing 1294. Describe guidelines for assisting with grooming 1385. List guidelines for assisting with dressing 1436.

8 Identify guidelines for proper oral hygiene 1477. Explain guidelines for assisting with toileting 1528. Explain guidelines for safely positioning and moving residents 1577 Basic Nursing Skills1. Explain admission, transfer, and discharge of a resident 1692. Explain the importance of monitoring vital signs 1733. Explain how to measure weight and height 1864. Explain restraints and how to promote a restraint-free environment 1885. Define fluid balance and explain intake and output (I&O) 1906. Explain care guidelines for urinary catheters, oxygen therapy, and IV therapy 1967. Discuss a resident s unit and related care 2008. Explain the importance of sleep and perform proper bedmaking 2029. Discuss dressings and bandages 2078 Nutrition and Hydration1. Identify the six basic nutrients and explain MyPlate 2092.

9 Describe factors that influence food preferences 2133. Explain special diets 2134. Describe how to assist residents in maintaining fluid balance 2165. List ways to identify and prevent unintended weight loss 2186. Identify ways to promote appetites at mealtime 2197. Demonstrate how to assist with eating 2198. Identify signs and symptoms of swallowing problems 2229. Describe how to assist residents with special needs 2259 Rehabilitation and Restorative Care1. Discuss rehabilitation and restorative care 2272. Describe the importance of promoting independence and list ways exercise improves health 2283.

10 Discuss ambulation and describe assistive devices and equipment 2294. Explain guidelines for maintaining proper body alignment 2325. Describe care guidelines for prosthetic devices 2336. Describe how to assist with range of motion exercises 2347. List guidelines for assisting with bladder and bowel retraining 23910 Caring for Yourself1. Describe how to find a job 2412. Describe a standard job description and explain how to manage time and assignments 2433. Discuss how to manage and resolve conflict 2444. Describe employee evaluations and discuss appropriate responses to feedback 2455. Discuss certification and explain the state s registry 2466. Describe continuing education 2467. Explain ways to manage stress 247 Abbreviations 250 Glossary 251 Index 262 Learning ObjectiveLearning ObjectivePagePageivProcedureProcedurePag ePagevProceduresPerforming abdominal thrusts for the conscious person 38 Responding to shock 39 Responding to a myocardial infarction 40 Controlling bleeding 40 Treating burns 41 Responding to fainting 42 Responding to seizures 43 Responding to vomiting 45 Washing hands (hand hygiene) 49 Putting on (donning) and removing (doffing) gown 51 Putting on (donning) mask and goggles 52 Putting on (donning) gloves 53 Removing (doffing)