Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response

1 Haza rdous Was teOper ati on s an dEmerge nc y Res ponseOSHA3114-07R200 8 Employers arere sponsibleforpr ovidinga s ro le is to promote thesafetyandhealthofAmerica sworki ngmenandwomenbyset tingandenforci ngsta ndard s; providin g training ,outreachandeducatio n; establishi ngpartnerships;andencouragingco ntinualimprovementin workplacesaf et y an d health .Thisinformational booklet pr ovidesa genera loverview of a particulartopicrelatedto doesnotalt er or de terminecompli-anceresponsibilitiesin osha st andardsor etationsandenforcementpolicymaychangeove rtime,youshouldconsultcurrentOSHA admini strativeint erpretationsanddecisionsbytheOccupationa l Sa fet y andHe alt h Re viewCo mmissi onandthecourts n is in thepub lic do main andmaybereproduc ed,ful ly or partially, urce credit is re is informatio n is availableto sensoryimpairedin di vid ual s uponrequest.

2 Voicephone:(202)693-1999;tel etypewriter(TTY)number:(877) win G. Fo ul ke, sis tan t Sec ret aryof Labor forOc cupationalSaf etyan d De partment of LaborOccupationalSafetyandHealth AdministrationOSHA3114-07R2008 HazardousWast eOperationsan dEmergencyRe sponse2 Content sIntroducti 5 Sco pe and Ap plicat ty and He alth gan izational he nsi ve Wo 0Si te Ch ar act eriza tion an d An h and Safe ty Plan (HASP)..11 Safe ty and He alth Train ing Prog ica l Su rv eill an gi ne eri ng Con tr ols, Work Practices,and PPE ..17 Exposu re Mo nito rin form at io na l lin g and Lab elingDrumsan d Con tain ers..20 Dec on tam in atio n Procedure ar do usWast e Site Emergency .23 Sanitation of Tem pora ry Work hno lo gy Prog ty and He alth ar d Co mm uni cationProg ica l Su rv eill an ce, Decontaminatio n, NewTec hno lo gy, an d Material Han dlin g Pro ing Pr ogr am.

3 26 TSDF acil ity Emer gen cy Response ..27Pr ovisionsofHAZWOPERforEmergencyResponseOp e er ge ncy Resp onsePlan..29Pr oce du re s fo r Hand ling an Eme rgencyRe in in g..30 Med ica l Su rv eill an E..3 3 Post -E me rgen cy Response Op erat ion ee pin ar d Co mm uni cationStan dard(HCS)..35Bl oo db orne Pa th ogensSta ndar d (BBP)..35Ot her OS HA her Re sou ..3 guidancedocument is nota standard or regulation,andit createsno newlegalob nature,informational in content,andis intendedto assistemployers in providinga etyandHealthActrequiresemployers to complywit h hazard-specificsaf etyandhealthsta ndards pr omulgatedbyOSHAor bya StatewithanOSHA-approvedSt addition,pursuantto Sectio n5(a)(1)

4 ,theGeneralDutyClauseof theAct,employersmustprovide their employee s with a workplace fre e fromrec-ognizedhazards likelyto causedeathor seriousphysicalha yerscanbeci tedforviolatingtheGeneral DutyClauseif there is a recognizedhazardandtheydonottak ere asonable stepsto prevent or ,fa ilu re to implementtheserecommendationsis not, in itself,a vi ol ati onof theGeneral Duty ly beba sedonstandards,regulations,andtheGeneral Dut ONY MSBBPB loodborne PathogensCERCLACo mprehensiveEnvironmentalResponse,Compe ns atio n,andLiab ilityAct of 1980 CESQGsCo nditionallyExempt SmallQuantityGenera to rsCFRCo deof Fe deralRegulationsDHSDe partm entof HomelandSecurityDOTDe partm entof Transp ortationEPAEn vironmen tal Pr otectionAgencyERPE mergencyResponsePlanHASPHe althandSafetyPlanHAZMATHa zardous MaterialsHAZWOP ERHa zardous WasteOp erations andEmergency Res po ns eHCSHa zardCommun ic ationStandardIC SIncident CommandSystemID LHImmediatelyDangerousto Lifeor HealthMSD SMater ial SafetyData SheetNIMSN ationalIn cid entManagement SystemNPLN ationalPriority ListOSHAO ccupationalSafety andHealthAdministrat io nPELP ermissible ExposureLimitPPEP ersonalProtectiveEq uipmentRCRAR esource ConservationandRecovery Actof 197 6 SARASu

5 PerfundAmendmentsandReauthoriza tionActof 198 6 SCBASelf-containedbreathingapparatusSHAR PS afetyandHealthAchievementRecognitionPro gra mSSPS killedSup portPersonnelTSDTre atment,Stor age,an d DisposalTRITo xicRelease InventoryUSTU ndergroundstoragetankVPPVo luntaryProtectionProgramsIntroductionThe dumpingof hazardoussubstancesposesa significantthr s(EPA)Toxic ReleaseInventor y (TRI)data showthatover18 milliontonsofhazardoussub stancescoveredbyTRI weredisposedof or releasedintotheenviro s sub-st ancesare a serioussafety andhealthproblemthatcontinuestoendangerh u manandanimallif e anden vironmental quality. Di s-ca rdedhazardou s substancesthatareto xic,flammable,or cor-rosivecancause fires,explosions, andpollutionof air,water, hazardoussubstancesareproperlytreated,st ored,ordisposedof, theywillcontinueto dogreatharmto livingthings thatcontactthem,no w andin causeof th e seriousnessof the safetyan d health hazardsrelatedto hazardouswaste operationsandemergencyresponse,theOccupa tionalSafety andHealth Administration( osha )is suedits Hazardous WasteOperationsan d EmergencyResponse(HAZWOPER) standard,Tit le 29 CodeofFederalRegulations(CFR)Parts (see54 FederalRegister9294-9336,March6, 1989)

