Health at a Glance 2011 - OECD.org

1 Please cite this publication as:OECD ( 2011 ), Health at a Glance 2011 : OECD Indicators, OECD work is published on the OECD iLibrary, which gathers all OECD books, periodicals and statistical databases. Visit , and do not hesitate to contact us for more at a Glance 2011 OECD INDICATORSC ontentsOECD 50th Anniversary: Measuring progress in Health in OECD countries over the past fi fty yearsChapter 1. Health statusChapter 2. Non-medical determinants of healthChapter 3. Health workforceChapter 4. Health care activitiesChapter 5. Quality of careChapter 6. Access to careChapter 7. Health expenditure and fi nancingChapter 8. Long-term careISBN 978-92-64-11153-081 2011 10 1 P-:HSTCQE=VVVZXU: Health at a Glance 2011 OECD INDICATORSH ealth at a Glance 2011 OECD INDICATORSH ealth at a Glance2011 OECD INDICATORSThis work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD.

2 Theopinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the officialviews of the Organisation or of the governments of its member document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of orsovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundariesand to the name of any territory, city or 978-92-64-11153-0 (print)ISBN 978-92-64-12610-7 (HTML)Annual: Health at a GlanceISSN 1995-3992 (print)ISSN 1999-1312 (HTML)The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The useof such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israelisettlements in the West Bank under the terms of international credits: Cover Shutterstock/Yuri Arcurs.

3 Chapter 1: Comstock/Jupiterimages. Chapter 2: Comstock/Jupiterimages. Chapter 3: Randy Faris/Corbis. Chapter 4: Vincent Hazat/Photo Alto. Chapter 5: CREATAS/Jupiterimages. Chapter 6: onoky Chapter 7: Tetraimages/Inmagine. Chapter 8: to OECD publications may be found on line at: OECD 2011 You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases andmultimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitableacknowledegment of OECD as source and copyright owner is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights shouldbe submitted to Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall beaddressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at or the Centre fran ais d exploitation du droit de copie (CFC)at cite this publication as:OECD ( 2011 ), Health at a Glance 2011 : OECD Indicators, OECD AT A Glance 2011 : OECD INDICATORS OECD 20113 ForewordThis 2011 edition of Health at a Glance : OECD Indicators presents the most recent comparabledata on key indicators of Health and Health systems across OECD countries.

4 For the first time, itfeatures a chapter on long-term edition presents data for all 34 OECD member countries, including the four new membercountries: Chile, Estonia, Israel and Slovenia. Where possible, it also reports comparable data for Brazil,China, India, Indonesia, the Russian Federation, and South Africa, as major non-OECD production of Health at a Glance would not have been possible without the contributionof OECD Health Data National Correspondents, Health Accounts Experts, and Health Care QualityIndicators Experts. The OECD gratefully acknowledges their effort in supplying most of the data andqualitative information contained in this publication. The OECD also acknowledges the contributionof other international organisations, especially the World Health Organization, the World Bank andEurostat, for sharing some of the data presented here, and the European Commission for supportingdata publication was prepared by a team from the OECD Health Division under the co-ordination ofGa tan Lafortune and Michael de Looper.

5 Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 were prepared by Michael de Looper;Chapter 3 by Michael Schoenstein, Ga lle Balestat and Rebecca Bennetts; Chapter 4 by Ga tan Lafortuneand Ga lle Balestat; Chapter 5 by Gerrard Abi-Aad, Vladimir Stevanovic, Rie Fujisawa andNiek Klazinga; Chapter 6 by Michael de Looper and Marion Devaux (with a contribution fromLothar Janssen of the German Federal Ministry of Health ); Chapter 7 by David Morgan, Rebecca Bennettsand Roberto Astolfi; and Chapter 8 by J r me Mercier, Margarita Xydia-Charmanta andFrancesca Colombo. Statistical support was provided by Nelly Biondi. This publication benefited fromcomments and suggestions by Val rie Paris and Mark AT 50 Health AT A Glance 2011 : OECD INDICATORS OECD 20115 OECD 50th AnniversaryMeasuring Progress in Health in OECD Countries over the Past Fifty YearsWork on Health at the OECD began in the early 1980s, as part of an examination of thestrong growth in Health expenditure in the prior decade.

