HARVARD REFERENCING Direct quotations, facts …

1 HARVARD REFERENCINGNote: This handout is only an introduction tothe HARVARD REFERENCING system. For acomprehensive guide to REFERENCING printmaterials see:Style Manual for Authors, Editors andPrinters1994, 5th edn. AGPS, Canberra(available in the Main Library ReferenceCollection at [3] STY and at most otherCurtin libraries)and for a guide to REFERENCING electronicinformation sources refer to:Li, X. &Crane, 1996, Electronic Styles:A Handbook for Citing ElectronicInformation, 2nd edn, Information TodayMedford, (available in the Main Library ReferenceCollection at [3] LI and at mostother Curtin libraries)Information and examples contained in thishandout are chiefly derived form the is very important that you check yourdepartment s or school s assignment guideas some details, punctuation, may varyfrom the guidelines on this sheet. You maybe penalised for not conforming to yourschool s IS REFERENCING ? REFERENCING is a standardised method ofacknowledging sources of information andideas that you have used in your assignment,in a way that uniquely identifies their source.

2 Direct quotations, facts and figures, as wellas ideas and theories, from both publishedand unpublished works must be referenced. There are many acceptable forms ofreferencing. This information sheet providesa brief guide to the HARVARD REFERENCING style. In this system the author s name is given first,followed by the publication date, within thetext of the assignment. A reference list at theend of the assignment contains full details ofall the in-text REFERENCE? REFERENCING is necessary to avoidplagiarism; to enable the reader to verifyquotations; and to enable readers to follow-up and read more fully the cited author INVOLVED IN REFERENCING ? Take down the full bibliographical detailsincluding the page number(s) from whichthe information is the case of books, bibliographicaldetails refers to: author/editor, volumenumber, publisher and place ofpublication. (Not all of these details willnecessarily be applicable.)In the case of a journal article is refersto: author of article, year of publication,title of article, journal/serial title, volumenumber, issue number, and page numberon which the article case of electronic information itrefers to the author/editor, year ofpublication, article title, journal title, thetype of medium ( CD-ROM, Online,etc.)

3 , pages or length, Available statement ( WWW address, supplierand name of electronic database, Emailaddress, etc.), and access (Not allof these details will necessarily beapplicable.) Insert the citation at the appropriate placewithin the text of the document (seeexamples below). Provide a reference list at the end of thedocument (see examples below).HOW TO CITE REFERENCE WITHINTHE TEXT OF AN ASSIGNMENT when citing references within the text of anassignment use only the name of the author,followed by the year of (1971) was the first to propoundthe theory was first propounded in 1970by Larsen (1971).When directly quoting from another source,ensure that quotation marks are used andthe relevant page number(s) are (1971, p. 245) noted that many ofthe facts in this case are incorrect .OR Many of the facts in this case areincorrect (Larsen 1971, pp. 245-6).Refer to Sections - of the AGPSS tyle Manual for more details on citing with no author: When a work has noauthor (including legal materials) or theauthor is anonymous, cite in-text the first fewwords of the reference list entry (usually thetitle) and the year.

4 Use italics for the title asfollows:This was apparently not the case inseventeenth-century England (OnTravelling to London 1683).OROn Travelling to London (1683) revealsthat this was not authors: When a work by two orthree authors is cited in parentheses, thetextual reference should be as:(Larsen & Green 1987)(Larsen, Green & Withers 1987)When the author s names are incorporated inthe text, the ampersand is replaced by and :Larsen and Green (1987) were , Green and Withers (1987) a work that has more than three authors,only the surname of the first listed author isused, followed by the expression et al . (or and others ). For example, a work byLarsen, Green, Withers and Gonzalesbecomes:Larsen et al. (1987) have is thebest example (Larsen et al. 1987).Refer to Sections - of the AGPSS tyle Manual for more examples of a Web site: To cite a Web pagewithin the text of an assignment, give theaddress of the site ( cite a document from a Web site youmust follow the author/date format.)

5 In bothcases an entry will still be required in thereference TO CREATE A REFERENCE LISTA list of references contains details only ofthose works cited in the text. If relevantsources that are not cited in the text areincluded, the list is called a Reference List is arrangedalphabetically by author. Where an item hasno author it is cited by its title, and ordered inthe reference list or bibliography in sequenceby the fist significant word of the HARVARD style requires the second line ofthe reference to be indented, as shownbelow, to highlight the alphabetical OF TYPES OF PRINTEDREFERENCE:Articles/chapters in books:Bibliographic details are arranged in thesequence:author of chapteryear of publicationchapter titletitle of bookeditor(s) of bookpublisherplace of publicationarticle or chapter pagesArticle or chapter in a bookBlaxter, M. 1976, Social class and health inequalities , in Equalities andInequalities in Health, eds C. Carter& , Academic Press, London, pp.