6 To protectemployeesin thisenvironmentandtohelpthemhandl e hazardoussubstancessafelyandeff ect R standardfor theconstru ctionindustry,29 CFR19 ,is identi calto 29 ,theHAZWOPERst andardis referencedas thi R standardcoversall employersperformingthefollowingthr ee generalcategoriesof workoperations: Hazardous wastesitecleanupoperations[paragraphs(b) -(o)]( , SUPERFUND cleanup), Operationsin vol vinghazardouswaste th at areconductedattreatment, stor age,anddisposal(TSD)fac il iti es [paragraph(p) ]( , lan dfi ll thatacceptshazardouswaste), ,TRI2004 PublicDataRelease( ). Emergency responseoperationsinvolvinghazardoussu bstancereleases[p aragraph(q) ] ( ,chemicalspillat a manufactur ingplant).Anun derstandin g of howeachof thesesectionsar e dif fer en tfromea ch otherandwhattheyapplyto is es sential to ensurecom-pliancewiththeappropriatesecti onof HAZWOPER.

7 Thescopeandapplication[p aragraphs(a)(1) an d (a)(2)]secti onsof thestandardde finethese workoperationsandindicatewhatsectionsof thesta ndardtheyfal l ,co unty, an d municipalemployees,includinghazardouswas te treatment,storageanddi sposalfac ili ty employees,andfi rstre sponders, suchas fireandrescueper son nel,police,andmedicalpe rsonnel, ar e coveredbyHAZWOPER andotherregulationsissuedbythe26 st atesandter rit oriesoperatingth eirownOSHA-approvedsa fet y andhealth pr ograms (seeli stingat th e endof this bookletorvisitOSHA s we bsiteat ).EPAHA ZWOPER regulationsco vertheseemployeesin stateswithoutOSHA -approved state sta ndard at 40 CFRPart311forpubli c emplo yees(eithercompensatedor non-compensat ed)whope rformoperation s withinthescopeof thestandardin states thatdonothaveanOSHA-approvedst at e plan.

8 Thi s boo kl et providesanovervi ewof theHAZWOPER requi re-mentsfo r eachtypeof workoperation andexplains eachsectionseparately to providea clearer understanding of s un derstandingenablesemployers to protectthehealthandsaf etyof th eiremployeesin these Appli ca tio nAs briefly di sc ussedin theintroduction, HAZWOPER coversthr eecategoriesof st,pa ragraphs(b)-(o)of thest andard regulatethose op erations where employeesareengagedinthecleanupof uncontrolle d hazardouswa stesi ludetho se hazardoussubstanceop erations undertheComprehensiveEnvironmentalRespon se,Compensation,and Li abili ty Actof1980as amended(CERCLA),includingin itialin vestigationsat CERCLA sites be fo re thepresenceor absenceof hazardoussubstanceshas6be en typesof uncontrolledhazardouswa ste si testhatwould becoveredbyHAZWOPER includethose: Lis tedor pr oposedforlist ingontheNati on al Pri or ityLi st (NPL), Lis tedor pr oposedforlist ingona Statepri ori ty li st , Identi fi edor li stedbya governmental agency as anuncontrolledha zardous Waste site(Note: thisinc lu desvo lu nt arycleanupoperation s), and Re gulatedas a correct iveactioncoveredbytheResourceConservatio nand RecoveryAct(RCRA).

9 Thesecondcategory of workoperation is co veredbyparagraph(p)andinc lu desth oseemployeesengagedin operationsinvolvingha za rd ou s Waste TSDfacilitiesregulatedunder40 CFRP arts 264and265pursuantto theRCRA. Th erearecertaintypesof employerswhoareexemptedfr omparagraph(p) andthesear e addressed inthesectioncoverin g provisions for rd andfi nalworkoperationcategory is coveredbyparagraph(q)andincludesth os e employeesengagedin emergencyresponseoperationsforreleases of, or su bstantialthreats of releasesof,hazardoussubstanceswithoutreg ardto thelocationof (q)alsoin cludesprovisionsforpost-emergencyre sponse Operations ,suchas perfor minganynecessary cleanupac tiv bl e 1 providesa summaryof thescopeandapplicationof thestandard, inc Scopeand Applicationof HAZWOPERWor k Ope ra tionHAZWOPE REx amples of(Ap pli ca bleWo rk Ac tivi tiesPar ag ra ph s)

10 Clean up Ope ra tions Si te Ch aracterizationof Clea nupop er ationsrequir edby aHa zardou s Waste Si tegovern mental bod y or ot her op er ati ons Drum Removalinv olv ingha za rd ou s subs ta nce s that are ContaminatedSo ilco ndu ct ed at unc ontroll edha za rd ousRemovalwaste sit es . Undergro undStorage Cor rec tiv e actions in vo lvin g clea (b) -(o)Tank(UST) Removalopera tio ns at sites cover edbyRC RA . Volunt ary cle anupope rat io ns at sitesrec og niz edbyfe deral, sta te , loc al , orot he r gov ernmen tal bo die s asuncon tro lledha zardou s was te site ation s atTSD Fac ili ties Tr eatingWasteforOp era tio ns inv olvinghaz ar dou s wasteDi spo salat RCRAco ndu ct ed at TSDfacili tie s re gu la te d byLandfi ll40 CFR 26 4 an d 265 purs uan t to (p)