6 In the 1980s and the 1990s, thiswork focused largely on building a robust database that could be used for comparativeanalyses of Health systems, beginning with comparable data on Health spending. Thisdevelopmental work led to the release of the first version of the OECD manual A System ofHealth Accounts in 2000. In the ten years since the launch of the OECD Health Project in 2001,OECD work has broadened to address some of the main challenges that policy makers faceto improve the performance of their countries Health systems (see box on next page).As work on both Health data and Health policy has expanded, so has co-operation withother international organisations, in particular the World Health Organization (WHO) andthe European Commission. A first framework of co-operation was signed between theOECD Secretary-General and the WHO Director-General in 1999, and this agreement wasfurther extended in 2005 to cover not only statistical work but also analytical work relatedto the financing and delivery of Health care services.

7 At the end of 2005, the OECD, WHOand Eurostat (the European statistical agency) launched a first joint data collection basedon the work already undertaken for A System of Health Accounts, to improve the availabilityand comparability of data on Health expenditure and financing. Building on this success, anew joint collection between the three organisations was launched in 2010 to gathercomparable data on non-monetary Health care statistics. This strong collaboration avoidsduplication of work and ensures synergies between the three OECD Health Data database, the main source for this publication, has been built upover the past 30 years in close co-operation with officials from all OECD countries andother international organisations. It provides a unique source of information to comparethe evolution of Health and Health systems across OECD countries, with some time seriesspanning the whole 50-year period since the Organisation s back at the evolution of Health and Health systems since the OECD wascreated in 1961, three major trends stand out:1.

8 The remarkable gains in life The changing nature of risk factors to The steady growth in Health spending, which has exceeded GDP growth by a AT 50 Health AT A Glance 2011 : OECD INDICATORS OECD 20116 Key events related to OECD work on health1961: Creation of the OECD as a successor to the Organisation for European : OECD Conference on Social Policies calls for more analysis on Health expendituregrowth, leading to the beginning of OECD work on Health under the Working Partyon Social : First OECD report on Health , Measuring Health Care, 1960-1983: Expenditure, Costs andPerformance (including the first paper edition of the OECD Health Database).1991: First electronic edition of OECD Health : First OECD/WHO Framework for : Release of OECD manual A System of Health Accounts to improve the comparability ofdata on Health expenditure and : Launch of the OECD Health Project to address key policy challenges in improving theperformance of OECD Health : Creation of OECD Group on Health to oversee the OECD Health Project (the name andmandate of this group was changed in 2006 to the OECD Health Committee).

9 2001: First edition of Health at a Glance to present key indicators from the database in auser-friendly : Launch of OECD Health Care Quality Indicators (HCQI) project to develop a set ofindicators measuring and comparing quality of care across : First OECD Health Ministerial Meeting in Paris to discuss the main findings from theOECD Health Project. Release of publication Towards High-Performing Health Systems,along with a series of policy : Renewal of the OECD/WHO Framework for Co-operation, extending the co-operationbeyond statistical work to include analysis of Health systems issues related tofinancing, human resources and : First annual OECD, WHO and Eurostat Joint Health Accounts Questionnaire to increasethe availability and comparability of data on Health expenditure based on A Systemof Health : New OECD, WHO (European region) and Eurostat Joint Questionnaire on non-monetaryhealth care statistics to improve availability and comparability of data on healthworkforce and other : Release of editions of Health at a Glance covering European and Asia/Pacific.

10 Release of first OECD report on prevention, Obesity and the Economics of Prevention FitNot Fat, identifying trends in obesity and cost-effective interventions to address theobesity : Second OECD Health Ministerial Meeting in Paris to discuss Health system priorities inthe aftermath of the economic crisis. Release of first HCQI publication ImprovingValue in Health Care: Measuring Quality, and a series of policy studies in the publicationValue for Money in Health : Second edition of the manual A System of Health Accounts released jointly by OECD,WHO and Eurostat to promote greater comparability in Health accounting systems indeveloped and developing AT 50 Health AT A Glance 2011 : OECD INDICATORS OECD 20117 Remarkable gains in life expectancyThe Health of populations in OECD countries has improved greatly over the past50 years, with women and men living longer than ever before.