6 Or chapter in a book (no author) Solving the Y2K problem 1997, inTechnology Today and Tomorrow, ed. D. Bowd, VanNostrand Reinhold, New York, p. details are arranged in thesequence:author/editor(s)year of publicationtitle of bookeditor of bookpublisherplace of publicationBook with a single authorAdam-Smith, P. 1978, The ANZACS,Thomas Nelson, with 2 authors/editorsBulter, & Walbert, (eds) 1986,Abortion, Medicine and the Law, Factson File Publications, New with 3 or more authorsLeerder, , Dobson, , Gibberd, , 1996, The Australian FilmIndustry, Dominion Press, with no author (note edition)The Australian Concise Oxford Dictionary1992,2nd edn, Oxford University Press, to Sections - of the AGPSS tyle Manual for more examples of referenceto and ParliamentaryPublicationsAct of ParliamentCopyright Act 1968 (Cwlth), ss. Bureau of Statistics BulletinAustralian Bureau of Statistics 1985,Domestic Travel and Tourism, Survey, Australia,1983, Cat. No. , ABS, ReportOffice of the Status of women 1981, FairExposure, AGPS, to Sections - of the AGPSS tyle Manual for more examples ofreferences to government and Article BookBibliographic details are arranged in thesequence:author of journal articleyear of publicationarticle titletitle of journalvolume of journalissue number of journalarticle pagesJournal articleDewhirst, C.

7 1986, Hot air over theHimalayas ,World Geographic, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. Article (no author) Anorexia nervosa 1969, British MedicalJournal, vol. 1, pp. articleLegge, K. 1987, Labor or cost the Keatingfactor , Times on Sunday, 1 Feb., p. to Section - of the AGPSS tyle Manual for more examples ofreferences to journal and newspaper than one item by the same authorpublished in the same yearDewhirst, C. 1986a, Hot air over theHimalayas ,World Geographic, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. , C. 1986b, Cold water around theAntarctic , World Geographic, vol. 1, ,pp. Document (microfiche)Davis, R.. & Lombardi, T. P. 1996, Thequalityof life of rural high school specialeducation graduates , in Rural Goals2000: Building Programs that Work[Microfiche]. Available: ERIC Document:ED394765 Personal ConversationDoe, J., Lecturer at Curtin University ofTechnology Business School 2000,Conversation with the author, 14 did not Die (video recording)1998,London, Carlton International, Written andproduced by John OF TYPES OFELECTRONIC REFERENCES:Journal ArticleBibliographic details are arranged in thesequence:author of journal articleyear of publicationarticle titletitle of journaltype of medium (use Electronic if youare unsure if it is online or networkedCD-ROM)volume of journalissue number of journalarticle pages or indication of length available statement: supplier/databasename/identification or number ifavailable/item or accession numberaccess dateJournal Article Abstract from ElectronicDatabaseRyles, R.

8 1996 [Abstract of The impact of Braille reading skills on employment,income, education and reading habits Journal of Visual Impairment andBlindness, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 219-226],[Electronic], Available: Silver Platter File:CINAHL/1996036756 [1997, June 7].Full Text Journal Article from CD-ROM(BPO)La Rosa, 1992, Marketing slays thedownsizing dragon , Information Today[CD-ROM], vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 58-59,Available:UMI/Business Periodicals Ondisc/92-20889 [1999, Jan. 15].Full Text Journal Article from ElectronicDatabaseSale, P. & Carey, 1995, Thesociometricstatus of students with disabilities in a fullinclusion school , Exceptional Children[Electronic], vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 6-22,Available: Information Access/ExpandedAcademic ASAP/A1743591 [1998, June12].Full Text Journal Article from anElectronic JournalSkargren, & berg, B. 1998, Predictive factors for 1-year outcome of low back andneck pain in patients treated in primarycare: comparison between the treatmentstrategies chiropractic and physiotherapy ,Pain [Electronic], vol.

9 77, no. 2, 201 (7 pp),Available: Elservier/ScienceDirect/S0304-3959(98)00 101-8 [1999, Feb. 8].Article from Curtin Electronic ReserveAvgerou, C., Siemer, J. Bjorn-Anderson, , The academic field of informationsystems in Europe , European Journal ofInformation Systems [Electronic], vol. 8, , Available: Curtin University Libraryand Information Service E-Reserve/dc60005019 [2001, Jan. 22].Journal ArticleE-mail (Personal)Corliss, B. 1999, News from Seattle, 13 Jan. [1999,Jan. 15].Discussion ListBerkowitz, P. 1995, Sussy s gravestone ,Mark Twain Forum [Online], Apr. 3, AvailableE-mail: [1995,Apr. 3].Journal ArticleWorld Wide Web pageBeckleheimer, J. 1994, How do you citeURL sin a bibliography? [Online], Available: [2000, Dec. 13].World Wide Web page (no author)Education America for the 21st century:Developing a strategic plan foreducational leadership 1994 [Online],Available: [2001, May 16].World Wide Web page (no publicationdate)Prizkner, , An early fragment fromcentral Neapl [Online], Avialable: ~astanart/ [2000, Dec.]

10 12].